Browse Titles - 47 results
How Can the Enantiomers of a Chiral Molecule be Separated More Effectively?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 20 mins
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MO...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 20 mins
Description
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MORGENSTERN and his research team investigate access to these pure enantiomers. To achieve this, they work on separating the two enantiom...
Chiral molecules are molecules that behave as image and mirror image to each other; these are also called enantiomers. There is a demand in pure enantiomers, which can be created for the use of a variety of industries, such as drugs for the pharmaceutical industry or herbicides for agrochemistry. ANDREAS SEIDEL-MORGENSTERN and his research team investigate access to these pure enantiomers. To achieve this, they work on separating the two enantiomers, complementing alternative approaches devoted to synthesize just one of them. For this, they use racemic mixtures – which contain equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule – and then split these racemates. The separation process they managed to develop for this, as is described in this video, allows them to produce larger quantities of pure enantiomers from cheap available mixtures than was possible before. This means that these can now also be produced more effectively in industrial contexts.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern, 1956-
Person Discussed
Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern, 1956-
Topic / Theme
Chemistry, Scientific research, Drugs and pharmaceuticals
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Can the Statistical Properties of a Turbulent Flow Be Calculated?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particl...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particle Tracking Technique: The researchers focused on a single particle in a fluid and followed it through the flow, both numerically and ex...
For more than one hundred years, scientists are working to uncover how turbulent flows occur. This would enable them among others to predict how pollutants spread in water or how pollen travel in air. As EBERHARD BODENSCHATZ explains in this video, new insides are offered by an approach based on Lagrangian Particle Tracking Technique: The researchers focused on a single particle in a fluid and followed it through the flow, both numerically and experimentally using tracers. By tracking more than three thousand particles at a given time, the researchers derived statistics of the particle motion in the flow. This way, they are able to predict turbulences in the flow and prove that these turbulences are irreversible. This irreversibility, in turn, shows that vortex stretching is really at the basis of a turbulent flow.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Eberhard Bodenschatz, 1959-
Person Discussed
Eberhard Bodenschatz, 1959-
Topic / Theme
Science curriculums, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Can the Statistical Properties of Cosmic Structures Be Calculated with Simple Physical Laws?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do....
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do. The researchers employed concepts of statistical field theory and could therefore use much simpler dynamical equations. They applied th...
So far, the understanding we have of cosmic structures comes from numerical simulations. As MATTHIAS BARTELMANN explains in this video, his research group has developed a different method to calculate the statistical properties of cosmic structures in order to better understand why they evolve in the way they do. The researchers employed concepts of statistical field theory and could therefore use much simpler dynamical equations. They applied this new approach to describe the power spectrum of cosmic structures, i.e. the degree to which cosmic matter clusters. They thus obtained the same results as the numerical simulations, but in a much simpler way that saves considerable amounts of computation time, reducing it from months to a matter of seventy seconds. This will allow researchers to gain a much better understanding of the formation of cosmic structures in a feasible amount of time.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Matthias Bartelmann, 1965-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Universe, Cosmology
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Can We Experimentally Determine Why Hydrogen Atoms Are Absorbed on Metal Surfaces?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insul...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insulator, measured the speed and direction of the atoms bouncing back from each surface and compared the results. The hydrogen atoms scatte...
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insulator, measured the speed and direction of the atoms bouncing back from each surface and compared the results. The hydrogen atoms scattered from the gold surface suffered a greater energy loss than the one scattered from the insulator. This difference indicates that translational energy carried in the hydrogen atom is transferred into electronic excitations in the metal leading to the high probability of absorption. The experiment results match the predictions of the theoretical model explained by Alexander Kandratsenka.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Oliver Bünermann, 1978-
Person Discussed
Oliver Bünermann, 1978-
Topic / Theme
Scientific method, Physics, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Can We Find the Cause of the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant....
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant. This is not the case, and it is currently assumed that this accelerated expansion is caused by dark energy. MATTEO MATURI and his rese...
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant. This is not the case, and it is currently assumed that this accelerated expansion is caused by dark energy. MATTEO MATURI and his research group investigate the cause of this phenomenon. As he describes in this video, they approached the problem by observing galaxy clusters with optical telescopes. Once they find clusters, they can use them to trace the evolution of these cosmic structures. The researchers have already applied their method to existing data and managed to find 1800 clusters. They are in the process of implementing their method in the pipeline of the Euclid Space Mission and hope to obtain a better understanding of accelerated expansion and of dark energy if this indeed turns out to be its cause.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Astronomy
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Can We Historically Describe the Evolution of Knowledge and How Can We Account for It?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically the researchers looked at it across time periods and disciplinary boundaries. By tracing three dimensions of knowledge, the cognitive,...
