Browse Titles - 52 results
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How Does the Presence of FLRT Proteins Influence Cortex Folding?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 13 mins
RÜDIGER KLEIN and his research group are interested in the question of how newly born cells, so-called neurons, communicate with other cells during embryonic development and how this communication shapes the brain. During development, neurons explore their environment for the presence of chemical signals. One fam...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 13 mins
Description
RÜDIGER KLEIN and his research group are interested in the question of how newly born cells, so-called neurons, communicate with other cells during embryonic development and how this communication shapes the brain. During development, neurons explore their environment for the presence of chemical signals. One family of such chemical signals are called FLRTs. It is assumed that these FLRT proteins tell the neurons in which way to migrate from the...
RÜDIGER KLEIN and his research group are interested in the question of how newly born cells, so-called neurons, communicate with other cells during embryonic development and how this communication shapes the brain. During development, neurons explore their environment for the presence of chemical signals. One family of such chemical signals are called FLRTs. It is assumed that these FLRT proteins tell the neurons in which way to migrate from the inner to the outer layer of the cortex and, thereby, control cortex folding. As Rüdiger Klein explains in this video, the researchers manipulated genes of mice to find out how exactly this mechanism works. Their results suggest that there is an inverse correlation between the levels of FLRT and the degree of cortex folding: the less FLRT, the more folding we see. Their findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of the folding of the human brain.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Rüdiger Klein, 1958-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Psychiatry
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Does The Recycling Process Within Eukaryotic Cells Work on a Molecular Level?
(Latest Thinking), 12 mins
The research presented in the video investigates how endosomes are able to transport material back to the cell surface in a process called recycling or endosomal exocytosis. In order to do so, endosomes have to have their own identity which is defined by a phosphoinositide, Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)....
Open Access
(Latest Thinking), 12 mins
Description
The research presented in the video investigates how endosomes are able to transport material back to the cell surface in a process called recycling or endosomal exocytosis. In order to do so, endosomes have to have their own identity which is defined by a phosphoinositide, Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). To deliver the material to the cell surface the endosomes have to get rid of their old PI3P identity and acquire a new identity that i...
The research presented in the video investigates how endosomes are able to transport material back to the cell surface in a process called recycling or endosomal exocytosis. In order to do so, endosomes have to have their own identity which is defined by a phosphoinositide, Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). To deliver the material to the cell surface the endosomes have to get rid of their old PI3P identity and acquire a new identity that is characteristic of the plasma membrane such as PI4-phosphate (PI4P). VOLKER HAUCKE explains that understanding how this conversion of phosphoitnositide identities occurs is important to understand communication within a cell and how it may be related to diseases.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Biology
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Is Cross-Talk Between Calcium and Actin Cytoskeleton Involved in Memory Formation?
(Latest Thinking), 8 mins
How are memories formed and stored in the human brain? This is the overarching question that leads MARINA MIKHAYLOVA’s research. As she explains, there are two important features of memory formation: plasticity and stability of dendritic spines, small protrusions where synapses are formed. Activity-dependent rem...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking), 8 mins
Description
How are memories formed and stored in the human brain? This is the overarching question that leads MARINA MIKHAYLOVA’s research. As she explains, there are two important features of memory formation: plasticity and stability of dendritic spines, small protrusions where synapses are formed. Activity-dependent remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines is essential for synaptic plasticity. This process is triggered by a signal sent...
How are memories formed and stored in the human brain? This is the overarching question that leads MARINA MIKHAYLOVA’s research. As she explains, there are two important features of memory formation: plasticity and stability of dendritic spines, small protrusions where synapses are formed. Activity-dependent remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines is essential for synaptic plasticity. This process is triggered by a signal sent from the connected neuron, which results in a calcium influx into the spine. The specific question presented in this video is how initial calcium influx into dendritic spines is connected to actin reorganization. To answer this question the researchers proposed that synapses would need to sense the calcium concentrations. They found that neuronal calcium binding protein caldendrin and filamentous actin-binding protein cortactin are orchestrating direct translation of the initial calcium influx into coordinated rearrangement of spinous actinfilaments at the nanoscale in dendritic spines. This novel mechanism could be essential in understanding the pathology of certain synaptic diseases, such as schizophrenia.
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Field of Study
Science
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Brain, Biology, Memories
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 Latest Thinking
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How Is Genetic Variance Maintained Through Sexual Selection?
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
How does sexual selection contribute to biodiversity on earth? ASTRID T. GROOT investigates this question using the example of moths. As she explains in this video, in many species, including moths, the most common individuals are chosen as mates and the ones that deviate away from the mean are selected against. F...
