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6 Battle for the Gulf, 4 of 6, The 19th Province
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 4 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 51 mins
The Cairo conference, the diplomatic offensive, the exodus of refugees from Kuwait, the military mobilization and the Allied decision to go on the offensive on November 8th, 1990. The occupation of Kuwait, the organisation of the resistance, the military build-up of 700,000 troops and the final diplomatic rounds....
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in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 4 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 51 mins
Description
The Cairo conference, the diplomatic offensive, the exodus of refugees from Kuwait, the military mobilization and the Allied decision to go on the offensive on November 8th, 1990. The occupation of Kuwait, the organisation of the resistance, the military build-up of 700,000 troops and the final diplomatic rounds. The Geneva conference. The air war, the retaliatory Scud missile attacks on Israel and the ground offensive to the moment of Iraq’s s...
The Cairo conference, the diplomatic offensive, the exodus of refugees from Kuwait, the military mobilization and the Allied decision to go on the offensive on November 8th, 1990. The occupation of Kuwait, the organisation of the resistance, the military build-up of 700,000 troops and the final diplomatic rounds. The Geneva conference. The air war, the retaliatory Scud missile attacks on Israel and the ground offensive to the moment of Iraq’s surrender.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Documentary
Contributor
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Date Published / Released
2001
Publisher
SW Pictures
Series
6 Battle for the Gulf
Speaker / Narrator
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Person Discussed
Saud Nasser Al-Saud Al-Sabah, 1944-2012, Ebraheem M. H. Behbahani, fl. 1990, Abdullah Al-Khandari, fl. 1990, Salem Al-Ali Al-Sabah, 1926-, Salem Al-Dayed, fl. 1990, Mahmoud Al-Doussari, fl. 1990, Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, 1930-2008, Barbara Bodine, 1948-, Salem Abdulaziz Al Sabah, fl. 1990, Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, James Addison Baker, 1930-, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006, No...
Saud Nasser Al-Saud Al-Sabah, 1944-2012, Ebraheem M. H. Behbahani, fl. 1990, Abdullah Al-Khandari, fl. 1990, Salem Al-Ali Al-Sabah, 1926-, Salem Al-Dayed, fl. 1990, Mahmoud Al-Doussari, fl. 1990, Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, 1930-2008, Barbara Bodine, 1948-, Salem Abdulaziz Al Sabah, fl. 1990, Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, James Addison Baker, 1930-, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006, Norman Schwarzkopf, 1934-, Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, 1929-
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Topic / Theme
Iraq (1970s - Present), International sanctions, Diplomatic missions, Air raids, Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988, History, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, Law, British, Americans, Iraqis, Kuwaitis, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Copyright © 2001 SW Pictures
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6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6, A Different Kind of War
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb h...
Sample
in 6 Battle for the Gulf, 5 of 6 (London, England: SW Pictures, 2001), 50 mins
Description
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower....
The air war by the Allies begins. The Allies started jamming Baghdad’s radar defences. The jamming gave the game away. Iraqi radars were blinded, but 3,000 anti-aircraft guns and 60 missile batteries began firing wildly into the sky. Allied missiles destroyed the main telephone tower. Another laser-guided bomb hit the headquarters controlling Baghdad’s air defences. Other pilots destroyed government ministries and a key communications tower. With Baghdad’s air defence headquarters destroyed and its radar system in chaos, hundreds of Iraq’s fighters couldn’t operate. Only a few struggled into the air. With hundreds of allied aircraft flying, AWACS planes packed with computer equipment helped control the battle. On the first night the coalition armada systematically attacked Iraq’s war machine. The factories that made chemical and biological weapons, the Scud missile plants – in all over 200 different targets were hit. It was a new benchmark in the history of warfare, the first time the world had seen precision bombing on a vast scale. And defying all expectations, only one allied pilot, an American, had been killed. With air superiority established over the Iraqis, the coalition air planners were now confident enough to launch conventional aircraft on massive daylight raids. When Saddam met with his ministers after the first night’s bombing, he had already ordered action he believed would shatter the coalition of Western and Arab countries attacking Iraq. Scud missile launchers hidden in the desert fired at Israel. The Scuds were fired indiscriminately at Israel’s largest city. Saddam calculated the Israelis would retaliate and join the conflict. The Arabs in the coalition would then refuse to fight alongside Israel. The coalition would collapse and so would the war. Soon more Scuds were on the way. Israel’s nuclear forces now went on full alert. Sixty Israeli jets took to the skies. Early warning radar appeared to show Iraqi bombers headed for Israel. In