Browse Titles - 231 results
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How Can We Eliminate Traffic Congestion in Urban Centers?
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking), 7 mins
As well as resulting in frustration for drivers, traffic congestion leads to significant economic costs. In this video, PETER CRAMTON argues that a properly implemented road pricing system can enable us to eliminate traffic congestion in urban areas. The study explains that once road usage is accurately measured,...
Open Access
(Hamburg, Hamburg State: Latest Thinking), 7 mins
Description
As well as resulting in frustration for drivers, traffic congestion leads to significant economic costs. In this video, PETER CRAMTON argues that a properly implemented road pricing system can enable us to eliminate traffic congestion in urban areas. The study explains that once road usage is accurately measured, principles of market design can be used to develop and implement a highly efficient pricing system with benefits for all. Addressing co...
As well as resulting in frustration for drivers, traffic congestion leads to significant economic costs. In this video, PETER CRAMTON argues that a properly implemented road pricing system can enable us to eliminate traffic congestion in urban areas. The study explains that once road usage is accurately measured, principles of market design can be used to develop and implement a highly efficient pricing system with benefits for all. Addressing concerns around equity and privacy, Cramton’s work suggests that the large scale benefits of road pricing, enhanced both by the availability and diminishing cost of relevant technologies, make its introduction virtually inevitable.
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Field of Study
Business & Economics
Content Type
Instructional material
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Peter Cramton, 1957-
Person Discussed
Peter Cramton, 1957-
Topic / Theme
Economic conditions, Road conditions, Traffic violations
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 Latest Thinking
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How Can We Experimentally Determine Why Hydrogen Atoms Are Absorbed on Metal Surfaces?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insul...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 12 mins
Description
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insulator, measured the speed and direction of the atoms bouncing back from each surface and compared the results. The hydrogen atoms scatte...
Although very light weight, hydrogen atoms have a high probability to be absorbed by a metal surface upon collision. In this video, OLIVER BÜNERMANN explains collision experiments carried out to determine why this is the case. During the experiment, they shot a hydrogen atom beam at a gold surface and at an insulator, measured the speed and direction of the atoms bouncing back from each surface and compared the results. The hydrogen atoms scattered from the gold surface suffered a greater energy loss than the one scattered from the insulator. This difference indicates that translational energy carried in the hydrogen atom is transferred into electronic excitations in the metal leading to the high probability of absorption. The experiment results match the predictions of the theoretical model explained by Alexander Kandratsenka.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Oliver Bünermann, 1978-
Person Discussed
Oliver Bünermann, 1978-
Topic / Theme
Scientific method, Physics, Scientific research
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Find the Cause of the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant....
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant. This is not the case, and it is currently assumed that this accelerated expansion is caused by dark energy. MATTEO MATURI and his rese...
Galaxies keep drifting apart from one another. This is because the universe is expanding in an accelerated way. It is mostly composed of matter and thus the acceleration should slow down because matter carries gravity and gravity is a force which pulls, but does not push, if one neglects the cosmological constant. This is not the case, and it is currently assumed that this accelerated expansion is caused by dark energy. MATTEO MATURI and his research group investigate the cause of this phenomenon. As he describes in this video, they approached the problem by observing galaxy clusters with optical telescopes. Once they find clusters, they can use them to trace the evolution of these cosmic structures. The researchers have already applied their method to existing data and managed to find 1800 clusters. They are in the process of implementing their method in the pipeline of the Euclid Space Mission and hope to obtain a better understanding of accelerated expansion and of dark energy if this indeed turns out to be its cause.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Astronomy
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Get 3D-Pictures of Moving Objects with Just One Camera?
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 14 mins
The recovering of our 3D-world with only one camera is a challenge in many fields ranging from self-driving cars to plastic surgery. In this video, DANIEL CREMERS presents innovations from computer vision to tackle that challenge. Modelling the movement of a camera in addition to the geometry of the depicted world...
Open Access
(Germany: Latest Thinking, 2017), 14 mins
Description
The recovering of our 3D-world with only one camera is a challenge in many fields ranging from self-driving cars to plastic surgery. In this video, DANIEL CREMERS presents innovations from computer vision to tackle that challenge. Modelling the movement of a camera in addition to the geometry of the depicted world and using new algorithms allow the recovery of more pictures in real-time. The algorithms compute the highest possible consistency bet...