Open Access
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Description
How does sexual selection contribute to biodiversity on earth? ASTRID T. GROOT investigates this question using the example of moths. As she explains in this video, in many species, including moths, the most common individuals are chosen as mates and the ones that deviate away from the mean are selected against. Following this principle, you would expect less and less variation but this is not the case. Thus, her research team examines how geneti...
How does sexual selection contribute to biodiversity on earth? ASTRID T. GROOT investigates this question using the example of moths. As she explains in this video, in many species, including moths, the most common individuals are chosen as mates and the ones that deviate away from the mean are selected against. Following this principle, you would expect less and less variation but this is not the case. Thus, her research team examines how genetic variance is maintained. They analyzed the mechanism underlying signal variation and response variation and questioned the general assumption that the average is always chosen over the extremes. After detailed behavioral analysis in the laboratory and the field they found that the signaling itself changes and that, indeed, the most common individuals are not always chosen. These findings add to a better understanding of how sexual selection and its evolution might drive diversity.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Astrid T. Groot, fl. 2012
Person Discussed
Astrid T. Groot, fl. 2012
Topic / Theme
Biodiversity, Genetics, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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How Is the Cerebral Cortex of Mammalian Brains Wired?
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 13 mins
Each nerve cell in mammalian brains communicates with about a thousand other nerve cells. This creates a communication network that is likely one of the most complex networks that we know of. Understanding the rules by which this network is created and by which it operates is one of the current questions in neuros...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 13 mins
Description
Each nerve cell in mammalian brains communicates with about a thousand other nerve cells. This creates a communication network that is likely one of the most complex networks that we know of. Understanding the rules by which this network is created and by which it operates is one of the current questions in neuroscience. MORITZ HELMSTAEDTER studies this connectivity and he is particularly interested in how the cerebral cortex is wired up in mamma...
Each nerve cell in mammalian brains communicates with about a thousand other nerve cells. This creates a communication network that is likely one of the most complex networks that we know of. Understanding the rules by which this network is created and by which it operates is one of the current questions in neuroscience. MORITZ HELMSTAEDTER studies this connectivity and he is particularly interested in how the cerebral cortex is wired up in mammalian brains. As he explains in this video, the researchers use highly advanced electron microscopy to create a three-dimensional image dataset from which they reconstruct the network structure of the brain. They found, in contrast to popular opinion, that the wiring in the cerebral cortex of mammals is not random but that neurons decide whom to contact and which neurons should go when. That the mammalian cortex has this level of precision is an important insight for further studies and could be helpful in the study of psychiatric diseases.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Moritz Helmstaedter, 1978-
Date Published / Released
2018
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Psychiatrists, Mammals
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 Latest Thinking
×
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How Well Do Automatic Methods for Language Comparison Work?
(Latest Thinking), 10 mins
There are more than 7,000 languages spoken worldwide. Many languages have evolved from a common ancestry line but we do not yet know where all the languages have come from and why there is such a great diversity. To find out how languages are related and form a family, linguists compare them by sifting through dic...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking), 10 mins
Description
There are more than 7,000 languages spoken worldwide. Many languages have evolved from a common ancestry line but we do not yet know where all the languages have come from and why there is such a great diversity. To find out how languages are related and form a family, linguists compare them by sifting through dictionaries, grammars or word lists. Recently, scholars have proposed automatic methods to compare languages more efficiently. However, m...
There are more than 7,000 languages spoken worldwide. Many languages have evolved from a common ancestry line but we do not yet know where all the languages have come from and why there is such a great diversity. To find out how languages are related and form a family, linguists compare them by sifting through dictionaries, grammars or word lists. Recently, scholars have proposed automatic methods to compare languages more efficiently. However, many classical linguists do not trust these methods. JOHANN-MATTIS LIST wants to know how well these automatic methods for language comparison really perform. As he describes in this video, his research team compared the algorithms’ output directly with the judgment of experts using a data set covering more than five language families. They found that some algorithms perform remarkably well. This means that automatic methods of language comparison have reached a level of performance that allows linguists to use them as a pre-viewing tool.
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Field of Study
Engineering
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 Latest Thinking
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Is the Protoplanetary Disk of TW Hydrae on the Verge of Dispersal?
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
What makes exoplanets habitable? BARBARA ERCOLANO pursues this overarching question by focusing on the birth sites of these planets. Planets are born in the circumstellar disk that surrounds every young star. The specific research question presented in this video centers on the star TW Hydrae, which is very close...
