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6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6, A Different Kind of War
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb h...
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in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
Description
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower....
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower. With Baghdad’s air defence headquarters destroyed and its radar system in chaos, hundreds of Iraq’s fighters couldn’t operate. Only a few struggled into the air. With hundreds of allied aircraft flying, AWACS planes packed with computer equipment helped control the battle. On the first night the coalition armada systematically attacked Iraq’s war machine. The factories that made chemical and biological weapons, the Scud missile plants – in all over 200 different targets were hit. It was a new benchmark in the history of warfare, the first time the world had seen precision bombing on a vast scale. And defying all expectations, only one allied pilot, an American, had been killed. With air superiority established over the Iraqis, the coalition air planners were now confident enough to launch conventional aircraft on massive daylight raids. When Saddam met with his ministers after the first night’s bombing, he had already ordered action he believed would shatter the coalition of Western and Arab countries attacking Iraq. Scud missile launchers hidden in the desert fired at Israel. The Scuds were fired indiscriminately at Israel’s largest city. Saddam calculated the Israelis would retaliate and join the conflict. The Arabs in the coalition would then refuse to fight alongside Israel. The coalition would collapse and so would the war. Soon more Scuds were on the way. Israel’s nuclear forces now went on full alert. Sixty Israeli jets took to the skies. Early warning radar appeared to show Iraqi bombers headed for Israel. In the Pentagon, the defence secretary picked up the hotline to Tel Aviv. Israeli retaliation seemed inevitable. The Israeli Army reported nerve gas in the debris of one of the missiles. Israelis prepared for the worst. Ultimately, none of the eight Scuds that landed proved to have chemical warheads. After some discussion, Baghdad had decided the Israelis might retaliate against a chemical attack with nuclear weapons. The man who would decide what happened next was Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. He and George Bush disliked each other and when Bush telephoned him, Shamir angrily told the president that if America couldn’t stop the Scuds, the Israeli Air Force would. The Israeli Defence Minister, Moshe Arens, told us that Bush said to Shamir, pleaded with Shamir, tried to cajole Shamir that Israel not take any military action, that this would be injurious to the allied cause, that in the final analysis, that this would also be injurious to Israel’s cause. Shamir told us what he said to Bush – “It’s very difficult, Mr. President. It’s very difficult. I don’t know what the day of tomorrow will bring, but at this moment, we will act accordingly, accordingly with your concepts.” On February 21st, forty-eight hours before the ground attack was due, Iraq’s foreign minister, Tariq Aziz, arrived in Moscow. Saddam’s admission that he was willing to withdraw from Kuwait had led to some frantic Soviet diplomacy to save their old ally from defeat. Aziz went straight to the Kremlin. The Soviet president was waiting. Aziz told Gorbachev Saddam wouldn’t accept the U.N. resolutions that called for Iraq to recognize Kuwait’s independence and pay it compensation. But, he said, Iraq would withdraw from Kuwait. Gorbachev thought this was good enough. He called the White House. The president summoned his key advisors to discuss the Soviet offer. If Iraq withdrew, it would mean no bloody ground war, but Saddam would walk away unpunished, his war machine undefeated. At dawn the president called Gorbachev to tell him the deal was unacceptable. Bush’s carefully crafted international coalition was fragmenting. The French president, Francois Mitterrand, called to demand more time for diplomacy. As hundreds of oil wells blazed across Kuwait, the president issued a final ultimatum. Saddam ignored the warning. To obey, he believed, would have humiliated him in the eyes of the Arab world. Within a month of the air war, the ground war by the Allies began to force Iraqi troops out of Kuwait. It was a very short and comprehensive victory.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Documentary
Contributor
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Date Published / Released
2001
Publisher
SW Pictures
Series
6 Battle for the Gulf
Speaker / Narrator
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Person Discussed
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahm...
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahmoud Hadary, fl. 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev, 1931-, Norman Schwarzkopf, 1934-, Bernard Shaw, 1940-, Walter Cronkite, 1916-2009, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006
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Topic / Theme
Iraq (1970s - Present), Escalation (Conflict), Military alliances, Air raids, Persian Gulf War, 1991, Political and Social Movements, War and Violence, History, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, Law, Russians, Arabs, Israelis, Iraqis, Americans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2001 SW Pictures
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60 Minutes, Kabul Under Siege
presented by Lara Logan, 1971-; produced by Andrew Bast, fl. 2005, Guy Campanile, fl. 2009 and Richard Butler; interview by Lara Logan, 1971-, in 60 Minutes (New York, NY: Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 2018), 15 mins
A report on Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan that is still under the siege of war. Kabul receives billions of dollars in US aid, yet the city remains vulnerable to terrorist attacks and is now more dangerous than ever, with casualties reaching undisclosed numbers. Includes interviews with: General John Nicholson,...
