Browse Titles - 31 results
Document from the Armenian Bureau re: The Situation in Armenia, October 25, 1920
written by United Kingdom. Armenian Bureau, in Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Armenia, 1910-1929 (T-1192), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (25 October 1920) (originally published 1920), 2 page(s)
Sample
written by United Kingdom. Armenian Bureau, in Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Armenia, 1910-1929 (T-1192), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (25 October 1920) (originally published 1920), 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
25 October 1920, 1920
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
United Kingdom. Armenian Bureau
Date Published / Released
1920-10-25
Person Discussed
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1881-1938
Topic / Theme
Ottoman Empire and Armenia (1914-1922), Attacks (Battles), Communism, Treaties, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, International Response, Armenians, Turkish, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Draft Resolution on Srebrenica
written by United Nations. Security Council, in Records of Genocide in the Former Yugoslavia, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (11 1995), Box 2, Folder 897 (originally published 1995), 1 page(s)
White House Staff and Office Files - National Security Council - European, Alexander Vershbow - Bosnia, Early July 1995
Sample
written by United Nations. Security Council, in Records of Genocide in the Former Yugoslavia, of William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum (Little Rock, AR) (11 1995), Box 2, Folder 897 (originally published 1995), 1 page(s)
Description
White House Staff and Office Files - National Security Council - European, Alexander Vershbow - Bosnia, Early July 1995
Date Written / Recorded
11 1995, 1995
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
United Nations. Security Council
Date Published / Released
1995
Topic / Theme
Yugoslav Wars: Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats (1991-1995), Serbian, Bosnian, Negotiation in government, Peace processes, Attacks (Battles), Yugoslav Wars, 1992-1995, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, International Response, Serbians, Bosnians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Israel Requests U.S. Action to Reduce Israel-Arab Tension, March 25, 1954
written by United States. Department of State, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 2 page(s)
Sample
written by United States. Department of State, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1954
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Minutes
Author / Creator
United States. Department of State
Person Discussed
John Foster Dulles, 1888-1959, Reuven Shiloah, 1909-1959, Abba Eban, 1915-2002
Topic / Theme
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria Borders, Land attacks, Truces, International relations, Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1949-, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, Jordanians, Israelis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Letter to President Wilson from Diana Agabeg Apcar re: Armenia and Russia, February 9, 1921
written by Diana Agabeg Apcar, 1869-1937, in Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Armenia, 1910-1929 (T-1192), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records , 3 page(s)
Sample
written by Diana Agabeg Apcar, 1869-1937, in Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Armenia, 1910-1929 (T-1192), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records , 3 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1921
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Diana Agabeg Apcar, 1869-1937
Person Discussed
Paul Hymans, 1865-1941
Topic / Theme
Ottoman Empire and Armenia (1914-1922), Attacks (Battles), Military alliances, Government policy, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, International Response, Turkish, Armenians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Massacres and Morality: Mass Atrocities in an Age of Civilian Immunity
written by Alex J. Bellamy, 1975- (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2012, originally published 2012), 459 page(s)
Most cultural and legal codes agree that the intentional killing of civilians, whether in peacetime or war, is prohibited. This is the norm of civilian immunity, widely considered to be a fundamental moral and legal principle. Yet despite this fact, the deliberate killing of large numbers of civilians remains a pe...
Sample
written by Alex J. Bellamy, 1975- (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2012, originally published 2012), 459 page(s)
Description
Most cultural and legal codes agree that the intentional killing of civilians, whether in peacetime or war, is prohibited. This is the norm of civilian immunity, widely considered to be a fundamental moral and legal principle. Yet despite this fact, the deliberate killing of large numbers of civilians remains a persistent feature of global political life. What is more, the perpetrators have often avoided criticism and punishment. Examining dozens...
Most cultural and legal codes agree that the intentional killing of civilians, whether in peacetime or war, is prohibited. This is the norm of civilian immunity, widely considered to be a fundamental moral and legal principle. Yet despite this fact, the deliberate killing of large numbers of civilians remains a persistent feature of global political life. What is more, the perpetrators have often avoided criticism and punishment. Examining dozens of episodes of mass killing perpetrated by states since the French Revolution late eighteenth century, this book attempts to explain this paradox. It studies the role that civilian immunity has played in shaping the behaviour of perpetrators and how international society has responded to mass killing. The book argues that although the world has made impressive progress in legislating against the intentional killing of civilians and in constructing institutions to give meaning to that prohibition, the norm's history in practice suggests that the ascendancy of civilian immunity is both more recent and more fragile than might otherwise be thought. In practice, decisions to violate a norm are shaped by factors relating to the norm and the situation at hand, so too is the manner in which international society and individual states respond to norm violations. Responses to norm violations are not simply matters of normative obligation or calculations of self-interest but are instead guided by a combination of these logics as well as perceptions about the situation at hand, existing relations with the actors involved, and power relations between actors holding different accounts of the situation. Thus, whilst civilian immunity has for the time being prevailed over 'anti-civilian ideologies' which seek to justify mass killing, it remains challenged by these ideologies and its implementation shaped by individual circumstances. As a result, whilst it has become much more difficult for states to get away with mass murder, it is still not entirely impossible for them to do so.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Alex J. Bellamy, 1975-
Date Published / Released
2012
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Topic / Theme
General Context: Human Rights Violations, War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Genocide, Laws and legislation, Government, Cultural norms, State-sponsored violence, Atrocities, Mass killings, History, Law, International Response, Transitional Justice, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914), 21st Century in World History (2001– ), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press
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Palestine in [Security Council], March 23, 1954
written by Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., 1902-1985, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 1 page(s)
Sample
written by Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., 1902-1985, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 1 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1954
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., 1902-1985
Person Discussed
Abba Eban, 1915-2002
Topic / Theme
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria Borders, Maritime commerce, Land attacks, Truces, International relations, Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1949-, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, Jordanians, Israelis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Palestine in the [Security Council], March 24, 1954
written by Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., 1902-1985, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 3 page(s)
Sample
written by Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., 1902-1985, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 3 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1954
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., 1902-1985
Person Discussed
Vagn Bennike, 1888-1970, Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld, 1905-1961, Moshe Sharett, 1894-1965
Topic / Theme
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria Borders, Land attacks, Truces, International relations, Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1949-, Law, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, Jordanians, Israelis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Possible Arab Compromise in Palestine Case, April 20, 1954
written by United States. Department of State, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 1 page(s)
Sample
written by United States. Department of State, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 1 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1954
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
United States. Department of State
Person Discussed
Charles Habib Malik, 1906-1987
Topic / Theme
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria Borders, Land attacks, Truces, International relations, Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1949-, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, Lebanese, Jordanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Security Council Consideration of Israel-Jordan Border Tensions
written by United States. Department of State, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 2 page(s)
Sample
written by United States. Department of State, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1954
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Minutes
Author / Creator
United States. Department of State
Person Discussed
Sir Harold Beeley, 1909-2001, Charles Habib Malik, 1906-1987, Eric A. Johnston, 1896-1963
Topic / Theme
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria Borders, Land attacks, Truces, International relations, Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1949-, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, Lebanese, Jordanians, Israelis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Telegram from C. Douglas Dillon in Paris to Secretary of State, March 29, 1954
written by C. Douglas Dillon, 1909-2003, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 1 page(s)
Sample
written by C. Douglas Dillon, 1909-2003, in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1954), Box 1, Border Incidents General - UNTSO Reports , 1 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1954
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
C. Douglas Dillon, 1909-2003
Topic / Theme
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria Borders, Land attacks, Truces, International relations, Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1949-, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, Jordanians, Israelis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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