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Drugi kongres československih ženskinja
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 9, January 9, 1908, pp. 193-196 (1908), 4 page(s)
TITLE: The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women. DESCRIPTION: This report discusses the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Wo...
Sample
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 9, January 9, 1908, pp. 193-196 (1908), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women. DESCRIPTION: This report discusses the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian...
TITLE: The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women. DESCRIPTION: This report discusses the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The editor of the journal was Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and who was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad in 1874. The article claims that the second congress of Czechoslovak women was organized on the occasion of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of Francis Joseph’s reign, and reports that several pan-Slavic congresses have been organized on the occasion with the aim to strengthen the cooperation in the cultural and economic sphere. Delfa Ivanić (1881-1972) from Belgrade and Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1957) from Zagreb participated in the congress and were elected honorary vice-presidents of the congress. The congress discussed questions such as women’s position in society, family, state and culture. The report praises the Slavic cooperation and in closing discusses the possibilities of organizing the congress of Serbian women “on this side” (meaning, in Austria-Hungary rather than Serbia), which, according to some, should have occurred before the Chzechoslovak women’s congress. For the speech held by Delfa Ivanić on the occasion, see Delfa Ivanić, “Govor g-đe Delfe Ivanićke na kongresu slovenskih žena, koji je održan u Pragu o.g. (1) [The speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the congress of Slavic women held in Prague this year (1)],” Ženski svet, January 10, 1908; and Delfa Ivanić, “Govor g-đe Delfe Ivanićke na kongresu slovenskih žena, koji je održan u Pragu o.g. (2) [The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (2)],” Ženski svet, January 11, 1908. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Second Congress of Czechoslovak women; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Women and Statehood; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women and Statehood; Empire and Feminism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Austria; Novi Sad; Vojvodina; Serbia; Prague; Bohemia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women
Date Published / Released
09 January 1908, 1908
Person Discussed
Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972, Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Nationality Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Croatians, Serbians, Slavs, Czechs
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Egy percz
written by Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, in Obzor, no. 251, October 31, 1896, p. NA (1896), 2 page(s)
TITLE: One Minute. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and the most popular Croatian writer. In this short newspaper article, the author, identified as (female) patriot, describes her train travel from the regio...
Sample
written by Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, in Obzor, no. 251, October 31, 1896, p. NA (1896), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: One Minute. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and the most popular Croatian writer. In this short newspaper article, the author, identified as (female) patriot, describes her train travel from the region of Syrmia to Zagreb. She criticizes the use of Hungarian and German languages on railways, since passengers in Syrmia and Slavonia, m...
TITLE: One Minute. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and the most popular Croatian writer. In this short newspaper article, the author, identified as (female) patriot, describes her train travel from the region of Syrmia to Zagreb. She criticizes the use of Hungarian and German languages on railways, since passengers in Syrmia and Slavonia, mostly peasants, do not understand the announcements and often miss their destination where the train stops only for a minute (“egypercz” in Hungarian). Also referring to the introduction of Hungarian language in gymnasia in Croatia, the author ends the article with the critique of pro-Croatian politicians who fight among themselves for leadership, while the pro-Hungarian party accommodates “the descendants of Arpad.” This article, one of the firsts that Marija Jurić Zagorka published in the daily Obzor in 1896, marks the beginning of her career as the first female political journalist in Croatia. It attracted the attention of the influential Croatian bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who then helped Jurić to get the position of journalist in charge of Hungarian politics in Obzor, where she would work until the end of the First World War. It demonstrates well her life-long interest in national issues, mainstream politics (a rarity among Croatian women active in the public space), and her concern for working classes. The article also presents the every day experience of the railways as an imperial institution. Keywords: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and National Languages; Women Challenging Empire; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Work and Class Identity; Class Discrimination; Habsburg Empire
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957
Date Published / Released
1896
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Class Discrimination, Opposition to Imperialism, Indigenous Languages, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movemen...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Class Discrimination, Opposition to Imperialism, Indigenous Languages, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Croatians
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Govor g-đe Delfe Ivanićke na kongresu slovenskih žena, koji je održan u Pragu o.g. (1)
written by Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 10, January 10, 1908, pp. 223-227 (1908), 5 page(s)
TITLE: The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (1). DESCRIPTION: This speech by Mrs. Delfa Ivanić was given at the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The speech was published in two issues of Ženski svet in October and Nove...
Sample
written by Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 10, January 10, 1908, pp. 223-227 (1908), 5 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (1). DESCRIPTION: This speech by Mrs. Delfa Ivanić was given at the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The speech was published in two issues of Ženski svet in October and November 1908; this document is the first part of the speech. Delfa Ivanić (Podgorica 1881- Belgrade 1972) was a Serbian painter, humanita...
