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6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6, A Different Kind of War
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb h...
Sample
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
Description
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower....
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower. With Baghdad’s air defence headquarters destroyed and its radar system in chaos, hundreds of Iraq’s fighters couldn’t operate. Only a few struggled into the air. With hundreds of allied aircraft flying, AWACS planes packed with computer equipment helped control the battle. On the first night the coalition armada systematically attacked Iraq’s war machine. The factories that made chemical and biological weapons, the Scud missile plants – in all over 200 different targets were hit. It was a new benchmark in the history of warfare, the first time the world had seen precision bombing on a vast scale. And defying all expectations, only one allied pilot, an American, had been killed. With air superiority established over the Iraqis, the coalition air planners were now confident enough to launch conventional aircraft on massive daylight raids. When Saddam met with his ministers after the first night’s bombing, he had already ordered action he believed would shatter the coalition of Western and Arab countries attacking Iraq. Scud missile launchers hidden in the desert fired at Israel. The Scuds were fired indiscriminately at Israel’s largest city. Saddam calculated the Israelis would retaliate and join the conflict. The Arabs in the coalition would then refuse to fight alongside Israel. The coalition would collapse and so would the war. Soon more Scuds were on the way. Israel’s nuclear forces now went on full alert. Sixty Israeli jets took to the skies. Early warning radar appeared to show Iraqi bombers headed for Israel. In the Pentagon, the defence secretary picked up the hotline to Tel Aviv. Israeli retaliation seemed inevitable. The Israeli Army reported nerve gas in the debris of one of the missiles. Israelis prepared for the worst. Ultimately, none of the eight Scuds that landed proved to have chemical warheads. After some discussion, Baghdad had decided the Israelis might retaliate against a chemical attack with nuclear weapons. The man who would decide what happened next was Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. He and George Bush disliked each other and when Bush telephoned him, Shamir angrily told the president that if America couldn’t stop the Scuds, the Israeli Air Force would. The Israeli Defence Minister, Moshe Arens, told us that Bush said to Shamir, pleaded with Shamir, tried to cajole Shamir that Israel not take any military action, that this would be injurious to the allied cause, that in the final analysis, that this would also be injurious to Israel’s cause. Shamir told us what he said to Bush – “It’s very difficult, Mr. President. It’s very difficult. I don’t know what the day of tomorrow will bring, but at this moment, we will act accordingly, accordingly with your concepts.” On February 21st, forty-eight hours before the ground attack was due, Iraq’s foreign minister, Tariq Aziz, arrived in Moscow. Saddam’s admission that he was willing to withdraw from Kuwait had led to some frantic Soviet diplomacy to save their old ally from defeat. Aziz went straight to the Kremlin. The Soviet president was waiting. Aziz told Gorbachev Saddam wouldn’t accept the U.N. resolutions that called for Iraq to recognize Kuwait’s independence and pay it compensation. But, he said, Iraq would withdraw from Kuwait. Gorbachev thought this was good enough. He called the White House. The president summoned his key advisors to discuss the Soviet offer. If Iraq withdrew, it would mean no bloody ground war, but Saddam would walk away unpunished, his war machine undefeated. At dawn the president called Gorbachev to tell him the deal was unacceptable. Bush’s carefully crafted international coalition was fragmenting. The French president, Francois Mitterrand, called to demand more time for diplomacy. As hundreds of oil wells blazed across Kuwait, the president issued a final ultimatum. Saddam ignored the warning. To obey, he believed, would have humiliated him in the eyes of the Arab world. Within a month of the air war, the ground war by the Allies began to force Iraqi troops out of Kuwait. It was a very short and comprehensive victory.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Documentary
Contributor
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Date Published / Released
2001
Publisher
SW Pictures
Series
6 Battle for the Gulf
Speaker / Narrator
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Person Discussed
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahm...
