Browse Titles - 7 results
How Can Biomaterial Scaffolds Help to Repair Damaged Spinal Cords by Guiding Nerves to Grow Across the Injury?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
In the 1980s researchers showed that damaged nerves in the spinal cord have the ability to regrow. Chemical engineers contribute to the field of spinal cord repair by developing biomaterial scaffolds that support cell and nerve growth inside the body after an injury. In the research project explained by LAURA DE L...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
In the 1980s researchers showed that damaged nerves in the spinal cord have the ability to regrow. Chemical engineers contribute to the field of spinal cord repair by developing biomaterial scaffolds that support cell and nerve growth inside the body after an injury. In the research project explained by LAURA DE LAPORTE in this video, such scaffolds were developed and tested: The special architecture of the developed structures uses oriented chan...
In the 1980s researchers showed that damaged nerves in the spinal cord have the ability to regrow. Chemical engineers contribute to the field of spinal cord repair by developing biomaterial scaffolds that support cell and nerve growth inside the body after an injury. In the research project explained by LAURA DE LAPORTE in this video, such scaffolds were developed and tested: The special architecture of the developed structures uses oriented channels to guide the nerves to grow across the site of injury. Moreover, delivering DNA via the scaffolds resulted in growth of specific proteins that further stimulated the nerve cells to grow. The research project shows that the developed scaffolds can be used twofold: As an architecture, a physical help for the nerves to grow, but also to deliver significant crucial growth factors that are necessary to further stimulate spinal cord repair.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Laura De Laporte, fl. 2004
Person Discussed
Laura De Laporte, fl. 2004
Topic / Theme
Medical tools, Medical treatments and procedures, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Help Detect, Visualize, and Treat Strokes?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Stroke is one of the most frequent neurological disorders, befalling over 250.000 persons each year in Germany alone. The research underlying this video explores the role of non-invasive methods for stroke diagnosis and therapy. The use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which produces image-signals...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
Stroke is one of the most frequent neurological disorders, befalling over 250.000 persons each year in Germany alone. The research underlying this video explores the role of non-invasive methods for stroke diagnosis and therapy. The use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which produces image-signals on the basis of the oxygen-concentration in the blood, allows for the detection of increased or decreased activity in the brain. ARNO V...
Stroke is one of the most frequent neurological disorders, befalling over 250.000 persons each year in Germany alone. The research underlying this video explores the role of non-invasive methods for stroke diagnosis and therapy. The use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which produces image-signals on the basis of the oxygen-concentration in the blood, allows for the detection of increased or decreased activity in the brain. ARNO VILLRINGER explains how this method helps detect affected networks of the brain in the acute phase and enables a tracking progress in the chronic phase of a stroke: The networks of disturbed blood flow in the brain correspond to changes in the neurological functions of the patient. By identifying and visualizing the affected areas non-invasively a continuous monitoring of the patient and a targeted application of treatments, e.g. magnetic stimulation or drugs, is possible and is already tested in clinical studies.
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Field of Study
Medical Imaging
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Arno Villringer, 1958-
Person Discussed
Arno Villringer, 1958-
Topic / Theme
Strokes, Medical treatments and procedures, Brain
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can Magnetic Resonance Imaging Be Improved for Early Disease Detection?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 7 mins
The technique of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or short MRI, is a useful and widely used tool in clinical diagnostics. However, the current MRI techniques are not sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of drugs or disease related molecules. LEIF SCHRÖDER explains that MRI is typically based on the detection...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 7 mins
Description
The technique of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or short MRI, is a useful and widely used tool in clinical diagnostics. However, the current MRI techniques are not sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of drugs or disease related molecules. LEIF SCHRÖDER explains that MRI is typically based on the detection of water molecules. However, the high water concentration that is always present in the body creates a strong background signal obstruc...
The technique of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or short MRI, is a useful and widely used tool in clinical diagnostics. However, the current MRI techniques are not sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of drugs or disease related molecules. LEIF SCHRÖDER explains that MRI is typically based on the detection of water molecules. However, the high water concentration that is always present in the body creates a strong background signal obstructing the signal of dilute molecules so only substances at higher concentrations can be found. In the new approach presented in this video, the researchers used the noble gas Xenon, manipulated its magnetic properties and paired it with a contrast agent which senses specific molecules related to cancer. With this technique, they managed to visualize also molecules in very low concentrations as it is the case for early onset cancer. This approach can help to spot diseases at a very early stage or support drug development.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Leif Schröder, fl. 2009
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Biology, Cancer
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Does the Enzyme MOF Work as a Molecular Bridge between Epigenetics and Metabolism?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 7 mins
All cells in our bodies contain the same genetic information. Yet, these cells make up very different parts of the body like liver, heart, and eyes. This is achieved by expressing certain genes and inactivating others. The protein MOF is known to play an important role in this process: DNA does not flow freely in...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 7 mins
Description
All cells in our bodies contain the same genetic information. Yet, these cells make up very different parts of the body like liver, heart, and eyes. This is achieved by expressing certain genes and inactivating others. The protein MOF is known to play an important role in this process: DNA does not flow freely in the cell nucleus but is packaged by histone proteins. There, MOF facilitates reading the genetic information encoded in the DNA by modi...
