Browse Titles - 28 results
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Can General Relativity Explain the Properties of Gravity on Very Large Scales?
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking), 8 mins
Gravity is the decisive force driving the formation and evolution of cosmic structures. BJÖRN MALTE SCHÄFER is interested in the properties of gravity on very large scales as well as in very specific questions concerning structure formation, such as how galaxies acquire their angular momentum, how they start rot...
Open Access
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking), 8 mins
Description
Gravity is the decisive force driving the formation and evolution of cosmic structures. BJÖRN MALTE SCHÄFER is interested in the properties of gravity on very large scales as well as in very specific questions concerning structure formation, such as how galaxies acquire their angular momentum, how they start rotating, and how galaxies interact with surrounding structures. Currently, the understanding of gravity is based on general relativity. A...
Gravity is the decisive force driving the formation and evolution of cosmic structures. BJÖRN MALTE SCHÄFER is interested in the properties of gravity on very large scales as well as in very specific questions concerning structure formation, such as how galaxies acquire their angular momentum, how they start rotating, and how galaxies interact with surrounding structures. Currently, the understanding of gravity is based on general relativity. As is explained in this video, the research group tried to investigate the properties of gravity by making observations on very large scales, i.e. they look at the formation and evolution of structures in the universe, namely galaxies. Applying this method, they have found good evidence to further support the idea of general relativity as the theory of gravity on large scales. This allows to make specific predictions for future surveys and future experiments.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Solar system, Astronomy, Cosmology
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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Can the Perovskite Semiconductor Provide Sufficient Sustainable Energy in the Near Future?
presented by Michael Saliba, 1983- (Latest Thinking), 9 mins
One hour of sunlight is enough to power the entire planet for over a year. MICHAEL SALIBA is a leading scientist who investigates how we can tap into this abundant energy source in order to produce sustainable electricity in the future. As he explains in this video, the perovskite semiconductor – a new material...
Open Access
presented by Michael Saliba, 1983- (Latest Thinking), 9 mins
Description
One hour of sunlight is enough to power the entire planet for over a year. MICHAEL SALIBA is a leading scientist who investigates how we can tap into this abundant energy source in order to produce sustainable electricity in the future. As he explains in this video, the perovskite semiconductor – a new material that was discovered about five years ago – has great potential to advance the use of solar energy. The material also poses problems,...
One hour of sunlight is enough to power the entire planet for over a year. MICHAEL SALIBA is a leading scientist who investigates how we can tap into this abundant energy source in order to produce sustainable electricity in the future. As he explains in this video, the perovskite semiconductor – a new material that was discovered about five years ago – has great potential to advance the use of solar energy. The material also poses problems, however, as it is sensitive to humidity, heat, and light. His research team has found a way to tackle these challenges by creating a new composition that proves more stable and by adding a polymeric protective layer.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Author / Creator
Michael Saliba, 1983-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Electricity
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
ORCID
0000-0002-6818-9781
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Do Weak Topological Insulators Exist Outside Theoretical Mathematical Concepts?
presented by Markus Morgenstern, fl. 1994 (Latest Thinking), 10 mins
Recent research has shown that solid materials can be classified based on their electronic band structure using the abstract mathematical concept of topology. In this video MARKUS MORGENSTERN explains how interdisciplinary research found the first material of a topological type called “weak topological insulator...
Open Access
presented by Markus Morgenstern, fl. 1994 (Latest Thinking), 10 mins
Description
Recent research has shown that solid materials can be classified based on their electronic band structure using the abstract mathematical concept of topology. In this video MARKUS MORGENSTERN explains how interdisciplinary research found the first material of a topological type called “weak topological insulators” and how this might solve problems in the field of quantum computation.
Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Author / Creator
Markus Morgenstern, fl. 1994
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Physics
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
ORCID
0000-0002-3993-6880
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How Are High-Energy Particles Accelerated and What Is Their Impact?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 13 mins
Galaxies are filled with particles traveling very close to the speed of light; these are so-called ultra-relativistic particles. Until recently, it was very difficult to investigate these particles because of a lack of good observational data and they have been rather neglected in the study of astrophysics. As JIM...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 13 mins
Description
Galaxies are filled with particles traveling very close to the speed of light; these are so-called ultra-relativistic particles. Until recently, it was very difficult to investigate these particles because of a lack of good observational data and they have been rather neglected in the study of astrophysics. As JIM HINTON explains in this video, his research group is interested in understanding how these particles influence astrophysical processes...
Galaxies are filled with particles traveling very close to the speed of light; these are so-called ultra-relativistic particles. Until recently, it was very difficult to investigate these particles because of a lack of good observational data and they have been rather neglected in the study of astrophysics. As JIM HINTON explains in this video, his research group is interested in understanding how these particles influence astrophysical processes. For this, they need to find out how and where these particles are accelerated and what their impact is. Focusing on high-energy gamma rays and exploring the morphology and spectrum of the gamma ray emission from their sources, they found – in contrast to what was previously assumed – that the acceleration of particles to such high energies is rather common in nature. The impact of these non-thermal relativistic particles on astrophysical processes cannot be ignored anymore. Thus, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (https://www.cta-observatory.org/) has been initiated; this multinational project will be the world's largest and most sensitive high-energy gamma ray observatory.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Jim Hinton, fl. 1998
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Universe, Astronomy
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can a 3D-Map of Dust Help Measure Distances in our Milky Way?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
The dust in our Milky Way is the constituent of the cosmic life cycle. It is the substance from which new stars are generated and it is what stars become once they die. Unfortunately, as HANS-WALTER RIX explains in this video, the dust turns distance measurements of stars in the Milky Way into a difficult endeavor...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
The dust in our Milky Way is the constituent of the cosmic life cycle. It is the substance from which new stars are generated and it is what stars become once they die. Unfortunately, as HANS-WALTER RIX explains in this video, the dust turns distance measurements of stars in the Milky Way into a difficult endeavor, because it dims objects and blocks light from the material behind it. In his project two common methods of distance measurement are t...
The dust in our Milky Way is the constituent of the cosmic life cycle. It is the substance from which new stars are generated and it is what stars become once they die. Unfortunately, as HANS-WALTER RIX explains in this video, the dust turns distance measurements of stars in the Milky Way into a difficult endeavor, because it dims objects and blocks light from the material behind it. In his project two common methods of distance measurement are therefore used in combination to sketch a 3D map of Milky Way dust: first the parallax, which uses the orbit character of the earth in order to check on the stars’ respective positions, and second, the calculated brightness of stars which allows for an estimate concerning the amount of dust in front of each star. The so created 3D map helps to limit errors in distance calculations due to a feasible dust exclusion, made possible by the localization of dust. The conversion of observed quantities into physical quantities thus becomes possible.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Space
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can New States of Matter Be Generated on a Theoretical Level?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
The theory of materials science investigates the electronic and structural properties of advanced materials, nano-structures and bio-molecules. In the study explained in this video, the researchers present a novel theoretical method to describe, design and control how molecules and materials in combination with ph...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
The theory of materials science investigates the electronic and structural properties of advanced materials, nano-structures and bio-molecules. In the study explained in this video, the researchers present a novel theoretical method to describe, design and control how molecules and materials in combination with photons may lead to new states of matter with novel emerging properties. The research aims to theoretically find and define new states of...
