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Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (1)

written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 833/1894, ff. 1-2) (1894) , 3 page(s)

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TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (1). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals based in Oxford and beyo... TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (1). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals based in Oxford and beyond. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” Charles Dilke (1843-1911) was a Liberal and Radical English politician and Member of Parliament. ¶ In this letter, del Homme tells Rațiu that she gave a lengthy interview on the Memorandum trial to the Daily Chronicle. See, “A Rift in the East: Trouble in Transylvania, An Appeal to English Opinion, in _The Daily Chronicle_” (Newspaper clipping, London, July 10, 1894), 1212/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest. Del Homme requests additional information concerning the jury, the conditions of the accused men’s imminent imprisonment, and a copy of the Memorandum brochure that the condemned had distributed since the beginning of the 1890s. Del Homme also mentioned having spoken to Charles Dilke, who was supportive. She expresses her hope that the Daily Chronicle clipping will reach her and not be stopped in its way. The document makes visible the challenges of transnational activism in the late 19th century, among which the relatively slow circulation of information and objects, which facilitated awareness-raising and mobilization. It also underscores the support given to Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activists chiefly by radical-liberal English activists and politicians, especially women. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Memorandum; Liberalism; Radicalism; Press. Show more Show less

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Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3)

written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)

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TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-192... TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial” mentioned in the letter. ¶ This letter thanks Emilia Rațiu for the beautifully-embroidered chemisette and bolero she had sent, mentions friends’ admiration for the clothes’ graceful shapes and harmonious colors, and asks Rațiu to thank everyone who worked on the clothing. Del Homme informs Rațiu that she spoke at length to three Members of Parliament on the “Romanian Question”, trying to persuade them that “a word said in Parliament” would greatly help Rațiu’s work. Del Homme reports that MPs were sympathetic and requested further documents on the issue. Del Homme writes that she sent several reports on the Memorandum trial happening in Cluj/Kolosvàr/Klausenburg to English newspapers but that the press there was “hesitant” to publish an account, for “fear of inciting polemics.” ¶ This letter is one among several exchanged in 1894 by Emilia Rațiu and progressive Englishwomen. It sheds light on the merging of transnational cultural interaction (i.e., sending parts of a folk costume as a gift) with transnational political activism and lobbying. Among others, this mix was made possible by the incorporation into nationalists’ self-definition of a particularly Austro-Hungarian ethnographic gaze, which emphasized both ethnic diversity and difference. The document also underscores women’s involvement in England in lobbying Parliament on behalf of the rights of dominated nations or nationalities. It points to the cautious attitude of English MPs as well as the English press towards what was being presented as the “Romanian Question.” KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Women and International Relations; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Networks; Mobilization; Lobbying; Cultural Diplomacy; Press. Show more Show less

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Ronald McNeil to Lady Londonderry [Theresa Susey Chetwynd Talbot], Cadogan Place, 23 June 1918

written by Ronald John McNeil, 1st Baron Cushendun, 1861-1934, in Theresa, Lady Londonderry Papers, of Northern Ireland. Public Record Office (Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast, U.K., (D2846/1/8/69). Letters Received by Lady Londonderry as President of the Women’s Unionist Council. Theresa, Lady Londonderry Papers (D2846/1/8), 27023) (Belfast, Northern Ireland) (23 June 1918) , 2 page(s)

This document is a two-page handwritten letter from Ronald McNeil to Lady Londonderry, the President of the Ulster Women’s Unionist Council (UWUC). Written five months after the passage of the Representation of the People Act (1918), it discussed the enfranchisement of women and how members of the UWUC should re...

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Sarah Anne Byles to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 2 August 1894

written by Sarah Anne Byles, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1032/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (02 August 1894) , 4 page(s)

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TITLE: Sarah Anne Byles to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 2 August 1894. DESCRIPTION: Letter to Emilia Rațiu from Sarah Anne Byles, thanking her for sending the photograph of imprisoned leaders of the Romanian National Party of Transylvania, among whom Emilia Rațiu’s husband. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader... TITLE: Sarah Anne Byles to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 2 August 1894. DESCRIPTION: Letter to Emilia Rațiu from Sarah Anne Byles, thanking her for sending the photograph of imprisoned leaders of the Romanian National Party of Transylvania, among whom Emilia Rațiu’s husband. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially with the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” Sarah Anne Byles was a moderate English activist for suffrage, active in the Women’s National Liberal Association, a section of the British Liberal Party. She was married to William Byles, pacifist Liberal MP between 1893 and 1895. The Inter-Parliamentary Conference (later the Inter-Parliamentary Union) was an international organization founded in 1889, bringing together MPs from several European countries. In 1894, it was dedicated to avoiding armed conflict by promoting international arbitration and the creation of procedures for declaring neutrality. ¶ Byles promises to try to have the photograph of the imprisoned members of the Romanian National Party published in an illustrated paper. She assures that her husband would do everything he can for the Memorandists and that they were going to take the photograph to show in The Hague,during the 1894 meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary Conference. Most of the Transylvanian men imprisoned were pardoned in 1895 by Emperor Francis Joseph, partly due to the international echoes of the affair. The letter emphasizes connections between socially-active Transylvanian women and progressive women in England, as well as political mobilization tactics at the advent of mass politics in Europe. It also points to the importance of a new medium, such as photography, in such mobilizations. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Memorandum; Photographs; Mobilization; Networks. Show more Show less

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