the Pentagon, the defence secretary picked up the hotline to Tel Aviv. Israeli retaliation seemed inevitable. The Israeli Army reported nerve gas in the debris of one of the missiles. Israelis prepared for the worst. Ultimately, none of the eight Scuds that landed proved to have chemical warheads. After some discussion, Baghdad had decided the Israelis might retaliate against a chemical attack with nuclear weapons. The man who would decide what happened next was Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. He and George Bush disliked each other and when Bush telephoned him, Shamir angrily told the president that if America couldn’t stop the Scuds, the Israeli Air Force would. The Israeli Defence Minister, Moshe Arens, told us that Bush said to Shamir, pleaded with Shamir, tried to cajole Shamir that Israel not take any military action, that this would be injurious to the allied cause, that in the final analysis, that this would also be injurious to Israel’s cause. Shamir told us what he said to Bush – “It’s very difficult, Mr. President. It’s very difficult. I don’t know what the day of tomorrow will bring, but at this moment, we will act accordingly, accordingly with your concepts.” On February 21st, forty-eight hours before the ground attack was due, Iraq’s foreign minister, Tariq Aziz, arrived in Moscow. Saddam’s admission that he was willing to withdraw from Kuwait had led to some frantic Soviet diplomacy to save their old ally from defeat. Aziz went straight to the Kremlin. The Soviet president was waiting. Aziz told Gorbachev Saddam wouldn’t accept the U.N. resolutions that called for Iraq to recognize Kuwait’s independence and pay it compensation. But, he said, Iraq would withdraw from Kuwait. Gorbachev thought this was good enough. He called the White House. The president summoned his key advisors to discuss the Soviet offer. If Iraq withdrew, it would mean no bloody ground war, but Saddam would walk away unpunished, his war machine undefeated. At dawn the president called Gorbachev to tell him the deal was unacceptable. Bush’s carefully crafted international coalition was fragmenting. The French president, Francois Mitterrand, called to demand more time for diplomacy. As hundreds of oil wells blazed across Kuwait, the president issued a final ultimatum. Saddam ignored the warning. To obey, he believed, would have humiliated him in the eyes of the Arab world. Within a month of the air war, the ground war by the Allies began to force Iraqi troops out of Kuwait. It was a very short and comprehensive victory.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Documentary
Contributor
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Date Published / Released
2001
Publisher
SW Pictures
Series
6 Battle for the Gulf
Speaker / Narrator
Andrew Solomon, 1963-
Person Discussed
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahm...
Tariq Aziz, 1936-2000, Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1921-2017, James Taylor, fl. 1991, Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud, 0049-, Adi Al-Mutairi, fl. 1991, Martin Stanton, fl. 1990, Hadhim Ahmad al-Tai, 1942-, Moshe Arens, 1925-2019, Mudar Badran, 1934-, Charles A. Horner, 1936-, Neged Al-Bora'i, fl. 1991, Mustafa Hamarneh, 1953-, Mustafa Khalil, fl. 1991, Dick Cheney, 1941-, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, 1949-, Mahmoud Hadary, fl. 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev, 1931-, Norman Schwarzkopf, 1934-, Bernard Shaw, 1940-, Walter Cronkite, 1916-2009, George H. W. Bush, 1924-2018, Saddam Hussein, 1937-2006
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Topic / Theme
Iraq (1970s - Present), Escalation (Conflict), Military alliances, Air raids, Persian Gulf War, 1991, Political and Social Movements, War and Violence, History, Diplomacy, Politics & Policy, Law, Russians, Arabs, Israelis, Iraqis, Americans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2001 SW Pictures
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Activities in Northern Burma, August 6, 1956
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Subject Files 1949-1958 - Border Incursions, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (06 August 1956), Box 1, 320.0024 Border Incursion 1956 , 2 page(s)
Sample
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Subject Files 1949-1958 - Border Incursions, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (06 August 1956), Box 1, 320.0024 Border Incursion 1956 , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
06 August 1956, 1956
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Burma and Thailand Border, Military encampments, Military maneuvers, Military units, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, French, Chinese, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Balkan Files, 1947-1950, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1947), Box 32, Border , 6 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1947
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Bulgaria, Macedonia, and the Balkans Borders, Lines of defense, Police surveillance, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, Bulgarians, Greeks, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Eastern Europe Borders Image Collection
(London, England: Bridgeman Art Library), 21 page(s)
Collection including one map of Eastern Europe with borders marked for Germany, Russia and Poland. Also 20 photographs of border guards some with weapons at various border points in Eastern Europe. There is a picture of a close-up of a border marker with the Nazi insignia. There is a picture of a train station in...