All cells in our bodies contain the same genetic information. Yet, these cells make up very different parts of the body like liver, heart, and eyes. This is achieved by expressing certain genes and inactivating others. The protein MOF is known to play an important role in this process: DNA does not flow freely in the cell nucleus but is packaged by histone proteins. There, MOF facilitates reading the genetic information encoded in the DNA by modifying the histones. ASIFA AKHTAR describes in this video how the researchers were surprised to find that, in mammals, MOF is not only present in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. To understand which role MOF plays in both locations, the team employed confocal microscopy, biochemistry and genetics to study the effect of removing the protein from the cell. Their findings indicate that MOF controls gene expression both in the nucleus and the mitochondria. This implicates a link between gene expression and metabolism control which might provide a new perspective on how changes in the environment that influence the metabolism can impinge on the expression of genes.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Asifa Akhtar, fl. 2001
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Asifa Akhtar, fl. 2001
Person Discussed
Asifa Akhtar, fl. 2001
Topic / Theme
Biology, Genetics
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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A New Generation of X-ray Detectors
presented by Hashini Thirimanne, fl. 2017; produced by University of Surrey (Surrey, England: University of Surrey, 2017), 3 mins
Winner of the 2017 University of Surrey competition.
Winner of the 2017 University of Surrey competition. X-ray detectors find uses in many areas, such as healthcare, homeland security, environmental monitoring, and academic research. Current solid-state detectors are made from rigid, brittle materials making them expensive to manufacture and susceptible to physical...
Open Access
presented by Hashini Thirimanne, fl. 2017; produced by University of Surrey (Surrey, England: University of Surrey, 2017), 3 mins
Description
Winner of the 2017 University of Surrey competition. X-ray detectors find uses in many areas, such as healthcare, homeland security, environmental monitoring, and academic research. Current solid-state detectors are made from rigid, brittle materials making them expensive to manufacture and susceptible to physical damage, thus limiting their size. These issues are addressed by our novel X-ray detector, made by printing an ‘X-ray sensitive ink..
Winner of the 2017 University of Surrey competition. X-ray detectors find uses in many areas, such as healthcare, homeland security, environmental monitoring, and academic research. Current solid-state detectors are made from rigid, brittle materials making them expensive to manufacture and susceptible to physical damage, thus limiting their size. These issues are addressed by our novel X-ray detector, made by printing an ‘X-ray sensitive ink’ on any surface, up to any size. These detectors are 100 times more sensitive than established solid-state detector technologies. They are flexible, and thinner than paper, allowing them to conform to any desired shape, and they can be operated using wrist watch batteries. This new generation of detectors produce an electrical response when exposed to an X-ray and can be used in many applications, such as dose evaluation during cancer therapy, portable security screening, and medical imaging in the field, amongst others.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Lecture/presentation
Contributor
University of Surrey
Author / Creator
Hashini Thirimanne, fl. 2017
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
University of Surrey
Topic / Theme
Scientific research, Technology, Medical facilities, Medical treatments and procedures
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To Which Extent Do Genetics Determine the Composition of the Gut Microbiome?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 5 mins
The gut microbiome has a significant influence on various diseases ranging from malnutrition to chronic inflammation. It is largely shaped by environmental factors, like diet and lifestyle. How the genetics of the individual affect the composition of the microbiome, however, was largely unknown. RUTH LEY explains...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 5 mins
Description
The gut microbiome has a significant influence on various diseases ranging from malnutrition to chronic inflammation. It is largely shaped by environmental factors, like diet and lifestyle. How the genetics of the individual affect the composition of the microbiome, however, was largely unknown. RUTH LEY explains in this video that the research team addressed this question by comparing the microbiome of over 1000 twin pairs based on DNA extracted...
The gut microbiome has a significant influence on various diseases ranging from malnutrition to chronic inflammation. It is largely shaped by environmental factors, like diet and lifestyle. How the genetics of the individual affect the composition of the microbiome, however, was largely unknown. RUTH LEY explains in this video that the research team addressed this question by comparing the microbiome of over 1000 twin pairs based on DNA extracted from their stool samples. These comparisons allowed the researchers to compile a list of heritable microbes, top of which is a family of bacteria called the Christensenellaceae. One key finding was that the microbiome of lean individuals contains more of this type of bacteria as compared to the microbiome of obese people. Further experiments showed that, if Christensenellaceae are given to germ free mice, their amount of body fat is reduced. These results might lead to novel therapeutic approaches to obesity and associated diseases.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Ruth E. Ley, 1970-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Ruth E. Ley, 1970-
Person Discussed
Ruth E. Ley, 1970-
Topic / Theme
Health care issues, Obesity, Genetics
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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Which Functions Do the Noncoding Parts of Human RNA Have in Metastasis Formation of Lung Cancer Cells?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Parts of the human RNA that are not translated into proteins may still have an important function. As SVEN DIEDERICHS explains in this video, the occurrence of the RNA gene Malat-1 makes the difference between lung cancer with and without metastasis. By first identifying Malat-1 as the molecular difference between...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Description
Parts of the human RNA that are not translated into proteins may still have an important function. As SVEN DIEDERICHS explains in this video, the occurrence of the RNA gene Malat-1 makes the difference between lung cancer with and without metastasis. By first identifying Malat-1 as the molecular difference between patients and then silencing this RNA gene, it was found that Malat-1 could be a viable target to suppress development of metastasis in...
Parts of the human RNA that are not translated into proteins may still have an important function. As SVEN DIEDERICHS explains in this video, the occurrence of the RNA gene Malat-1 makes the difference between lung cancer with and without metastasis. By first identifying Malat-1 as the molecular difference between patients and then silencing this RNA gene, it was found that Malat-1 could be a viable target to suppress development of metastasis in lung cancer therapy.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Sven Diederichs, fl. 2013
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Cancer therapies, Cancer, Biology
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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