Sample
presented by Lara Logan, 1971-; produced by Andrew Bast, fl. 2005, Guy Campanile, fl. 2009 and Richard Butler; interview by Lara Logan, 1971-, in 60 Minutes (New York, NY: Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 2018), 15 mins
Description
A report on Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan that is still under the siege of war. Kabul receives billions of dollars in US aid, yet the city remains vulnerable to terrorist attacks and is now more dangerous than ever, with casualties reaching undisclosed numbers. Includes interviews with: General John Nicholson, commander of American forces in Afghanistan; Ashraf Ghani, Afghan President; unidentified former lieutenant of the Afghan counter-terr...
A report on Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan that is still under the siege of war. Kabul receives billions of dollars in US aid, yet the city remains vulnerable to terrorist attacks and is now more dangerous than ever, with casualties reaching undisclosed numbers. Includes interviews with: General John Nicholson, commander of American forces in Afghanistan; Ashraf Ghani, Afghan President; unidentified former lieutenant of the Afghan counter-terrorism unit; Dr. Alberto Cairo, orthopedic clinic in Afghanistan, International Committee of the Red Cross.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Interview, News story
Contributor
Andrew Bast, fl. 2005, Guy Campanile, fl. 2009, Richard Butler
Author / Creator
Lara Logan, 1971-
Date Published / Released
2018
Publisher
Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
Series
60 Minutes
Person Discussed
Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, 1949-, John William Nicholson, Jr., 1957-
Topic / Theme
Terrorism, Armed forces, War, Bombings, Military strategy, United States Intervention in Afghanistan, December 22, 2001-2021, War and Violence, Afghans, 21st Century in World History (2001– )
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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60 Minutes, President Zelenskyy, Part 2
presented by Scott Pelley, 1957-; produced by Maria Gavrilovic, fl. 2011-2015; interview by Scott Pelley, 1957-, in 60 Minutes (New York, NY: Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 2022), 11 mins
An interview with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Zelenskyy discusses the civilian casualties in Bucha and the challenges he faces leading a country under attack. Includes interviews with Valeriy Matvienko, and Tetyana Dmitriivna, residents of Bucha; and Andriy Yermak, Zelenskyy’s chief of staff and bus...
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presented by Scott Pelley, 1957-; produced by Maria Gavrilovic, fl. 2011-2015; interview by Scott Pelley, 1957-, in 60 Minutes (New York, NY: Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 2022), 11 mins
Description
An interview with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Zelenskyy discusses the civilian casualties in Bucha and the challenges he faces leading a country under attack. Includes interviews with Valeriy Matvienko, and Tetyana Dmitriivna, residents of Bucha; and Andriy Yermak, Zelenskyy’s chief of staff and business partner.
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Interview, News story
Contributor
Maria Gavrilovic, fl. 2011-2015
Author / Creator
Scott Pelley, 1957-
Date Published / Released
2022
Publisher
Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
Series
60 Minutes
Person Discussed
Volodymyr Zelenskyy, 1978-, Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr., 1942-
Topic / Theme
Military aid, Military maneuvers, Civilian war casualties, Invasions, Atrocities, Death tolls (Casualties), Russo-Ukrainian War, 20 February 2014 to present, War and Violence, Ukrainians, 21st Century in World History (2001– )
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2022 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Activities in Northern Burma, August 6, 1956
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Subject Files 1949-1958 - Border Incursions, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (06 August 1956), Box 1, 320.0024 Border Incursion 1956 , 2 page(s)
Sample
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Subject Files 1949-1958 - Border Incursions, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (06 August 1956), Box 1, 320.0024 Border Incursion 1956 , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
06 August 1956, 1956
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Burma and Thailand Border, Military encampments, Military maneuvers, Military units, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, French, Chinese, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Additional Guidance for Ambassador's June 29 Press Conference
in Records Concerning the Genocide in Rwanda in 1994, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (June 1994), Box 7, Folder 505000 , 6 page(s)
National Security Council Cable, Email, and Records Management Systems - NSC Cables - Rwanda and Genocide - July 1, 1994
Sample
in Records Concerning the Genocide in Rwanda in 1994, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (June 1994), Box 7, Folder 505000 , 6 page(s)
Description