The recovering of our 3D-world with only one camera is a challenge in many fields ranging from self-driving cars to plastic surgery. In this video, DANIEL CREMERS presents innovations from computer vision to tackle that challenge. Modelling the movement of a camera in addition to the geometry of the depicted world and using new algorithms allow the recovery of more pictures in real-time. The algorithms compute the highest possible consistency between consecutive images and make it possible to recover even moving objects with the limited computational space of a laptop.
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Field of Study
Global Issues
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Daniel Cremers, 1971-
Person Discussed
Daniel Cremers, 1971-
Topic / Theme
Computer integrated manufacturing systems, Cameras
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Historically Describe the Evolution of Knowledge and How Can We Account for It?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 11 mins
Description
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically the researchers looked at it across time periods and disciplinary boundaries. By tracing three dimensions of knowledge, the cognitive,...
The history of science traditionally focuses on specific time periods or on scientists that made important discoveries. The research presented in this video by JÜRGEN RENN broadens the perspective and looks at the history of knowledge more generally. With the goal to investigate how knowledge evolves historically the researchers looked at it across time periods and disciplinary boundaries. By tracing three dimensions of knowledge, the cognitive, the material and the social dimension, they detect how each of them influences knowledge evolution. Among others they explain that cognitive structures are being formed by concrete practices and how the carriers of knowledge, be it books or digital media, influence the organization of knowledge and its further evolution.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Homo sapiens
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Improve the Existing Vaccine for Tuberculosis to Combat the Growing Number of Multi-Resistant Strains?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Each year 1.5 million people die of tuberculosis thus making it the number one killer of all contagious diseases. With the number of multi-resistant tuberculosis growing, currently available treatments are no longer as effective as they used to be. The existing vaccine does not protect against pulmonary tuberculos...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Description
Each year 1.5 million people die of tuberculosis thus making it the number one killer of all contagious diseases. With the number of multi-resistant tuberculosis growing, currently available treatments are no longer as effective as they used to be. The existing vaccine does not protect against pulmonary tuberculosis which is the most common form of the disease and easily transmittable. In this video, STEFAN H. E. KAUFMANN describes how this exist...
Each year 1.5 million people die of tuberculosis thus making it the number one killer of all contagious diseases. With the number of multi-resistant tuberculosis growing, currently available treatments are no longer as effective as they used to be. The existing vaccine does not protect against pulmonary tuberculosis which is the most common form of the disease and easily transmittable. In this video, STEFAN H. E. KAUFMANN describes how this existing vaccine was modified to trigger an additional component of the cellular immune response. The researchers showed that it achieved profound reduction of bacterial load in the lung and an excellent safety profile in preclinical studies. The vaccine candidate is currently undergoing clinical trials to be approved for humans.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Stefan Hugo Ernst Kaufmann, 1948-
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Stefan Hugo Ernst Kaufmann, 1948-
Person Discussed
Stefan Hugo Ernst Kaufmann, 1948-
Topic / Theme
Health care issues, Tuberculosis
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Improve the Performance of Immigrants in the Labor Market?
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 10 mins
Immigrants typically perform much worse than natives in the labor market. Focusing on amendments to German citizenship law enacted since reunification, in this video, CHRISTINA GATHMANN examines the impact of those reforms on the integration of immigrants in the German labor market. The study finds that the German...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 10 mins
Description
Immigrants typically perform much worse than natives in the labor market. Focusing on amendments to German citizenship law enacted since reunification, in this video, CHRISTINA GATHMANN examines the impact of those reforms on the integration of immigrants in the German labor market. The study finds that the German liberalization of citizenship policy by shortening residency requirements improved both employment rates and wages for immigrants. Wit...
Immigrants typically perform much worse than natives in the labor market. Focusing on amendments to German citizenship law enacted since reunification, in this video, CHRISTINA GATHMANN examines the impact of those reforms on the integration of immigrants in the German labor market. The study finds that the German liberalization of citizenship policy by shortening residency requirements improved both employment rates and wages for immigrants. With particularly positive effects being identifiable for marginalized groups (women and those originating from poorer countries), the research has important implications for national and international debates on immigration, integration, and equality.
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Field of Study
Business & Economics
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2018
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Christina Gathmann, fl. 2003
Person Discussed
Christina Gathmann, fl. 2003
Topic / Theme
Citizenship, Labor force, Immigrant populations
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Improve the Response to Chronic Conditions in India?
