Browse Person - 22 results
See details
Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Tr...
Sample
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party le...
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially with the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894 and the following “Memorandum trial.” Dorina Rațiu (1874?-1904) was a nationalist activist and the youngest daughter of Emilia Rațiu and Ioan Rațiu. ¶ In this letter, Dionisie Vaida expresses his sympathy for the family’s difficulties following Ion Rațiu’s imprisonment in Szeged. He also expresses surprise that Emilia and Dorina Rațiu were also summoned in front of the courts while in Szeged. Emilia Rațiu and her entire family lived in Szeged during the year-long imprisonment of Ioan Rațiu in the city. Rațiu was pardoned by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1895. The summons in front of the court Vaida references was connected to an incident which had involved several young women in the Sibiu/Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben train station and several gendarmes. Several women, including Emilia and Dorina Rațiu, had gathered in the station to welcome the returning, recently-sentenced Memorandum men. Gendarmes had asked the women to remove the Romanian tri-color flags they were wearing pinned to their dresses. The women’s refusal and opposition to the gendarmes brought them in front of the local courts in February 1895. In the absence of the two Rațiu women, the trial was indefinitely postponed. The young women present in the courthouse in Sibiu were congratulated for their staunch refusal, and the event was widely reported in the Romanian press. Vaida’s letter highlights Transylvanian Romanian women’s involvement in increasingly confrontational activism toward Hungarian authorities in the tense period after the Memorandum episode. The document also draws attention to sources which show Transylvanian women’s use of well-established repertories of nationalism in Austria-Hungary and beyond. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Courts and trials; Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania.
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
05 February 1895, 1895
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Political and Human Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, National Identity, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Hungarians, Romanians
×
See details
Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916
written by József Szalay, 1870-1937 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (29 June 1916) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its yout...
Sample
written by József Szalay, 1870-1937 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (29 June 1916) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its youth group. The innocent topics of the planned presentations notwithstanding, the local policy authority denies permission, pointing to th...
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its youth group. The innocent topics of the planned presentations notwithstanding, the local policy authority denies permission, pointing to the “political character” of the program. See also, “Mrs. Imre Turcsányi to Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged), Szeged, 27 June 1916” (Letter, Szeged, June 27, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; “Mrs. Dr. Jenö Erdélyi and Mrs. Imre Turcsányi, Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association of Szeged to Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Szeged, 2 July 1916” (Letter, Szeged, July 2, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; “Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Igen tisztelt Tagtárs! [[Feminist Association of Szeged to Valued Member], Szeged, 17 July 1916” (Letter, Szeged, July 17, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; World War I; Suppression of Women’s War Time Activism; Liberal-Progressive Women’s Movement Spreading all over Hungary; Habsburg Empire
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
29 June 1916, 1916
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
József Szalay, 1870-1937
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Non-aligned Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
×
See details
Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894
written by Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860 and Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (16 June 1894) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the Nation...
Sample
written by Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860 and Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (16 June 1894) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor...
