Browse Titles - 52 results
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How Can Spintronic Devices Be Built to Improve Computing Capacity?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 14 mins
The silicon-based technologies that is used today to access and compute information is reaching its limits. To further improve computing capacity, this essentially two-dimensional technology, as STUART PARKIN puts it, needs to give way to the three-dimensional approach of spintronic devices that use not only elect...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 14 mins
Description
The silicon-based technologies that is used today to access and compute information is reaching its limits. To further improve computing capacity, this essentially two-dimensional technology, as STUART PARKIN puts it, needs to give way to the three-dimensional approach of spintronic devices that use not only electric current but also the spin of the electrons. In this video, he explains how the research team created a new type of storage device....
The silicon-based technologies that is used today to access and compute information is reaching its limits. To further improve computing capacity, this essentially two-dimensional technology, as STUART PARKIN puts it, needs to give way to the three-dimensional approach of spintronic devices that use not only electric current but also the spin of the electrons. In this video, he explains how the research team created a new type of storage device. It consists of billions of so-called race tracks which are essentially vertical columns of magnetic material in which tiny magnetic regions representing zeros and ones are stored. These can be manipulated using a current of spin polarized electrons that can move information up and down these race tracks. During the last three to four years, the researchers discovered four distinct new physical phenomena that enable them to move the magnetic regions in these racetracks extremely efficiently with current pulses. This could pave the way to solid- state devices with about one hundred times the capacity of today's solid-state drives because of the three-dimensional nature of this new concept that is entirely derived from the new physics of spintronics.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Stuart Stephen Papworth Parkin, 1955-
Person Discussed
Stuart Stephen Papworth Parkin, 1955-
Topic / Theme
Computer software, Engineering, Technology
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can the Characteristics of Continuum Robots Be Optimized for a Specific Medical Application?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
The use of continuum robots – robots that are not composed of rigid links and joints but are continuously bending structures – opens up completely new possibilities for surgery: With this tool surgeons can reach locations in the human body which they would not be able to reach with traditional surgical instrum...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
The use of continuum robots – robots that are not composed of rigid links and joints but are continuously bending structures – opens up completely new possibilities for surgery: With this tool surgeons can reach locations in the human body which they would not be able to reach with traditional surgical instruments. This enables them to e.g. remove brain tumors in a minimally invasive way. There are a vast number of parameters to be selected w...
The use of continuum robots – robots that are not composed of rigid links and joints but are continuously bending structures – opens up completely new possibilities for surgery: With this tool surgeons can reach locations in the human body which they would not be able to reach with traditional surgical instruments. This enables them to e.g. remove brain tumors in a minimally invasive way. There are a vast number of parameters to be selected when designing these structures, like diameter, tube thickness, and material. JESSICA BURGNER-KAHRS explains that the ideal combination depends not only on the application but also on patient characteristics. In this video, she describes how the research team tackled the challenge of selecting the right robot design by developing an optimization algorithm that makes use of evolutionary concepts from biology. Testing their simulation results in the laboratory proved that the optimization works well, but also revealed a number of open questions.
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Field of Study
Engineering
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Jessica Burgner-Kahrs, fl. 2006
Person Discussed
Jessica Burgner-Kahrs, fl. 2006
Topic / Theme
Mathematics, Cancer therapies, Surgery, Robotics, Bioengineering, Medical innovations, Medical treatments and procedures
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can the Enantiomers of a Chiral Molecule be Separated More Effectively?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 20 mins
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MO...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 20 mins
Description
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MORGENSTERN and his research team investigate access to these pure enantiomers. To achieve this, they work on separating the two enantiom...
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MORGENSTERN and his research team investigate access to these pure enantiomers. To achieve this, they work on separating the two enantiomers, complementing alternative approaches devoted to synthesize just one of them. For this, they use racemic mixtures – which contain equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule – and then split these racemates. The separation process they managed to develop for this, as is described in this video, allows them to produce larger quantities of pure enantiomers from cheap available mixtures than was possible before. This means that these can now also be produced more effectively in industrial contexts.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern, 1956-
Person Discussed
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern, 1956-
Topic / Theme
Chemistry, Scientific research, Drugs and pharmaceuticals
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can the Motion of Electrons Be Changed by Short Pulses of Laser Light?
(Latest Thinking), 16 mins
THOMAS PFEIFER is interested in the origins of motion: how, on an atomic level, motion is coming into play and how this motion that is initially described by the laws of quantum mechanics then transfers into the classical motion we can see. For this, researchers employ a combination of spectroscopy and laser metho...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking), 16 mins
Description
THOMAS PFEIFER is interested in the origins of motion: how, on an atomic level, motion is coming into play and how this motion that is initially described by the laws of quantum mechanics then transfers into the classical motion we can see. For this, researchers employ a combination of spectroscopy and laser methods. The specific research question presented in this video investigates how a very fundamental system, such as an atom with just one or...