TITLE: The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (1). DESCRIPTION: This speech by Mrs. Delfa Ivanić was given at the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The speech was published in two issues of Ženski svet in October and November 1908; this document is the first part of the speech. Delfa Ivanić (Podgorica 1881- Belgrade 1972) was a Serbian painter, humanitarian and activist for women's rights. She graduated from the Serbian High School for Girls in Belgrade in 1897 and began studies of chemistry at the University of Geneva (1897-1899) which she had to end due to the sudden death of her step-father. Together with the painter Nadežda Petrović, she initiated the establishment of a humanitarian women’s organization The Circle of Serbian Sisters (Kolo srpskih sestara) in 1903, which remained active for a long period. Her professional and public work includes the editing of The Circle of Serbian Sisters' bulletin Vardar (‘Vardar’) (1906-1913, 1920-1940) and the struggle for women’s suffrage and equal rights. Delfa Ivanić published over thirty titles, and published in journals such as Ženski pokret (‘Women's Movement,’ Belgrade, 1920-1938) and Domaćica (‘Housewife,’ Belgrade, 1879-1914, 1921-1941). The speech was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The editor of the journal was Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and who was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad in 1874. ¶ In her speech, Delfa Ivanić explains that she is in Prague on the invitation – most likely – of the Central Association of Czech Women (Ústřední spolek český žen) representing the Belgrade Women’s Society (Beogradsko žensko društvo) and The Circle of Serbian Sisters. Ivanić opens the speech by talking about the Serbian “tribe,” according to her, probably the only nation in Europe which is politically “split” to such an extent as it is the case with the Serbian people which lives under “such different political circumstances and influences” (as she explains further, in Austria-Hungary, in Ottoman Empire, Serbia and Montenegro). She explains that for this reason, when talking about Serbian women, one has to differentiate between the circumstances of Serbian women living in the different areas. At the same time, she mentions the “universal attributes of all Serbian women,” which are: kind heart, tameness, natural intelligence, cleverness and easy understanding. In Serbia, there are three types of women: women public workers, women housewives and peasant women. She points to positive and negative sides of life in Serbia. On the one hand, she positively evaluates schooling in Serbia, mentioning that also “our University is full of women.” She describes the struggles of women in Serbia as “very silent, without much effort,” saying that Serbian women easily get all they ask for. For this, she praises the Serbian state, and says Serbian women should be thankful to their state. On the other hand, she mentions the unjust Serbian law which is worse for women as compared to Austria-Hungary. Her examples are inheritance law, property law, and the absence of legal regulations that would protect children born out of wedlock and cheated girls. She also mentions the problem of unequal pay between women and men doing the same work. As she explains, even in the factories women are paid less. Ivanić additionally mentions the difference of the way of life among women from different classes, but she asserts that this difference is much bigger “in the North and West of Europe” as compared to Serbia. Her explanation for this is that Serbia is rich in “necessary groceries” but not in “luxury,” that people are used to “humble life” and “hard work.” Then, she describes the family life of Serbian women. Concerning the morality, she describes Serbian women as “virtuous and honest in a patriarchal way,” and as there is no aristocracy in Serbia, there are no “idle, lazy and pompous women,” nor women like those about whom Ibsen wrote, “who want to live only for themselves, as individuals.” ¶ Ivanić then talks about different women’s associations, including the Belgrade Women’s Society (Beogradsko žensko društvo) which has 25 branch organizations in Serbia, organizes schools for girls from poor families where they can obtain a certificate for teaching in public or private schools. The Belgrade Women’s Society is also involved with the peasant women’s embroidery and handicraft. The Circle of Serbian Sisters has 18 boards in different places in Serbia, not counting Belgrade, the capital. She mentions that Serbian women from urban areas have made more progress than peasant women, who practically have to work all the time. Ivanić speaks about the communal life of peasants in cooperatives (zadruga), where 15-60 people (even more) live and work together, but mentions also that the life of the newly married women is extremely difficult in the cooperatives. Yet she evaluates cooperatives positively and says that rural women should be educated to keep the house cleaner and in a frugal way. The task of Serbian women is to educate Serbian peasant women. Additionally, Ivanić talks about: Serbian women from Montenegro, “another Serbian free country;” Serbian women from Bosnia, Herzegovina and Dalmatia; Serbian women “from this side of the river Sava” (i.e. in Austria-Hungary); finally, the Serbian women from Macedonia and “old” Serbia (still part of Ottoman Empire at the time), with a short description of the history of the Serbian people and the “500 years of slavery under the Ottomans.” The life of Serbs, and especially Serbian women in the Ottoman Empire is evaluated as extremely difficult. After her description of how Serbian women live in two empires and two “free countries,” she explains that the circumstances she has described can explain why Serbian women don’t have the possibility, time, and