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” Elena Muresianu (1862-1924) was an artist and publicist from Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt, active in the Women’s Reunion in the city and a founding member of the National Committee of Romanian Women. A graduate of the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts (1884-1888), she married into the Muresianu family who published Gazeta Transilvaniei [The Transylvanian Gazette], one of the most significant Romanian-language publications in the region. Between 1909 and 1911, Elena Muresianu was the sole administrator of the newspaper and associated typography, having always been heavily involved in the running of the business. Elena Baiulescu was President of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt in the 1890s and President of the National Committee of Romanian Women, from 1894 to 1896. She was married to Orthodox Archpriest (Protopop) Bartolomeu Baiulescu and the mother to Maria Baiulescu, who would become in the 1900s a visible spokeswoman for socially active women and the Transylvanian Romanian nationalist cause. The National Committee of Romanian Women was described as a “secret committee” of Romanian women founded in Brașov/Brassó/Hermannstadt in 1894 by Elena Muresianu, acting as Secretary, and Elena Baiulescu, as President. The Committee gathered signatures from women all around Transylvania to support the Transylvanian politicians condemned in the Memorandum trial. According to a 1934 article written by a member of the Committee, the Committee gathered “thousands upon thousands” of signatures for letters sent to MPs in Italy and journalists in France, thanking them for the support shown to the “Romanian national cause.” See, Maria Baiulescu, “Participrea femeilor romane din Ardeal in procesul Memorandumului in _Universul_(Bucharest) [The Participation of Romanian Women from Transylvania in the Memorandum Trial in _The Universe_(Bucharest)]” (Newspaper clipping, Bucharest, June 19, 1934), MS 1954, f. 30, “George Baritiu” County Library Special Collections, “George Baritiu” County Library Brasov, Special Collections Unit. The Committee minted decorative medals with the inscription “Everything for the Nation.” The “Memorandum trial” involved the 1894 condemnation of several prominent Transylvanian members of the Romanian National Party for publishing and distributing a manifesto critical of Hungarian centralism but not of the Emperor. The event garnered international attention and significant popular support in Transylvania and other territories inhabited by Romanians. ¶ This letter asks for Rațiu’s consent for writing letters to foreign supporters of the tried Memorandum politicians “not only [in the name of women from Brașov], but also in the name of all Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The senders consider the issue an important one and mention that they have written “to Romanian ladies from the different towns in Transylvania thus asking for their consent.” The senders mention writing a planned first thank-you letter to Italian MP Imbriani. ¶ This document provides evidence about the formation and mobilization strategies of the National Committee of Romanian Women. It captures a moment in which women involved in the nationalist cause sought to transform gender solidarities forged on municipal bases into the collective solidarity of all “Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The process mirrors similar developments in the rest of Austria-Hungary at the time. The 1880s were marked by middle-class municipal activism. This development was overshadowed (or in this case, merged) in 1890 by the rise of nationalist, mass mobilization, a political phenomenon that was, in fact, difficult to sustain and had somewhat waned by the early 1900s. In relation to the politics of gendered mobilization, the emphasis on and the use of the language of consent also makes this document an interesting one; it shows how liberal doctrines on contract and consent, assumed to be governing associations and individuals, were part of Transylvanian women’s activism. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Municipal Activism; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Comitetul Național al Femeilor Române/National Committee of Romanian Women; Memorandum; Municipal Activism; Mobilization; Networks; k. k. Kunstgewerbeschule/ Vienna School of Arts and Crafts.
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
16 June 1894, 1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860, Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Opposition to Imperialism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrian...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Opposition to Imperialism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrians, Hungarians, Romanians
Show more
Show less
×
See details
Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894
written by Elisabeth Lee, 1879- (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 911/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (09 April 1894) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: French-language letter from Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Rațiu. Elisabeth Lee (1879-?) was an Englishwoman living in Oxford in the house of her brother-in-law, popular Russian and Slavic languages professor W.R. Morfill (married to Charlotte...
Sample
written by Elisabeth Lee, 1879- (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 911/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (09 April 1894) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: French-language letter from Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Rațiu. Elisabeth Lee (1879-?) was an Englishwoman living in Oxford in the house of her brother-in-law, popular Russian and Slavic languages professor W.R. Morfill (married to Charlotte Lee). Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She...
TITLE: Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: French-language letter from Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Rațiu. Elisabeth Lee (1879-?) was an Englishwoman living in Oxford in the house of her brother-in-law, popular Russian and Slavic languages professor W.R. Morfill (married to Charlotte Lee). Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” ¶ In reply to the letter received from Emilia Rațiu, Elisabeth Lee thanks Rațiu for the photographs she had sent. Lee remarks on the physiognomy of the Romanian peasants depicted and the qualities they express. She mentions that she has been told about inhabitants, landscapes, and language by her brother-in-law, who had travelled in the region. For Rațiu’s initial letter, see Emilia Dr. Rațiu, “Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Elisabeth Lee [1894]” (Draft Letter, Turda, 1894), 912/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff.1-2, Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest. ¶ Elisabeth Lee’s brief letter can be read in the context of emerging interest in England for Transylvania because of ethnography and women’s travel writing. Ethnography developed in the Austrian side of the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a way of emphasizing the monarchy’s protection of diversity, whereas in the Hungarian side ethnography served assimilation goals. This may have led to a particular “ethnographic gaze” among Transylvanian artists and intellectuals, one that emphasized both ethnic diversity and essential ethnic difference. In the case of the British Empire, ethnography underpinned the colonial enterprise and fed citizens’ fantasies of empire. The correspondence between the two women might be read as the intersection of the two, quite distinctive “ethnographic gazes” of differently positioned imperial subjects. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Ethnography; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Photographs; Mobilization; Networks.
