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6 Battle for the Gulf, 4 of 6, The 19th Province
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 4 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 51 mins
The Cairo conference, the diplomatic offensive, the exodus of refugees from Kuwait, the military mobilization and the Allied decision to go on the offensive on November 8th, 1990. The occupation of Kuwait, the organisation of the resistance, the military build-up of 700,000 troops and the final diplomatic rounds....
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in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 4 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 51 mins
Description
The Cairo conference, the diplomatic offensive, the exodus of refugees from Kuwait, the military mobilization and the Allied decision to go on the offensive on November 8th, 1990. The occupation of Kuwait, the organisation of the resistance, the military build-up of 700,000 troops and the final diplomatic rounds. The Geneva conference. The air war, the retaliatory Scud missile attacks on Israel and the ground offensive to the moment of Iraq’s s...
The Cairo conference, the diplomatic offensive, the exodus of refugees from Kuwait, the military mobilization and the Allied decision to go on the offensive on November 8th, 1990. The occupation of Kuwait, the organisation of the resistance, the military build-up of 700,000 troops and the final diplomatic rounds. The Geneva conference. The air war, the retaliatory Scud missile attacks on Israel and the ground offensive to the moment of Iraq’s surrender.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Documentary
Contributor
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Date Published / Released
2001
Publisher
SW Pictures
Series
6 Battle for the Gulf
Speaker / Narrator
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Person Discussed
Saud Nasser Al-Saud Al-Sabah, 1944-2012, Ebraheem M. H. Behbahani, fl. 1990, Abdullah Al-Khandari, fl. 1990, Salem Al-Ali Al-Sabah, 1926-, Salem Al-Dayed, fl. 1990, Mahmoud Al-Doussari, fl. 1990, Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, 1930-2008, Barbara Bodine, 1948-, Salem Abdulaziz Al Sabah, fl. 1990, Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, James Addison Baker, 1930-, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006, No...
Saud Nasser Al-Saud Al-Sabah, 1944-2012, Ebraheem M. H. Behbahani, fl. 1990, Abdullah Al-Khandari, fl. 1990, Salem Al-Ali Al-Sabah, 1926-, Salem Al-Dayed, fl. 1990, Mahmoud Al-Doussari, fl. 1990, Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, 1930-2008, Barbara Bodine, 1948-, Salem Abdulaziz Al Sabah, fl. 1990, Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, James Addison Baker, 1930-, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006, Norman Schwarzkopf, 1934-, Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, 1929-
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Topic / Theme
Iraq (1970s - Present), International sanctions, Diplomatic missions, Air raids, Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988, History, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, Law, British, Americans, Iraqis, Kuwaitis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Copyright © 2001 SW Pictures
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6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6, A Different Kind of War
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb h...
Sample
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
Description
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower....
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower. With Baghdad’s air defence headquarters destroyed and its radar system in chaos, hundreds of Iraq’s fighters couldn’t operate. Only a few struggled into the air. With hundreds of allied aircraft flying, AWACS planes packed with computer equipment helped control the battle. On the first night the coalition armada systematically attacked Iraq’s war machine. The factories that made chemical and biological weapons, the Scud missile plants – in all over 200 different targets were hit. It was a new benchmark in the history of warfare, the first time the world had seen precision bombing on a vast scale. And defying all expectations, only one allied pilot, an American, had been killed. With air superiority established over the Iraqis, the coalition air planners were now confident enough to launch conventional aircraft on massive daylight raids. When Saddam met with his ministers after the first night’s bombing, he had already ordered action he believed would shatter the coalition of Western and Arab countries attacking Iraq. Scud missile launchers hidden in the desert fired at Israel. The Scuds were fired indiscriminately at Israel’s largest city. Saddam calculated the Israelis would retaliate and join the conflict. The Arabs in the coalition would then refuse to fight alongside Israel. The coalition would collapse and so would the war. Soon more Scuds were on the way. Israel’s nuclear forces now went on full alert. Sixty Israeli jets took to the skies. Early warning radar appeared to show Iraqi bombers headed for Israel. In the Pentagon, the defence secretary picked up the hotline to Tel Aviv. Israeli retaliation seemed inevitable. The Israeli Army reported nerve gas in the debris of one of the missiles. Israelis prepared for the worst. Ultimately, none of the eight Scuds that landed proved to have chemical warheads. After some discussion, Baghdad had decided the Israelis might retaliate against a chemical attack with nuclear weapons. The man who would decide what happened next was Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. He and George Bush disliked each other and when Bush telephoned him, Shamir angrily told the president that if America couldn’t stop the Scuds, the Israeli Air Force would. The Israeli Defence Minister, Moshe Arens, told us that Bush said to Shamir, pleaded with Shamir, tried to cajole Shamir that Israel not take any military action, that this would be injurious to the allied cause, that in the final analysis, that this would also be injurious to Israel’s cause. Shamir told us what he said to Bush – “It’s very