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Au jour le jour congrès féministe
written by Maurice Leudet, 1858- (Paris, Ile-de-France: Le Figaro, 1896), 2 page(s)
In light of the 1896 International Feminist Congress to be held in Paris, Leudet reflects on the value of feminism to French society. Stressing the ideology of women’s complementarity to men, the article argues against women’s participation in politics, suggesting that such activity would create a “third sex...
Sample
written by Maurice Leudet, 1858- (Paris, Ile-de-France: Le Figaro, 1896), 2 page(s)
Description
In light of the 1896 International Feminist Congress to be held in Paris, Leudet reflects on the value of feminism to French society. Stressing the ideology of women’s complementarity to men, the article argues against women’s participation in politics, suggesting that such activity would create a “third sex.” Using arguments related to “natural law” and women’s supposed biological and social “duties,” the author explains femini...
In light of the 1896 International Feminist Congress to be held in Paris, Leudet reflects on the value of feminism to French society. Stressing the ideology of women’s complementarity to men, the article argues against women’s participation in politics, suggesting that such activity would create a “third sex.” Using arguments related to “natural law” and women’s supposed biological and social “duties,” the author explains feminism cannot take hold in France because, as he points out, similar movements in England and the United States have resulted in an increased number of unmarried women.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, International
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
News story
Author / Creator
Maurice Leudet, 1858-
Date Published / Released
1896
Publisher
Le Figaro
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Equal Rights for Women
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La Citoyenne, No. 1, 13 fevrier 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 1, February 13, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women's suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France's fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped h...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 1, February 13, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women's suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France's fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women's suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France's fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. This first issue of the newspaper opens with an essay by Hubertine Auclert titled, "La Citoyenne," (The Woman Citizen), explaining the publication’s goal of attaining civil and political equality for women and men. Other articles address "Les femmes électeurs," (Women Voters), about women who attempt to vote, despite it being against the law; "Le divorce en Italie," (Divorce in Italy); "Les femmes d’Irlande," (Irish Women), lauding the Women’s Agrarian League’s revolutionary activism against landlords; and "Les femmes au Niger," (Women of Niger), written by the anonymous "A traveler to Niger," which describes how the indigenous women of this French colony travel alone by river, even when nursing a baby.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
13 February 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Political and Human Rights, Marital Status, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Nigeriens (Niger), Italians, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 3, 27 février 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 3, February 27, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1800), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 3, February 27, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1800), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert argues in a piece called “The Power of the Vote” that with the franchise, women will have a greater say in social matters, like marriage and divorce, which affect their day to day lives. Also appearing in this issue are meeting notes for the Société le droit des femmes, a short piece on abortion, and an article about Algerian vineyards. Abstract created by Jaime Wadowiec.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
27 February 1800, 1800
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Social and Cultural Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 4, 6 mars 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 4, March 6, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881, originally published 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 4, March 6, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881, originally published 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert refutes objections to woman suffrage on grounds of differing gender roles, arguing that there is no inherent conflict between exercise of political rights and fulfillment of domestic duties. Another major article protests the sub-subsistence wages of working women. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
1881, 06 March 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Work and Class Identity, Family Rights, Rights to Wages, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 6, 20 mars 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 6, March 20, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 6, March 20, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert counters the argument against women’s voting on grounds that unlike most (though not all) men, they did not serve their country in military duties. She points out that more women give their lives paying the “maternity tax” than men the “blood tax,” though they would happily serve as soldiers if that assured them civic rights. Other articles deal with women’s work in the garment industry. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