Open Access
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Description
What makes exoplanets habitable? BARBARA ERCOLANO pursues this overarching question by focusing on the birth sites of these planets. Planets are born in the circumstellar disk that surrounds every young star. The specific research question presented in this video centers on the star TW Hydrae, which is very close to earth. The researchers investigated whether the T Tauri star “TW Hydrae” has a protoplanetary disk that is on the verge of dispe...
What makes exoplanets habitable? BARBARA ERCOLANO pursues this overarching question by focusing on the birth sites of these planets. Planets are born in the circumstellar disk that surrounds every young star. The specific research question presented in this video centers on the star TW Hydrae, which is very close to earth. The researchers investigated whether the T Tauri star “TW Hydrae” has a protoplanetary disk that is on the verge of dispersal. At this stage these disks affect the formation of planetary systems. Observations from ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) show that there is a hole at the center of TW Hydrae. Using numerical simulations to construct a theoretical model that fits all the observations of the star, the researchers established that the most likely explanation of this hole is that TW Hydrae is really about to disperse. This finding suggests TW Hydrae as a perfect case study for understanding this crucial element in the development of protoplanetary disks.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Barbara Ercolano, fl. 2010
Person Discussed
Barbara Ercolano, fl. 2010
Topic / Theme
Scientific research, Astronomy
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
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Is There Actually a Continental Divide Between Europe and Asia?
presented by Chris Hann, 1953- (Latest Thinking), 12 mins
When studying human social and cultural diversity, there are usually distinctions being made based on world regions. This leads commonly to the assumption that there is a continental divide between Europe and Asia. However, researchers from many disciplines point out that Eurasia should rather be seen as a unity....
Open Access
presented by Chris Hann, 1953- (Latest Thinking), 12 mins
Description
When studying human social and cultural diversity, there are usually distinctions being made based on world regions. This leads commonly to the assumption that there is a continental divide between Europe and Asia. However, researchers from many disciplines point out that Eurasia should rather be seen as a unity. In the comparative anthropological study CHRIS HANN presents in this video, he found commonalities across the Eurasian landmass at the...
When studying human social and cultural diversity, there are usually distinctions being made based on world regions. This leads commonly to the assumption that there is a continental divide between Europe and Asia. However, researchers from many disciplines point out that Eurasia should rather be seen as a unity. In the comparative anthropological study CHRIS HANN presents in this video, he found commonalities across the Eurasian landmass at the level of values that can be traced back over centuries and distinguish it from other parts of the world – in particular from the settler societies of North America. It is argued that this value consensus was promoted by cultural exchanges between East and West that took place along the Silk Road and across the Indian Ocean over thousands of years of Eurasian history.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Author / Creator
Chris Hann, 1953-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Cultural diversity, Crossing borders, North Americans, Asians, Europeans
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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Large scale discovery and ranking for the internet of things (IoT) data and services
produced by University of Surrey (Surrey, England: University of Surrey, 2015), 3 mins
This thesis considers a point in the future when over 50,000,000 devices will be generating and sending data, and asks: how can we maximize the knowledge hidden within that data stream?
Open Access
produced by University of Surrey (Surrey, England: University of Surrey, 2015), 3 mins
Description
This thesis considers a point in the future when over 50,000,000 devices will be generating and sending data, and asks: how can we maximize the knowledge hidden within that data stream?
Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Lecture/presentation
Contributor
University of Surrey
Date Published / Released
2015
Publisher
University of Surrey
Topic / Theme
Internet, Scientific research
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Phosphorus
presented by Rosanna Kleemann, fl. 2015; produced by University of Surrey (Surrey, England: University of Surrey, 2015), 3 mins
This thesis examines how too much phosphorus in water causes many problems. However, it is an important and dwindling compound. This research looks at how Thames Water is the first to recover the waste phosphorus from water sludge and return it into fertilizer.
Open Access
presented by Rosanna Kleemann, fl. 2015; produced by University of Surrey (Surrey, England: University of Surrey, 2015), 3 mins
Description
This thesis examines how too much phosphorus in water causes many problems. However, it is an important and dwindling compound. This research looks at how Thames Water is the first to recover the waste phosphorus from water sludge and return it into fertilizer.
Field of Study
Environmental Studies
Content Type
Lecture/presentation
Contributor
University of Surrey
Author / Creator
Rosanna Kleemann, fl. 2015
Date Published / Released
2015
Publisher
University of Surrey
Topic / Theme
Water supply, Scientific research
ORCID
0000-0001-9002-8960
×