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
09 April 1894, 1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Elisabeth Lee, 1879-
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Political Leadership, Social and Cultural Rights, Romanians, Hungarians, English, Austrians
×
See details
Gr. Teleki Sándorné, gr. Haller Györgyné, Paula Pogány (A Nok Választójogi Világszövetségének VII. kongresszusa. Elokészíto Biz...
written by Iska Teleki, fl. 1912, Ilona Haller, fl. 1912 and Paula Pogány, fl. 1918 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 48) (07 May 1912) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Countess Iska Teleki, Countess Ilona Haller, Paula Pogány of the Preparatory Committee 7th International Woman Suffrage Congress to Esteemed Presidency, Budapest, 7 May 1912. DESCRIPTION: Letter soliciting subsidies for the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1913, pointing out...
Sample
written by Iska Teleki, fl. 1912, Ilona Haller, fl. 1912 and Paula Pogány, fl. 1918 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 48) (07 May 1912) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Countess Iska Teleki, Countess Ilona Haller, Paula Pogány of the Preparatory Committee 7th International Woman Suffrage Congress to Esteemed Presidency, Budapest, 7 May 1912. DESCRIPTION: Letter soliciting subsidies for the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1913, pointing out that the congress is an opportunity to generate sympathy with Hungary within the Habsburg Monarchy. The two woman aristocrats and the...
TITLE: Countess Iska Teleki, Countess Ilona Haller, Paula Pogány of the Preparatory Committee 7th International Woman Suffrage Congress to Esteemed Presidency, Budapest, 7 May 1912. DESCRIPTION: Letter soliciting subsidies for the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1913, pointing out that the congress is an opportunity to generate sympathy with Hungary within the Habsburg Monarchy. The two woman aristocrats and the third representative of the Preparatory Committee in giving their signature refer to the term “daughter of the homeland” (honleány), a term which had been widely used the Hungarian Revolution of 1848/1849, giving their patriotic greetings. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Hungarian Hospitality; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Congress Preparations; Hungarian Preparatory Committee Members; Generation of Funding in Hungary; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Austria
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
07 May 1912, 1912
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Iska Teleki, fl. 1912, Ilona Haller, fl. 1912, Paula Pogány, fl. 1918
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Suffrage, Human Rights, Social and Cultural Rights, Hungarians
×
See details
Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3)
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental...
Sample
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-192...
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial” mentioned in the letter. ¶ This letter thanks Emilia Rațiu for the beautifully-embroidered chemisette and bolero she had sent, mentions friends’ admiration for the clothes’ graceful shapes and harmonious colors, and asks Rațiu to thank everyone who worked on the clothing. Del Homme informs Rațiu that she spoke at length to three Members of Parliament on the “Romanian Question”, trying to persuade them that “a word said in Parliament” would greatly help Rațiu’s work. Del Homme reports that MPs were sympathetic and requested further documents on the issue. Del Homme writes that she sent several reports on the Memorandum trial happening in Cluj/Kolosvàr/Klausenburg to English newspapers but that the press there was “hesitant” to publish an account, for “fear of inciting polemics.” ¶ This letter is one among several exchanged in 1894 by Emilia Rațiu and progressive Englishwomen. It sheds light on the merging of transnational cultural interaction (i.e., sending parts of a folk costume as a gift) with transnational political activism and lobbying. Among others, this mix was made possible by the incorporation into nationalists’ self-definition of a particularly Austro-Hungarian ethnographic gaze, which emphasized both ethnic diversity and difference. The document also underscores women’s involvement in England in lobbying Parliament on behalf of the rights of dominated nations or nationalities. It points to the cautious attitude of English MPs as well as the English press towards what was being presented as the “Romanian Question.” KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Women and International Relations; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Networks; Mobilization; Lobbying; Cultural Diplomacy; Press.
