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MADRE In 1983, following an invitation from Nicaraguan women, a group of United States women witnessed the U.S.-sponsored violence in Nicaragua. The U.S. group formed MADRE as an organization run by women, informed in int... In 1983, following an invitation from Nicaraguan women, a group of United States women witnessed the U.S.-sponsored violence in Nicaragua. The U.S. group formed MADRE as an organization run by women, informed in international human rights issues, and dedicated to exposing unjust aspects of U.S. foreign policy. MADRE aligns with sister organizations globally to create programs and influence policy internationally. Women and Social Movements International includes a sampling of MADRE publications. Show more Show less 1983 5 4
Margaret Williamson Memorial Hospital for Women and Children The Margaret Williamson Memorial Hospital for Women and Children in Shanghai, China, was founded by the Women’s Union Missionary Society and funded by Margaret Williamson in 1884. The hospital served Chinese women... The Margaret Williamson Memorial Hospital for Women and Children in Shanghai, China, was founded by the Women’s Union Missionary Society and funded by Margaret Williamson in 1884. The hospital served Chinese women and children, and it was also known as the “West Gate Hospital” because of its location within Shanghai. Documents in this digital archive pertain to the personal experiences of Hilda Crosby (Standish), who worked for two years at the hospital during 1932-1934. Crosby was hired to teach obstetrics, but family circumstances forced her to cut the five-year appointment short. After her return to the United States, she used her medical experience to support reproductive rights. Show more Show less 1884 2 12
Massachusetts Federation of Women's Clubs The Massachusetts state affiliate of the General Federation of Women's Clubs (see above) provided a state federation for women's clubs offering social, literary and reform activities for women under the overall umbr... The Massachusetts state affiliate of the General Federation of Women's Clubs (see above) provided a state federation for women's clubs offering social, literary and reform activities for women under the overall umbrella of the General Federation. Its first president was Julia Ward Howe, suffragist and founder of the New England Women's Club in 1868. Show more Show less 1893 2 4
Massachusetts Public Interests League The Massachusetts Public Interests League (MPIL) campaigned against woman suffrage in 1915 and later attacked women’s organizations during the so-called Red Scare. In 1925, membership was said to extend to 118 cit... The Massachusetts Public Interests League (MPIL) campaigned against woman suffrage in 1915 and later attacked women’s organizations during the so-called Red Scare. In 1925, membership was said to extend to 118 cities, 20 states and the District of Columbia. Margaret Robinson was a longstanding president. Show more Show less 1915 1
Medical Women's International Association Founded in 1919 at a congress held in New York, the Medical Women's International Association (MWIA) represents women doctors from around the globe as a non-political, non-sectarian, and non-profit nongovernmental o... Founded in 1919 at a congress held in New York, the Medical Women's International Association (MWIA) represents women doctors from around the globe as a non-political, non-sectarian, and non-profit nongovernmental organization (NGO). The first president was Dr. Esther P. Lovejoy. Today, the MWIA works with United Nations bodies, such as the World Health Organization and UNICEF. Women and Social Movements International features documents about Lovejoy, the MWIA, and selected congresses. Show more Show less 1919 7 3
Moravian Church The Moravian Church had its origins in the Protestant Reformation in 15th-century Bohemia (today the Czech Republic). The denomination emphasized a religion of the heart, centered around the Love Feast, or communal... The Moravian Church had its origins in the Protestant Reformation in 15th-century Bohemia (today the Czech Republic). The denomination emphasized a religion of the heart, centered around the Love Feast, or communal meal. Subject to religious persecution in the 16th and 17th centuries, Moravians underwent a renewal in the 18th century under the patronage of a Saxon noble, Count von Zinzendorf. Moravians established missions in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and Wachovia, North Carolina, to work among Native Americans and enslaved people. Moravians joined the Cherokee forced migration in the 1830s and settled among them in Oklahoma. Show more Show less 1457 23
Movement to End Violence Against Women From the 1960s onward, women’s groups protested violence women suffered at the hands of men and the lack of protection offered to women victims by police and the legal system. Alongside providing shelters for batt... From the 1960s onward, women’s groups protested violence women suffered at the hands of men and the lack of protection offered to women victims by police and the legal system. Alongside providing shelters for battered women, women publicized the issue of violence, holding national conferences, and demanding legislative protections and reforms. As a result of this movement, in 1994 Congress enacted the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), which responded to the inadequacies of state justice systems in dealing with violent crimes against women. Show more Show less 1960 1