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 9 mins
India suffers from a high prevalence of diabetes and raised blood pressure. In this video, PASCAL GELDSETZER presents a detailed analysis of the prevalence of both conditions in India and asks how they might be better treated and controlled. Using population-based data collected by the Indian government, Geldsetze...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 9 mins
Description
India suffers from a high prevalence of diabetes and raised blood pressure. In this video, PASCAL GELDSETZER presents a detailed analysis of the prevalence of both conditions in India and asks how they might be better treated and controlled. Using population-based data collected by the Indian government, Geldsetzer shows that there is huge variation in the prevalence of these conditions between different Indian states and that these conditions do...
India suffers from a high prevalence of diabetes and raised blood pressure. In this video, PASCAL GELDSETZER presents a detailed analysis of the prevalence of both conditions in India and asks how they might be better treated and controlled. Using population-based data collected by the Indian government, Geldsetzer shows that there is huge variation in the prevalence of these conditions between different Indian states and that these conditions do not, as is sometimes assumed, only affect the wealthier strata of Indian society. With evident relevance for health authorities in India, the work also provides food for thought for authorities considering health interventions in other low and middle-income countries worldwide.
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Field of Study
Health Policy
Content Type
Instructional material
Contributor
Pascal Geldsetzer, fl. 2011
Date Published / Released
2018
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Topic / Theme
Health care issues, Diabetes, Indians (Asian)
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Measure Honesty and Patterns of Dishonesty?
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 11 mins
People’s honesty is often a crucial consideration in politics and in economics as well as in society more generally. In this video, URS FISCHBACHER outlines his development of an instrument to measure honesty and patterns of dishonesty. Participants rolled a die and were told that their number corresponded to a...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2018), 11 mins
Description
People’s honesty is often a crucial consideration in politics and in economics as well as in society more generally. In this video, URS FISCHBACHER outlines his development of an instrument to measure honesty and patterns of dishonesty. Participants rolled a die and were told that their number corresponded to a payoff. Though the experiment showed that people were dishonest, it also demonstrated that this was not always the case. Fischbacher ex...
People’s honesty is often a crucial consideration in politics and in economics as well as in society more generally. In this video, URS FISCHBACHER outlines his development of an instrument to measure honesty and patterns of dishonesty. Participants rolled a die and were told that their number corresponded to a payoff. Though the experiment showed that people were dishonest, it also demonstrated that this was not always the case. Fischbacher explains how the initial experiment has been expanded and refined to bring about advances in both our theoretical and practical conception of honesty.
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Field of Study
Psychology
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2018
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Urs Fischbacher, 1959-
Person Discussed
Urs Fischbacher, 1959-
Topic / Theme
Social personality, Honesty
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2018 Latest Thinking
×
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How Can We Predict What Happens at an Event Horizon?
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Every galaxy seems to have a supermassive black hole in its center. A black hole is defined as such because nothing can escape from a certain point inside, not even light. There is, however, a last stable orbit which is called the event horizon outside of which gas can still radiate away. This event horizon might...
Open Access
(Latest Thinking, 2017), 9 mins
Description
Every galaxy seems to have a supermassive black hole in its center. A black hole is defined as such because nothing can escape from a certain point inside, not even light. There is, however, a last stable orbit which is called the event horizon outside of which gas can still radiate away. This event horizon might be the key to understanding black holes and, therefore, observers are interested in resolving the event horizon to see what happens at...
Every galaxy seems to have a supermassive black hole in its center. A black hole is defined as such because nothing can escape from a certain point inside, not even light. There is, however, a last stable orbit which is called the event horizon outside of which gas can still radiate away. This event horizon might be the key to understanding black holes and, therefore, observers are interested in resolving the event horizon to see what happens at it. As ANDREAS BURKERT explains in this video, his theoretical research group develops computational models based on the system of meteorologists to predict how a gas cloud would behave at the event horizon and in what time frame. They then check back with the observers and correct the models accordingly. These computational models thus assist the observers in understanding the events they see. This contributes to a better knowledge of black holes and, eventually, an increased understanding of the universe.
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Field of Study
Science
Content Type
Instructional material
Date Published / Released
2017
Publisher
Latest Thinking
Speaker / Narrator
Andreas Burkert, fl. 1991
Person Discussed
Andreas Burkert, fl. 1991
Topic / Theme
Meteorology, Universe
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2017 Latest Thinking
×