The theory of materials science investigates the electronic and structural properties of advanced materials, nano-structures and bio-molecules. In the study explained in this video, the researchers present a novel theoretical method to describe, design and control how molecules and materials in combination with photons may lead to new states of matter with novel emerging properties. The research aims to theoretically find and define new states of matter and potential uses for this new phenomenon, in which atoms, electrons and photons are all entangled. ANGEL RUBIO elucidates why this phenomenon is special for chemistry, for materials science and for the more general concept of finding new quasi particles. The research on new states of matter might be relevant not only for practical applications but also for opening new fundamental research in materials science. A practical application in (bio)chemistry would be to target specific cell-reactions; in materials science, one long term perspective would be to develop more energy efficient devices.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Angel Rubio, 1965-
Person Discussed
Angel Rubio, 1965-
Topic / Theme
Physics, Chemistry, Physicists
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can Plasma and Proton Beams Be Used in Building Next Generation Particle Accelerators?
presented by Allen Caldwell, 1959- (Latest Thinking, 2017), 15 mins
The greatest developments in particle physics have been achieved with the help of particle accelerators. To answer open questions on particles, even stronger accelerators are needed but conventional technology encounters limits. The new "plasma-wakefield acceleration" technology is designed to build high performan...
Open Access
presented by Allen Caldwell, 1959- (Latest Thinking, 2017), 15 mins
Description
The greatest developments in particle physics have been achieved with the help of particle accelerators. To answer open questions on particles, even stronger accelerators are needed but conventional technology encounters limits. The new "plasma-wakefield acceleration" technology is designed to build high performance accelerators that are more compact. As ALLEN CALDWELL explains, the basic idea is to generate a plasma wave that pushes the particle...
The greatest developments in particle physics have been achieved with the help of particle accelerators. To answer open questions on particles, even stronger accelerators are needed but conventional technology encounters limits. The new "plasma-wakefield acceleration" technology is designed to build high performance accelerators that are more compact. As ALLEN CALDWELL explains, the basic idea is to generate a plasma wave that pushes the particles forward. As is shown in this video, energizing the plasma with a proton beam instead of a laser pulse allows to create an electric field of much longer distance.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Author / Creator
Allen Caldwell, 1959-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Scientific research, Physics
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
ORCID
0000-0003-0244-5129
×
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How Can the Enantiomers of a Chiral Molecule be Separated More Effectively?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 20 mins
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MO...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 20 mins
Description
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MORGENSTERN and his research team investigate access to these pure enantiomers. To achieve this, they work on separating the two enantiom...
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MORGENSTERN and his research team investigate access to these pure enantiomers. To achieve this, they work on separating the two enantiomers, complementing alternative approaches devoted to synthesize just one of them. For this, they use racemic mixtures – which contain equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule – and then split these racemates. The separation process they managed to develop for this, as is described in this video, allows them to produce larger quantities of pure enantiomers from cheap available mixtures than was possible before. This means that these can now also be produced more effectively in industrial contexts.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern, 1956-
Person Discussed
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern, 1956-
Topic / Theme
Chemistry, Scientific research, Drugs and pharmaceuticals
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can the Statistical Properties of a Turbulent Flow Be Calculated?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particl...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particle Tracking Technique: The researchers focused on a single particle in a fluid and followed it through the flow, both numerically and ex...
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particle Tracking Technique: The researchers focused on a single particle in a fluid and followed it through the flow, both numerically and experimentally using tracers. By tracking more than three thousand particles at a given time, the researchers derived statistics of the particle motion in the flow. This way, they are able to predict turbulences in the flow and prove that these turbulences are irreversible. This irreversibility, in turn, shows that vortex stretching is really at the basis of a turbulent flow.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Eberhard Bodenschatz, 1959-
Person Discussed
Eberhard Bodenschatz, 1959-
Topic / Theme
Science curriculums, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can the Statistical Properties of Cosmic Structures Be Calculated with Simple Physical Laws?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do....
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do. The researchers employed concepts of statistical field theory and could therefore use much simpler dynamical equations. They applied th...
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do. The researchers employed concepts of statistical field theory and could therefore use much simpler dynamical equations. They applied this new approach to describe the power spectrum of cosmic structures, i.e. the degree to which cosmic matter clusters. They thus obtained the same results as the numerical simulations, but in a much simpler way that saves considerable amounts of computation time, reducing it from months to a matter of seventy seconds. This will allow researchers to gain a much better understanding of the formation of cosmic structures in a feasible amount of time.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Matthias Bartelmann, 1965-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Universe, Cosmology
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