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahmoud Hadary, fl. 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev, 1931-, Norman Schwarzkopf, 1934-, Bernard Shaw, 1940-, Walter Cronkite, 1916-2009, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006
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Topic / Theme
Iraq (1970s - Present), Escalation (Conflict), Military alliances, Air raids, Persian Gulf War, 1991, Political and Social Movements, War and Violence, History, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, Law, Russians, Arabs, Israelis, Iraqis, Americans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2001 SW Pictures
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Confidential Memo from Fourth Corps to U.S. Fifth Army Headquarters Discussing Dispute Between French Forces and Allied Military Government...
written by United States. Army, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 2 page(s)
Sample
written by United States. Army, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
United States. Army
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Military alliances, World War II, 1939-1945, Politics & Policy, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Copy of Cable from Alexander to 15 AG, and Forwarded to CG, 5 Army - Undated
written by Harold Alexander, 1891-1969, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 2 page(s)
Sample
written by Harold Alexander, 1891-1969, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Harold Alexander, 1891-1969
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Political boundaries, Military alliances, World War II, 1939-1945, Politics & Policy, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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[Draft] Employment of the 34th Infantry Division
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 2 page(s)
Sample
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Military occupation, Military alliances, World War II, 1939-1945, Politics & Policy, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Employment of the 34th Infantry Division, May 13, 1945
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (13 May 1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 3 page(s)
Sample
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (13 May 1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 3 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
13 May 1945, 1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Military occupation, Military alliances, World War II, 1939-1945, Politics & Policy, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Hand-Written Note from Gen. Truscott to C/S Discussing ''French Situation''
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 1 page(s)
A hand-written note from U.S. Gen. Lucian Truscott, apparently to a superior officer, mentions that he has directed Gen. Crittenberger to make certain plans, and named military units that might be used to carry them out. A notation at the bottom in red crayon indicates the subject of the note is the ''French situa...
Sample
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 1 page(s)
Description
A hand-written note from U.S. Gen. Lucian Truscott, apparently to a superior officer, mentions that he has directed Gen. Crittenberger to make certain plans, and named military units that might be used to carry them out. A notation at the bottom in red crayon indicates the subject of the note is the ''French situation.''
Date Written / Recorded
1945
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965
Person Discussed
Willis D. Crittenberger, 1890-1980
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Military alliances, World War II, 1939-1945, Politics & Policy, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Joint Aerial Patrol Along the Mexican Border, April 28, 1920
written by Newton Diehl Baker, 1871-1937, in Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs (RG165), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1920), Office of the Chief of Staff Correspondence, 1918-1921, Mexican Border 301-349 , 4 page(s)
Sample
written by Newton Diehl Baker, 1871-1937, in Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs (RG165), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1920), Office of the Chief of Staff Correspondence, 1918-1921, Mexican Border 301-349 , 4 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1920
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Newton Diehl Baker, 1871-1937
Person Discussed
Joseph T. Dickman, 1857-1927, Chas. T. Menoher, 1862-1930
Topic / Theme
Mexico and the United States Border, Air forces, Military alliances, Mexican Revolution, 1910-1920, Politics & Policy, Diplomacy, Mexicans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Memo from Fourth Corps to U.S. Fifth Army HQ on French Resistance to Allied Military Gov't in No. Italy, May 1945
written by United States. Army, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (May 1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 1 page(s)
Sample
written by United States. Army, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (May 1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 1 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
May 1945, 1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
United States. Army
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Military alliances, World War II, 1939-1945, Politics & Policy, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Memo from Harry N. Howard to W. O. Baxter re: Incidents on Northern Greek Frontiers: Some Official Statements from Govts. of Greece, Albania...
written by Harry N. Howard, 1902-1987, in General Records of the Department of State, 1763 - 2002 (RG59). Balkan Files, 1947 - 1950 (A1 1428), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1947), Box 32, Border , 11 page(s)
Sample
written by Harry N. Howard, 1902-1987, in General Records of the Department of State, 1763 - 2002 (RG59). Balkan Files, 1947 - 1950 (A1 1428), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1947), Box 32, Border , 11 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1947
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Harry N. Howard, 1902-1987
Person Discussed
Kimon Georgiev, 1882-1969, Konstantinos Tsaldaris, 1884-1970, Enver Hoxha, 1908-
Topic / Theme
Bulgaria, Macedonia, and the Balkans Borders, Treaties, Military alliances, Attacks (Battles), Political boundaries, Greek Civil War, 1944-1949, History, Politics & Policy, Yugoslavs, Albanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Memo from Lt. Gen. L. K. Truscott to Commanding General, 15th Army Group, on French Attempt to Occupy No. Italy, June 2, 1945
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (02 June 1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 3 page(s)
Sample
written by Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (02 June 1945), Box 1, Folder 56-8-12-125 , 3 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
02 June 1945, 1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Lucian Truscott, Jr., 1895-1965
Person Discussed
Paul-Andre Doyen, 1881-1974
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Military alliances, World War II, 1939-1945, Politics & Policy, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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