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically the researchers looked at it across time periods and disciplinary boundaries. By tracing three dimensions of knowledge, the cognitive, the material and the social dimension, they detect how each of them influences knowledge evolution. Among others they explain that cognitive structures are being formed by concrete practices and how the carriers of knowledge, be it books or digital media, influence the organization of knowledge and its further evolution.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Homo sapiens
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Can We Predict What Happens at an Event Horizon?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Every galaxy seems to have a supermassive black hole in its center. A black hole is defined as such because nothing can escape from a certain point inside, not even light. There is, however, a last stable orbit which is called the event horizon outside of which gas can still radiate away. This event horizon might...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Description
Every galaxy seems to have a supermassive black hole in its center. A black hole is defined as such because nothing can escape from a certain point inside, not even light. There is, however, a last stable orbit which is called the event horizon outside of which gas can still radiate away. This event horizon might be the key to understanding black holes and, therefore, observers are interested in resolving the event horizon to see what happens at...
Every galaxy seems to have a supermassive black hole in its center. A black hole is defined as such because nothing can escape from a certain point inside, not even light. There is, however, a last stable orbit which is called the event horizon outside of which gas can still radiate away. This event horizon might be the key to understanding black holes and, therefore, observers are interested in resolving the event horizon to see what happens at it. As ANDREAS BURKERT explains in this video, his theoretical research group develops computational models based on the system of meteorologists to predict how a gas cloud would behave at the event horizon and in what time frame. They then check back with the observers and correct the models accordingly. These computational models thus assist the observers in understanding the events they see. This contributes to a better knowledge of black holes and, eventually, an increased understanding of the universe.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Andreas Burkert, fl. 1991
Person Discussed
Andreas Burkert, fl. 1991
Topic / Theme
Meteorology, Universe
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Can We Prevent Network Security Problems in Smartphone Apps?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Many android apps that try to use SSL to secure network communication fail in doing so and are insecure. By detecting such security flaws and interviewing the developers, the study presented in this video shows the necessity of rethinking how developers interact with security code. As shown, developers are not, as...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Description
Many android apps that try to use SSL to secure network communication fail in doing so and are insecure. By detecting such security flaws and interviewing the developers, the study presented in this video shows the necessity of rethinking how developers interact with security code. As shown, developers are not, as often implied, infallible. This means that prevention of security problems should be carried out by increasing the usability of progra...
Many android apps that try to use SSL to secure network communication fail in doing so and are insecure. By detecting such security flaws and interviewing the developers, the study presented in this video shows the necessity of rethinking how developers interact with security code. As shown, developers are not, as often implied, infallible. This means that prevention of security problems should be carried out by increasing the usability of programming software to match the requirements of app developers, follows MATTHEW SMITH.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Smartphones, Computer software, Computer networks
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Can We Use Machine Learning in the Search for Exoplanets?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2018), 14 mins
Exoplanets are planets beyond our own solar system. Since they do not emit much light and moreover are very close to their parent stars, they are difficult to detect directly. When searching for exoplanets, astronomers use telescopes to monitor the brightness of the parent star under investigation: Changes in brig...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2018), 14 mins
Description
Exoplanets are planets beyond our own solar system. Since they do not emit much light and moreover are very close to their parent stars, they are difficult to detect directly. When searching for exoplanets, astronomers use telescopes to monitor the brightness of the parent star under investigation: Changes in brightness can point to a passing planet that obstructs part of the star’s surface. The recorded signal, however, contains not only the p...
Exoplanets are planets beyond our own solar system. Since they do not emit much light and moreover are very close to their parent stars, they are difficult to detect directly. When searching for exoplanets, astronomers use telescopes to monitor the brightness of the parent star under investigation: Changes in brightness can point to a passing planet that obstructs part of the star’s surface. The recorded signal, however, contains not only the physical signal of the star but also systematic errors caused by the instrument. As BERNHARD SCHÖLKOPF explains in this video, this noise can be removed by comparing the signal of the star of interest to those of a large number of other stars. Commonalities in their signals might be due to confounding effects of the instrument. Using machine learning, these observations can be used to train a system to predict the errors and correct the light curves.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2018
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Bernhard Schölkopf, 1968-
Person Discussed
Bernhard Schölkopf, 1968-
Topic / Theme
Universe, Telescopes, Stars and novas
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
How Could the Modern Human Succeed over Other Hominids?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Modern humans colonized the whole planet and replaced all other hominids, such as Neanderthals. This evolvement raises interesting evolutionary questions concerning both species. The paleoanthropological research presented in this video looks at a moment in time when both co-existed. In order to find out about the...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
Modern humans colonized the whole planet and replaced all other hominids, such as Neanderthals. This evolvement raises interesting evolutionary questions concerning both species. The paleoanthropological research presented in this video looks at a moment in time when both co-existed. In order to find out about the differences between them, JEAN-JACQUES HUBLIN looks at both species’ use of technology, behavior, and social organization using mole...
Modern humans colonized the whole planet and replaced all other hominids, such as Neanderthals. This evolvement raises interesting evolutionary questions concerning both species. The paleoanthropological research presented in this video looks at a moment in time when both co-existed. In order to find out about the differences between them, JEAN-JACQUES HUBLIN looks at both species’ use of technology, behavior, and social organization using molecular screening techniques and archeological research. While it has often been argued that the replacement of Neanderthals by the modern human occurred due to the modern human’s strong evolutionary superiority, this research counters that precisely because they once co-existed, Neanderthals must be more complex than previously assumed.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Humans and human ancestors, Homo neanderthalensis
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×