National Security Council Cable, Email, and Records Management Systems - NSC Cables - Rwanda and Genocide - July 1, 1994
Date Written / Recorded
June 1994, 1994
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Yugoslav Wars: Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats (1991-1995), Rwanda, Tutsi Genocide (1994), Humanitarian aid, Genocide, War, Government aid, Military aid, Ethnic conflict, Yugoslav Wars, 1992-1995, Rwandan Civil War and Genocide, April 7–July 15, 1994, Diplomacy, International Response, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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AF Press Guidance, November 18, 1994
written by United States. Department of State, in Records on Donald Steinberg and Rwanda, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (18 November 1994), Box 3, Folder 505000 (originally published 1994), 5 page(s)
National Security Council Cable, Email, and Records Management System - NSC Cables Jan 93-Dec 94 - Steinberg & Rwanda
Sample
written by United States. Department of State, in Records on Donald Steinberg and Rwanda, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (18 November 1994), Box 3, Folder 505000 (originally published 1994), 5 page(s)
Description
National Security Council Cable, Email, and Records Management System - NSC Cables Jan 93-Dec 94 - Steinberg & Rwanda
Date Written / Recorded
18 November 1994, 1994
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
United States. Department of State
Date Published / Released
1994
Topic / Theme
Rwanda, Tutsi Genocide (1994), Hutu, Militias, Peace, Sieges, Refugee camps, Rwandan Civil War and Genocide, April 7–July 15, 1994, Post Genocide Rwanda, 1994-, Law, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, International Response, Post Conflict Support, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Africans in America: Revolution (1750–1805), Part 2, Interview with Betty Wood, Professor of History, Oxford University. 2 of 2
directed by Noland Walker, fl. 2003; produced by Noland Walker, fl. 2003, WGBH Boston, in Africans in America: Revolution (1750–1805), Part 2 (Boston, MA: WGBH Educational Foundation, 1998), 1 hour 10 mins
Betty Wood is interviewed about blacks fighting in the American Revolution, blacks leaving the US with the British, Dunmore's Proclamation and the fear of slave rebellion, controlling slaves after Dunmore's Proclamation, the significance of Dunmore's Proclamation.
Sample
directed by Noland Walker, fl. 2003; produced by Noland Walker, fl. 2003, WGBH Boston, in Africans in America: Revolution (1750–1805), Part 2 (Boston, MA: WGBH Educational Foundation, 1998), 1 hour 10 mins
Description
Betty Wood is interviewed about blacks fighting in the American Revolution, blacks leaving the US with the British, Dunmore's Proclamation and the fear of slave rebellion, controlling slaves after Dunmore's Proclamation, the significance of Dunmore's Proclamation.
Field of Study
American History
Content Type
Interview
Contributor
Noland Walker, fl. 2003, WGBH Boston
Author / Creator
Noland Walker, fl. 2003
Date Published / Released
1998
Publisher
WGBH Educational Foundation
Series
Africans in America: Revolution (1750–1805)
Person Discussed
Betty Wood, fl. 1998, John Murray, 1732-1809
Topic / Theme
American Revolution of 1776, Militias, War, Freed slaves, Rebellions, Slavery, Revolutions, Dunmore's War, 1774, American Revolution, 1775-1783, War and Violence, Race and Gender, Politics & Policy, History, British, Americans, Africans, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
Copyright Message
© 1998-2017 WGBH Educational Foundation
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Date Published / Released
2002
Publisher
United States Institute of Peace
Topic / Theme
Border Events and Areas Context, War, Armed forces, Second Congo War, 1998-2003, Diplomacy, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000), 21st Century in World History (2001– )
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Amnesty International
Date Published / Released
1985
Topic / Theme
East Timor independence movement (1975 - 1999), Missing persons, Invasions, Military occupation, Human rights, Indonesian Occupation of East Timor, December 1975-October 1999, Law, History, Documentation of Crimes, East Timorese, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Anthony Lake to President Clinton re: Policy for Bosnia -- Use of U.S. Ground Forces to Support NATO Assistance for Redeployment of UNPROFOR...
written by Anthony Lake, 1939-, in Bosnia, Intelligence, and the Clinton Presidency, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (29 May 1995), Box 5 , 3 page(s)
Sample
written by Anthony Lake, 1939-, in Bosnia, Intelligence, and the Clinton Presidency, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (29 May 1995), Box 5 , 3 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
29 May 1995, 1995
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Anthony Lake, 1939-
Topic / Theme
Yugoslav Wars: Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats (1991-1995), Peacekeeping, Military withdrawals, Armed forces, Yugoslav Wars, 1992-1995, Law, Politics & Policy, International Response, Bosnians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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