THOMAS PFEIFER is interested in the origins of motion: how, on an atomic level, motion is coming into play and how this motion that is initially described by the laws of quantum mechanics then transfers into the classical motion we can see. For this, researchers employ a combination of spectroscopy and laser methods. The specific research question presented in this video investigates how a very fundamental system, such as an atom with just one or two electrons, interacts with an intense pulse of laser light on a very short time scale. Exposing the helium atom in their experiments to very short pulses of laser light, the researchers gained an understanding of the way how two, or more electrons – even in larger molecules – are moving and how they can control the motion of these electrons. This observation offers new opportunities to understand quantum motion, and eventually laser control chemical reactions.
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Field of Study
Engineering
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can the Statistical Properties of a Turbulent Flow Be Calculated?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particl...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particle Tracking Technique: The researchers focused on a single particle in a fluid and followed it through the flow, both numerically and ex...
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particle Tracking Technique: The researchers focused on a single particle in a fluid and followed it through the flow, both numerically and experimentally using tracers. By tracking more than three thousand particles at a given time, the researchers derived statistics of the particle motion in the flow. This way, they are able to predict turbulences in the flow and prove that these turbulences are irreversible. This irreversibility, in turn, shows that vortex stretching is really at the basis of a turbulent flow.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Eberhard Bodenschatz, 1959-
Person Discussed
Eberhard Bodenschatz, 1959-
Topic / Theme
Science curriculums, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can the Statistical Properties of Cosmic Structures Be Calculated with Simple Physical Laws?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do....
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do. The researchers employed concepts of statistical field theory and could therefore use much simpler dynamical equations. They applied th...
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do. The researchers employed concepts of statistical field theory and could therefore use much simpler dynamical equations. They applied this new approach to describe the power spectrum of cosmic structures, i.e. the degree to which cosmic matter clusters. They thus obtained the same results as the numerical simulations, but in a much simpler way that saves considerable amounts of computation time, reducing it from months to a matter of seventy seconds. This will allow researchers to gain a much better understanding of the formation of cosmic structures in a feasible amount of time.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Matthias Bartelmann, 1965-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Universe, Cosmology
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Experimentally Determine Why Hydrogen Atoms Are Absorbed on Metal Surfaces?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insul...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insulator, measured the speed and direction of the atoms bouncing back from each surface and compared the results. The hydrogen atoms scatte...
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insulator, measured the speed and direction of the atoms bouncing back from each surface and compared the results. The hydrogen atoms scattered from the gold surface suffered a greater energy loss than the one scattered from the insulator. This difference indicates that translational energy carried in the hydrogen atom is transferred into electronic excitations in the metal leading to the high probability of absorption. The experiment results match the predictions of the theoretical model explained by Alexander Kandratsenka.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Oliver Bünermann, 1978-
Person Discussed
Oliver Bünermann, 1978-
Topic / Theme
Scientific method, Physics, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Find the Cause of the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant....
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant. This is not the case, and it is currently assumed that this accelerated expansion is caused by dark energy. MATTEO MATURI and his rese...
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant. This is not the case, and it is currently assumed that this accelerated expansion is caused by dark energy. MATTEO MATURI and his research group investigate the cause of this phenomenon. As he describes in this video, they approached the problem by observing galaxy clusters with optical telescopes. Once they find clusters, they can use them to trace the evolution of these cosmic structures. The researchers have already applied their method to existing data and managed to find 1800 clusters. They are in the process of implementing their method in the pipeline of the Euclid Space Mission and hope to obtain a better understanding of accelerated expansion and of dark energy if this indeed turns out to be its cause.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Astronomy
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can We Get 3D-Pictures of Moving Objects with Just One Camera?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 14 mins
The recovering of our 3D-world with only one camera is a challenge in many fields ranging from self-driving cars to plastic surgery. In this video, DANIEL CREMERS presents innovations from computer vision to tackle that challenge. Modelling the movement of a camera in addition to the geometry of the depicted world...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 14 mins
Description
The recovering of our 3D-world with only one camera is a challenge in many fields ranging from self-driving cars to plastic surgery. In this video, DANIEL CREMERS presents innovations from computer vision to tackle that challenge. Modelling the movement of a camera in addition to the geometry of the depicted world and using new algorithms allow the recovery of more pictures in real-time. The algorithms compute the highest possible consistency bet...
The recovering of our 3D-world with only one camera is a challenge in many fields ranging from self-driving cars to plastic surgery. In this video, DANIEL CREMERS presents innovations from computer vision to tackle that challenge. Modelling the movement of a camera in addition to the geometry of the depicted world and using new algorithms allow the recovery of more pictures in real-time. The algorithms compute the highest possible consistency between consecutive images and make it possible to recover even moving objects with the limited computational space of a laptop.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Daniel Cremers, 1971-
Person Discussed
Daniel Cremers, 1971-
Topic / Theme
Computer integrated manufacturing systems, Cameras
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can We Historically Describe the Evolution of Knowledge and How Can We Account for It?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically the researchers looked at it across time periods and disciplinary boundaries. By tracing three dimensions of knowledge, the cognitive,...
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically the researchers looked at it across time periods and disciplinary boundaries. By tracing three dimensions of knowledge, the cognitive, the material and the social dimension, they detect how each of them influences knowledge evolution. Among others they explain that cognitive structures are being formed by concrete practices and how the carriers of knowledge, be it books or digital media, influence the organization of knowledge and its further evolution.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Homo sapiens
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