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Pol...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, International Peace, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrians, Hungarians, English, Romanians
Show more
Show less
×
![[Letter from] Wyslouchowa Marja [to] Sokolové-Seidlové Vilmé, April 06, 1893](https://d3crmev290s45i.cloudfront.net/content/1009375xxx/1009375698/1009375698-size-exact-140x0.jpg "[Letter from] Wyslouchowa Marja [to] Sokolové-Seidlové Vilmé, April 06, 1893")
See details
[Letter from] Wyslouchowa Marja [to] Sokolové-Seidlové Vilmé, April 06, 1893
written by Maria Wyslouchowa, 1858-1905 (Památník národního písemnictví, Praha, fond Sokolová-Seidlová Vilma 33/44) (06 April 1893) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Letters from Maria Wysłouchowa to Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová. DESCRIPTION: Maria Wysłouchowa (1858-1905) was a teacher and a famous activist in national and peasants’ politics. With her husband the politician and editor Bolesław Wysłouch (1855-1937) she moved from the Russian partition to Galicia where...
Sample
written by Maria Wyslouchowa, 1858-1905 (Památník národního písemnictví, Praha, fond Sokolová-Seidlová Vilma 33/44) (06 April 1893) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Letters from Maria Wysłouchowa to Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová. DESCRIPTION: Maria Wysłouchowa (1858-1905) was a teacher and a famous activist in national and peasants’ politics. With her husband the politician and editor Bolesław Wysłouch (1855-1937) she moved from the Russian partition to Galicia where the couple built up a democratic and socialist peasants’ movement. Since 1889, they published its organ “Przyjaciel ludu (The Peop...
TITLE: Letters from Maria Wysłouchowa to Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová. DESCRIPTION: Maria Wysłouchowa (1858-1905) was a teacher and a famous activist in national and peasants’ politics. With her husband the politician and editor Bolesław Wysłouch (1855-1937) she moved from the Russian partition to Galicia where the couple built up a democratic and socialist peasants’ movement. Since 1889, they published its organ “Przyjaciel ludu (The People’s Friend)” and in 1895 Wysłouchowa supported her husband in founding the party “StronnictwoLudowe (Peasants’ Party).” Due to Habsburg Law, as a woman she was not allowed to be a member of a political party. Wysłouchowa wrote and published a huge number of articles and brochures on Polish history and culture and was active in adult education, in particular in peasants’ education. Though she was not at the center of the women’s movement, she nevertheless cultivated contacts to Polish and Czech feminists. One of her favorite contacts was Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová (1859-1941), a Czech writer and publisher, with whom she corresponded a lot and told her about several events concerning her political activities and writing experiences. The letters from February1 and April 6, 1893, are dedicated to Wysłouchowa’s reflectionson the “Congress of Women” held in Chicago in the same year. She had been invated by Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit (1859-1921), a leader of the Polish women’s movement from Warsaw, to represent the movement on the international congress. In the first letter Wysłouchowa hesitated because she felt unpleasant as a representative; nevertheless, she stresses the necessity because of her privileged situation concerning the constitutional Habsburg monarchy which allowed her to travel. In the second letter, she had changed her mind fundamentaly because she concidered the congress only a feminist one which was dedicated to feminist issues and would ignore political and national questions. She told Sokolová-Seidlová that she cancelled the journey because of the Russian and Prussian delegation which she judged as supporters of anti-Polish rpressions in the partitions and ignorant against the national question. She explicitly subordinated women’s issues to political and national issues (implicitely independence of Poland). KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Empire and Feminism; Political and Human Rights; Women and International Politics; Habsburg Empire; Galicia; Bohemia/Chechy; Chicago; Prussia; Russia
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
06 April 1893, 1893
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Maria Wyslouchowa, 1858-1905
Person Discussed
Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit, 1859-1921
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Socialism, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Protection, Empire and Feminism, Polish
×
![[Letter from] Wyslouchowa Marja [to] Sokolové-Seidlové Vilmé, February 01, 1893](https://d3crmev290s45i.cloudfront.net/content/1009375xxx/1009375667/1009375667-size-exact-140x0.jpg "[Letter from] Wyslouchowa Marja [to] Sokolové-Seidlové Vilmé, February 01, 1893")
See details
[Letter from] Wyslouchowa Marja [to] Sokolové-Seidlové Vilmé, February 01, 1893
written by Maria Wyslouchowa, 1858-1905 (Památník národního písemnictví, Praha, fond Sokolová-Seidlová Vilma 33/44) (01 February 1893) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Letters from Maria Wysłouchowa to Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová. DESCRIPTION: Maria Wysłouchowa (1858-1905) was a teacher and a famous activist in national and peasants’ politics. With her husband the politician and editor Bolesław Wysłouch (1855-1937) she moved from the Russian partition to Galicia where...