difficult, Mr. President. It’s very difficult. I don’t know what the day of tomorrow will bring, but at this moment, we will act accordingly, accordingly with your concepts.” On February 21st, forty-eight hours before the ground attack was due, Iraq’s foreign minister, Tariq Aziz, arrived in Moscow. Saddam’s admission that he was willing to withdraw from Kuwait had led to some frantic Soviet diplomacy to save their old ally from defeat. Aziz went straight to the Kremlin. The Soviet president was waiting. Aziz told Gorbachev Saddam wouldn’t accept the U.N. resolutions that called for Iraq to recognize Kuwait’s independence and pay it compensation. But, he said, Iraq would withdraw from Kuwait. Gorbachev thought this was good enough. He called the White House. The president summoned his key advisors to discuss the Soviet offer. If Iraq withdrew, it would mean no bloody ground war, but Saddam would walk away unpunished, his war machine undefeated. At dawn the president called Gorbachev to tell him the deal was unacceptable. Bush’s carefully crafted international coalition was fragmenting. The French president, Francois Mitterrand, called to demand more time for diplomacy. As hundreds of oil wells blazed across Kuwait, the president issued a final ultimatum. Saddam ignored the warning. To obey, he believed, would have humiliated him in the eyes of the Arab world. Within a month of the air war, the ground war by the Allies began to force Iraqi troops out of Kuwait. It was a very short and comprehensive victory.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Documentary
Contributor
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Date Published / Released
2001
Publisher
SW Pictures
Series
6 Battle for the Gulf
Speaker / Narrator
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Person Discussed
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahm...
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahmoud Hadary, fl. 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev, 1931-, Norman Schwarzkopf, 1934-, Bernard Shaw, 1940-, Walter Cronkite, 1916-2009, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006
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Topic / Theme
Iraq (1970s - Present), Escalation (Conflict), Military alliances, Air raids, Persian Gulf War, 1991, Political and Social Movements, War and Violence, History, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, Law, Russians, Arabs, Israelis, Iraqis, Americans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2001 SW Pictures
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Activities in Northern Burma, August 6, 1956
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Subject Files 1949-1958 - Border Incursions, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (06 August 1956), Box 1, 320.0024 Border Incursion 1956 , 2 page(s)
Sample
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Subject Files 1949-1958 - Border Incursions, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (06 August 1956), Box 1, 320.0024 Border Incursion 1956 , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
06 August 1956, 1956
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Burma and Thailand Border, Military encampments, Military maneuvers, Military units, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, French, Chinese, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Field of Study
World History
Content Type
General reference website
Date Published / Released
1965
Publisher
UN Peacemaker
Topic / Theme
India and Pakistan Border, War, Political boundaries, History, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Field of Study
World History
Content Type
General reference website
Date Published / Released
1972
Publisher
UN Peacemaker
Topic / Theme
India and Pakistan Border, Political boundaries, War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Bangladesh Liberation War, March 26-December 16, 1971, History, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Balkan Files, 1947-1950, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1947), Box 32, Border , 6 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1947
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Bulgaria, Macedonia, and the Balkans Borders, Lines of defense, Police surveillance, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, Bulgarians, Greeks, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Banat Ya'qub September 1953-Present
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1953), Box 2, Arab-Israeli Border Incidents Reports , 2 page(s)
Sample
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Intelligence Research Files of Herbert A. Fine Relating to the Palestinian Problem, 1947-1971, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1953), Box 2, Arab-Israeli Border Incidents Reports , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1953
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria Borders, Violence, Military raids, Truces, Political boundaries, Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1949-, Politics & Policy, Syrians, Israelis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Caravans to Oblivion: The Armenian Genocide, 1915
written by G. S. Graber, fl. 1995 (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1996, originally published 1996), 228 page(s)
Acclaimed author and historian G.S. Graber has crafted a searing narrative of "the forgotten genocide." Using newly available sources, Graber offers definitive proof - denied even today by the Turkish government - that there was nothing less than a centrally organized government attempt to systematically eliminate...
Sample
written by G. S. Graber, fl. 1995 (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1996, originally published 1996), 228 page(s)
Description
Acclaimed author and historian G.S. Graber has crafted a searing narrative of "the forgotten genocide." Using newly available sources, Graber offers definitive proof - denied even today by the Turkish government - that there was nothing less than a centrally organized government attempt to systematically eliminate the Armenian population in 1915. Placing the events of this effort within a broader historical context, the author brings insight and...