Sample
(London, England: Bridgeman Art Library), 21 page(s)
Description
Collection including one map of Eastern Europe with borders marked for Germany, Russia and Poland. Also 20 photographs of border guards some with weapons at various border points in Eastern Europe. There is a picture of a close-up of a border marker with the Nazi insignia. There is a picture of a train station in Prostken with military gear including pack, helmets and guns, set out for soldiers.
Field of Study
World History
Content Type
Photo-essay
Publisher
Bridgeman Art Library
Topic / Theme
Eastern European Borders, Political boundaries, Crossing borders, History, Geography, Politics & Policy, Polish, Germans, Russians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright © Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin, Germany / © DHM / Bridgeman Images
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French-Italian Border - Compilation of Incidents, 1945
in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (14 May 1945), French-Italian Border Dispute Correspondence, Franco-Italian Border Dispute, June - July 1945 , 4 page(s)
Sample
in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (14 May 1945), French-Italian Border Dispute Correspondence, Franco-Italian Border Dispute, June - July 1945 , 4 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
14 May 1945, 1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Political boundaries, Military maneuvers, Crossing borders, Politics & Policy, Italians, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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The Greek Position Concerning Northern Epirus, July 14, 1948
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Balkan Files, 1947-1950, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (14 July 1948), Box 32, Albania , 2 page(s)
Sample
in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Balkan Files, 1947-1950, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (14 July 1948), Box 32, Albania , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
14 July 1948, 1948
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Bulgaria, Macedonia, and the Balkans Borders, Invasions, War, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, Albanians, Yugoslavs, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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in General Records of the Department of State (RG59). Balkan Files, 1947-1950, of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (1946), Box 32, Border , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
1946
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Topic / Theme
Bulgaria, Macedonia, and the Balkans Borders, Attacks (Battles), Violence, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, Albanians, Yugoslavs, Greeks, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Memo from Aldo L. Icardi to Mar. V. J. Scampoino and Major B. M. Corvo, May 15, 1945
written by Aldo Icardi, 1921-2011, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (15 May 1945), French-Italian Border Dispute Correspondence, Franco-Italian Border Dispute, June - July 1945 , 5 page(s)
Sample
written by Aldo Icardi, 1921-2011, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (15 May 1945), French-Italian Border Dispute Correspondence, Franco-Italian Border Dispute, June - July 1945 , 5 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
15 May 1945, 1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Aldo Icardi, 1921-2011
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Violence, Annexation of land, Military maneuvers, Political boundaries, Politics & Policy, Italians, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Memo from Alexander to AGWAR for Combined Chiefs of Staff and AMSO British Chiefs, June 1945
written by Harold Alexander, 1891-1969, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (June 1945), French-Italian Border Dispute Correspondence, Franco-Italian Border Dispute, June - July 1945 , 2 page(s)
Sample
written by Harold Alexander, 1891-1969, in Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter) (RG338), of United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Federal Records (June 1945), French-Italian Border Dispute Correspondence, Franco-Italian Border Dispute, June - July 1945 , 2 page(s)
Date Written / Recorded
June 1945, 1945
Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Harold Alexander, 1891-1969
Topic / Theme
France and its Borders, Military maneuvers, Political boundaries, Military retreats, Politics & Policy, Italians, French, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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