Sample
written by Maria Wyslouchowa, 1858-1905 (Památník národního písemnictví, Praha, fond Sokolová-Seidlová Vilma 33/44) (01 February 1893) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Letters from Maria Wysłouchowa to Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová. DESCRIPTION: Maria Wysłouchowa (1858-1905) was a teacher and a famous activist in national and peasants’ politics. With her husband the politician and editor Bolesław Wysłouch (1855-1937) she moved from the Russian partition to Galicia where the couple built up a democratic and socialist peasants’ movement. Since 1889, they published its organ “Przyjaciel ludu (The Peop...
TITLE: Letters from Maria Wysłouchowa to Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová. DESCRIPTION: Maria Wysłouchowa (1858-1905) was a teacher and a famous activist in national and peasants’ politics. With her husband the politician and editor Bolesław Wysłouch (1855-1937) she moved from the Russian partition to Galicia where the couple built up a democratic and socialist peasants’ movement. Since 1889, they published its organ “Przyjaciel ludu (The People’s Friend)” and in 1895 Wysłouchowa supported her husband in founding the party “StronnictwoLudowe (Peasants’ Party).” Due to Habsburg Law, as a woman she was not allowed to be a member of a political party. Wysłouchowa wrote and published a huge number of articles and brochures on Polish history and culture and was active in adult education, in particular in peasants’ education. Though she was not at the center of the women’s movement, she nevertheless cultivated contacts to Polish and Czech feminists. One of her favorite contacts was Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová (1859-1941), a Czech writer and publisher, with whom she corresponded a lot and told her about several events concerning her political activities and writing experiences. The letters from February1 and April 6, 1893, are dedicated to Wysłouchowa’s reflectionson the “Congress of Women” held in Chicago in the same year. She had been invated by Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit (1859-1921), a leader of the Polish women’s movement from Warsaw, to represent the movement on the international congress. In the first letter Wysłouchowa hesitated because she felt unpleasant as a representative; nevertheless, she stresses the necessity because of her privileged situation concerning the constitutional Habsburg monarchy which allowed her to travel. In the second letter, she had changed her mind fundamentaly because she concidered the congress only a feminist one which was dedicated to feminist issues and would ignore political and national questions. She told Sokolová-Seidlová that she cancelled the journey because of the Russian and Prussian delegation which she judged as supporters of anti-Polish rpressions in the partitions and ignorant against the national question. She explicitly subordinated women’s issues to political and national issues (implicitely independence of Poland). KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Empire and Feminism; Political and Human Rights; Women and International Politics; Habsburg Empire; Galicia; Bohemia/Chechy; Chicago; Prussia; Russia
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
01 February 1893, 1893
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Maria Wyslouchowa, 1858-1905
Person Discussed
Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit, 1859-1921
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Socialism, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Polish
×
See details
m g nc (Mrs. Gábor Magyar) to A Nő és a Társadalom szerkesztősége, Balmazújváros, 26 March 1919
written by Gábor Magyar, fl. 1910 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (26 March 1919) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: m g nc (Mrs. Gábor Magyar) to A Nő és a Társadalom szerkesztősége [Editorial Board of Woman and Society], Balmazújváros, 26 March 1919. DESCRIPTION: This card belongs to a group of letters, which gives information on a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Easte...
Sample
written by Gábor Magyar, fl. 1910 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (26 March 1919) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: m g nc (Mrs. Gábor Magyar) to A Nő és a Társadalom szerkesztősége [Editorial Board of Woman and Society], Balmazújváros, 26 March 1919. DESCRIPTION: This card belongs to a group of letters, which gives information on a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and the relationship between them and the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete). See also, Péter Veres, “A femi...