Acclaimed author and historian G.S. Graber has crafted a searing narrative of "the forgotten genocide." Using newly available sources, Graber offers definitive proof - denied even today by the Turkish government - that there was nothing less than a centrally organized government attempt to systematically eliminate the Armenian population in 1915. Placing the events of this effort within a broader historical context, the author brings insight and perspective to the political, economic, and cultural upheaval that led to the murder of over one million Armenian men, women, and children. Firsthand accounts recall the climate that ignited the flames of anti-Armenian sentiment as the Ottoman Empire collapsed and a new leadership emerged. The political party of the Young Turks, Ittihad ve Teraki (the Turkish Committee of Union and Progress), espoused the notion of Turanism, a mythic glorification of Turkish ethnic identity, and was devoted to restoring Turkey's shattered national pride. And even though Armenians had distinguished themselves as productive and loyal citizens in times of peace and able-bodied soldiers in times of war, they were now branded as traitorous enemies, destroying Turkey from within. The tragic fate of the Armenian people would be sealed by the political maneuvering of foreign powers eager to capitalize on the fall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Graber examines how and why the West - principally France and Great Britain - was eager to look the other way. Following a pattern that the engineers of modern genocide would repeat time and time again, the Turks systematically gathered Armenian men and used them as slave labor before executing them en masse. The women and children were then packed into caravans for "relocation." Most would die along the way from disease and exposure. Those who survived would be shot on some arid plain, which would become their final destination. The slaughter of the Armenians, and the diplomatic backsliding that precipitated it, would serve as an all-too-efficient blueprint. In the twentieth century, genocides decimated over 119 million people worldwide - 84 million more than the number who died in both world wars and all the revolutions and civil wars fought in this century combined. More than a compelling chronicle, Caravans to Oblivion offers chilling insight into how genocide happens.
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Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
G. S. Graber, fl. 1995
Date Published / Released
1996
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons
Topic / Theme
Ottoman Empire and Armenia (1914-1922), Turk, Armenian, Slavery, Ethnic conflict, Atrocities, Genocide, Armenian Massacre, Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916, Politics & Policy, Sociology, History, Origins, Documentation of Crimes, Turkish, Armenians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 1996 by Wiley-Blackwell
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Central Africa: At the Heart of the Conflict
directed by Olivier Azpitarte, fl. 2013 and Camille Courcy, fl. 2013; produced by Pierre Maraval, fl. 2003 (Prime Entertainment Group, 2014), 53 mins
Synopsis. English Synopsis:In a country in civil war, we are at the heart of power in a failed state, we're going to fight alongside regular forces, we travel in the bush with the rebels ... On escalation of violence between religious communities background we live with the French Army circumstances of high-risk....
Sample
directed by Olivier Azpitarte, fl. 2013 and Camille Courcy, fl. 2013; produced by Pierre Maraval, fl. 2003 (Prime Entertainment Group, 2014), 53 mins
Description
Synopsis. English Synopsis:In a country in civil war, we are at the heart of power in a failed state, we're going to fight alongside regular forces, we travel in the bush with the rebels ... On escalation of violence between religious communities background we live with the French Army circumstances of high-risk.
French Synopsis:Dans un pays en guerre civile, nous sommes au cœur du pouvoir, dans un État en déliquescence, nous allons au comba...
Synopsis. English Synopsis:In a country in civil war, we are at the heart of power in a failed state, we're going to fight alongside regular forces, we travel in the bush with the rebels ... On escalation of violence between religious communities background we live with the French Army circumstances of high-risk.
French Synopsis:Dans un pays en guerre civile, nous sommes au cœur du pouvoir, dans un État en déliquescence, nous allons au combat aux côtés des forces régulières, nous voyageons en brousse aux côtés des rebelles… Sur fond d’escalade de la violence entre communautés religieuses, nous vivons avec l’Armée Française une situation à haut-risque.
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Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Documentary
Contributor
Pierre Maraval, fl. 2003, Marine Jacquemin, fl. 2007
Author / Creator
Olivier Azpitarte, fl. 2013, Camille Courcy, fl. 2013
Date Published / Released
2014
Publisher
Prime Entertainment Group
Speaker / Narrator
Marine Jacquemin, fl. 2007
Person Discussed
Michel Djotodia, 1949-
Topic / Theme
Revolution and Protest context, Political violence, War victims, Rebellions, Religious communities, Civil war, Politics & Policy, French, Africans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2014 Prime Entertainment Group
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China and Vietnam Image Collection
(London, England: Bridgeman Art Library), 16 page(s)
Collection of maps, images and photographs documenting relations between China and Vietnam. Images include colorful paintings of battles during the Qing invasion of Vietnam in the mountains and at sea. Photographs include the Great Wall of China, soldiers, and an open-air marketplace at the base of the mountains s...
Sample
(London, England: Bridgeman Art Library), 16 page(s)
Description
Collection of maps, images and photographs documenting relations between China and Vietnam. Images include colorful paintings of battles during the Qing invasion of Vietnam in the mountains and at sea. Photographs include the Great Wall of China, soldiers, and an open-air marketplace at the base of the mountains selling cigarettes and perfume.
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Photo-essay
Publisher
Bridgeman Art Library
Topic / Theme
China and its Borders, Political boundaries, History, Politics & Policy, Geography, Vietnamese, Chinese, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000), Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
Copyright Message
Copyright © Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin, Germany / © DHM / Bridgeman Images
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