March 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Political and Human Rights, Rights to Work, Family Rights, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 9, 10 avril 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 9, April 10, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 9, April 10, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert addresses the call for women to “educate themselves” before becoming eligible to vote, stating the reverse was true, that women must enjoy political rights, including that of assembling in public and participating in electoral reunions, in order to gain essential knowledge. The “week in politics” column includes discussion of a French military expedition to repel an invasion in Tunisia. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
10 April 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 12, 1 mai 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 12, May 1, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women's suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 12, May 1, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women's suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addre...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women's suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. Hubertine Auclert opens this issue with "Impératrices et citoyennes" (Empresses and Women Citizens), explaining that in monarchies (except France, which had the Salic Law that prevented a woman from sitting on the throne) and aristocracies, women can rule, but in the French republic women not only can not rule, they have no political rights. In "Les Femmes du Kroumir," Antonin Lévrier (Auclert's romantic partner and future husband, and a regular contributor to La Citoyenne) questions Franc'’s escalating hostilities with Tunis. He argues that France "has no right to make the Kroumir women into French women," because French women lack political and civil rights. The article, "La Giroflée" (The Wallflower), emotively describes the hanging of six Russian anarchists (including one woman, Sophia Perovskaya – here called Sophie Perowska), put to death for assassinating Tsar Alexander II. And "Les Kroumirs à table" (The Kroumir at the Table), discusses Kroumir cuisine and diet.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
01 May 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 14, 16 mai 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 14, May 16, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 14, May 16, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Hubertine Auclert opened with the article “La Question n’est pas mûre” (“The question Is Not Yet Ready”), in which she demanded that women be allowed the right to legally claim paternity (“la recherche de la paternité”), something denied by the Napoleonic Code. Other articles included the second of the multi-part “Les femmes et la revolution” (“Women and Revolution”), by Antonin Levrier (Auclert’s romantic partner and future husband, and a regular contributor to La Citoyenne), explaining the vital role women were playing in Russia’s revolutionary, anti-tsarist movement. In Part I of this series (La Citoyenne No. 13, 8 May 1881) Levrier discussed women’s importance in the 1879 and 1848 French revolutions. A short, unsigned piece, “Les femmes Kroumirs” (“Kroumir Women”), discussed North African Kroumir women’s war songs. “La femme en Kabylie” (“Women in Kabilia) examined the subjugated status of North African Kabyle women. “La traite des blanches” (“The White Slave Trade”) related the arrest and trial of a man charged with entrapping young women into prostitution.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
16 May 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
French Revolution, 1848, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Social and Cultural Rights, Campaigns Against Prostitution and Sex Trafficking, Equal Rights for Women, Family Rights, Kabyle, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 18, 12 juin 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 18, June 12, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 18, June 12, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Hubertine Auclert wrote the article, “Reponse d’un député” (A Deputy’s Response”), about the state of the women’s suffrage struggle in France, England and the United States. A short piece titled “Tahiti,” in the “Exterieur” column, reported celebrations as Tahiti officially became a French colony. “La terreur du mari” (“The Terror of the Husband”) strongly critiqued women’s lack of rights and recourse under the Napoleonic Code’s marital laws. The brief article, “La fête de la mort en Australie” (“The Celebration of Death in Australia”), by the writer Léo Quesnel, explained the silent dance that women performs when a person dies. “Les Eunuques Blancs” (“The White Eunuchs”), penned by Draigu, the pseudonym of Léon Girard, a writer and one of Auclert’s supporters and financial backers, compared legal and customary means of controlling women in Turkey and in France. Draigu often wrote about women beyond the metropole, using the pseudonyms Draigu or Camille. He stated that he prefers the honesty of polygamy to the hypocrisy of France’s monogamy.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
12 June 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Marital Status, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Australians, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 21, 3 juillet 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 21, July 3, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 21, July 3, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert rebuts the charge that women lack interest in politics by broadening its definition to show how women’s function in feeding their families depends on decisions made by legislators. She also accuses the deputy Camille Sée of hypocrisy for voting a budget for Jesuits while attacking women for supporting the clergy. Other articles report on women abroad, including Turkey and Ukraine. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
03 July 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Women and Religion, Political and Human Rights, Male Religious Authorities, Social and Cultural Rights, Family Rights, Equal Rights for Women, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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