TITLE: m g nc (Mrs. Gábor Magyar) to A Nő és a Társadalom szerkesztősége [Editorial Board of Woman and Society], Balmazújváros, 26 March 1919. DESCRIPTION: This card belongs to a group of letters, which gives information on a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and the relationship between them and the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete). See also, Péter Veres, “A feministák [The Feminists],” in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd ed. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944), 231–243 (14pp.); as well as the correspondence with Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. István Bordás, Mrs. István Szabó, Rosika Schwimmer, and the Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association]. The letter discusses the following issues: whether women’s suffrage will really become a reality; the activities of the women of Balmazújváros with regard to a petition to the King, referring also to the role of the local authorities, and, most likely in connection with the petition, the difficulties of the local population to sustain itself; the speech that will be given by the (moderate agrarian-socialist social democratic politician) Vilmos Mezőfi. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; World War I; Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary Francis Joseph; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Peasant Women of Balmazújváros; Habsburg Empire; Hungary.
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
26 March 1919, 1919
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Gábor Magyar, fl. 1910
Person Discussed
Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1830-1916
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
×
See details
Mrs. Dr. Jenö Erdélyi and Mrs. Imre Turcsányi, Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Feministák Egyesülete, Szeged, 2 July 1916
written by Imre Turcsányi, fl. 1916 and Jenö Erdélyi, 1881-1971 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (02 July 1916) , 3 page(s)
TITLE: Mrs. Dr. Jenö Erdélyi and Mrs. Imre Turcsányi, Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association of Szeged to Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Szeged, 2 July 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time had been...
Sample
written by Imre Turcsányi, fl. 1916 and Jenö Erdélyi, 1881-1971 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (02 July 1916) , 3 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Mrs. Dr. Jenö Erdélyi and Mrs. Imre Turcsányi, Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association of Szeged to Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Szeged, 2 July 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time had been denied permission for a festive assembly. The Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) at the time was the leading progressive-li...
TITLE: Mrs. Dr. Jenö Erdélyi and Mrs. Imre Turcsányi, Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association of Szeged to Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Szeged, 2 July 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time had been denied permission for a festive assembly. The Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) at the time was the leading progressive-liberal women’s organization in Hungary. In this carefully designed document, the Feminist Association of Szeged responds to the incident, walking a discursive tightrope in terms of conyeying its critical views with regard to the Great War without going too far in terms of direct opposition. Referring to the war time relief work in which the group is involved, the unrelenting moral principles that inform its world view, exaggerated nationalism, and the yoke of the war-time political restrictions, the document declares: “We do the grand work at home with enthusiastic devotion, yet with our arms we reach out, so as to embrace to our heart the women of the whole world.” The great work that Róza Schwimmer (Rosika Schwimmer) does – the character of which is not made explicit – constitutes a manifesto that is to guide the Hungarian women’s movement. Further sections of the document give some of the atmosphere of intellectual and political oppression and hardship as felt by the group. The document is signed by Mrs. Erdélyi and Mrs. Turcsányi, in the name of the complete Board of the Feminist Association of Szeged. The Feminist Association had planned to hold a Congress in June 1916, yet did not receive the permission to do so. However, the speeches and other content of the Congress, including its annual report, could soon be published. See also, “Mrs. Imre Turcsányi to Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged), Szeged, 27 June 1916” (Letter, Szeged, June 27, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; “Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916” (Letter, Szeged, June 29, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; and “Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Igen tisztelt Tagtárs! [[Feminist Association of Szeged to Valued Member], Szeged, 17 July 1916” (Letter, Szeged, July 17, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; World War I; Women’s War Time Activism; Vilma Glücklich; Liberal-Progressive Women’s Movement as Spread in Hungary; Habsburg Empire
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
02 July 1916, 1916
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Recipient Organization
Feminist Association, Hungary
Author / Creator
Imre Turcsányi, fl. 1916, Jenö Erdélyi, 1881-1971
Person Discussed
Vilma Glücklich, 1872-1927
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Non-aligned Social Movements, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
×