real need, to create an “extremely feminist organization,” and why they are not demanding for “privileges in the wider possible sense, such is the right to vote.” ¶ It should be added that the Belgrade Women’s Society (Beogradsko žensko društvo) was the first Serbian women’s association in Serbia, established in Belgrade in 1875 under the patronage of Princess, from 1882 Queen, of Serbia Natalija Obrenović. The association was active until 1941, its official journal was Domaćica (‘Housewife’) and the initiator of the organization was Katarina Milovuk, the principal of the High School for Girls in Belgrade. The Circle of Serbian Sisters (Kolo srpskih sestara) was a charitable women’s association established in Belgrade in 1903 on the initiative of Delfa Ivanić, Nadežda Petrović (painter, 1873-1915), Katarina Milovuk (1844-1913), Draga Ljočić (a medical doctor, 1855-1926), and others. The first president of the organization was Savka Subotić. For an overview and cross-reference to Savka Subotić (1834-1918), see “Savka Subotićka. 1834-1904. [Savka Subotić: 1834-1904],” Ženski svet, January 10, 1904. The organization was active helping the Serbian soldiers during the Balkan wars and the Great War/World War I. On the Second Congress, see “Drugi kongres československih ženskinja [The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women],” Ženski svet, January 9, 1908. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Second Congress of Czechoslovak women; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Women and Statehood; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire and Feminism; Women and Statehood; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Women and Education; Access to Higher Education; Access to Primary Education/Literacy; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Work and Class Identity; Handicraft; Embroidery; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Austria; Novi Sad; Vojvodina; Serbia; Prague; Bohemia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972
Date Published / Released
10 January 1908, 1908
Person Discussed
Draga Ljočić, 1855-1926, Savka Subotić, 1834-1914, Katarina Milovuk, 1844-1913, Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874, Nadežda Petrović, fl. 1903, Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Household Crafts, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Ser...
Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Household Crafts, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Serbians, Slavs, Czechs
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Govor g-đe Delfe Ivanićke na kongresu slovenskih žena, koji je održan u Pragu o.g. (2)
written by Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 11, January 11, 1908, pp. 246-254 (1908), 9 page(s)
TITLE: The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (2). DESCRIPTION: This speech by Mrs. Delfa Ivanić was given at the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The speech was published in two issues of Ženski svet in October and Nove...
Sample
written by Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 11, January 11, 1908, pp. 246-254 (1908), 9 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (2). DESCRIPTION: This speech by Mrs. Delfa Ivanić was given at the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The speech was published in two issues of Ženski svet in October and November 1908; this document is the second part of the speech. Delfa Ivanić (Podgorica 1881- Belgrade 1972) was a Serbian painter, humanit...
TITLE: The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (2). DESCRIPTION: This speech by Mrs. Delfa Ivanić was given at the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The speech was published in two issues of Ženski svet in October and November 1908; this document is the second part of the speech. Delfa Ivanić (Podgorica 1881- Belgrade 1972) was a Serbian painter, humanitarian and activist for women's rights. She graduated from the Serbian High School for Girls in Belgrade in 1897 and began studies of chemistry at the University of Geneva (1897-1899) which she had to end due to the sudden death of her step-father. Together with the painter Nadežda Petrović, she initiated the establishment of a humanitarian women’s organization The Circle of Serbian Sisters (Kolo srpskih sestara) in 1903, which remained active for a long period. Her professional and public work includes the editing of The Circle of Serbian Sisters' bulletin Vardar (‘Vardar’) (1906-1913, 1920-1940) and the struggle for women’s suffrage and equal rights. Delfa Ivanić published over thirty titles, and published in journals such as Ženski pokret (‘Women's Movement,’ Belgrade, 1920-1938) and Domaćica (‘Housewife,’ Belgrade, 1879-1914, 1921-1941). The speech was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The editor of the journal was Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and who was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad in 1874. ¶ In her speech, Delfa Ivanić explains that she is in Prague on the invitation – most likely – of the Central Association of Czech Women (Ústřední spolek český žen) representing the Belgrade Women’s Society (Beogradsko žensko društvo) and The Circle of Serbian Sisters. Ivanić opens the speech by talking about the Serbian “tribe,” according to her, probably the only nation in Europe which is politically “split” to such an extent as it is the case with the Serbian people which lives under “such different political circumstances and influences” (as she explains further, in Austria-Hungary, in Ottoman Empire, Serbia and Montenegro). She explains that for this reason, when talking about Serbian women, one has to differentiate between the circumstances of Serbian women living in the different areas. At the same time, she mentions the “universal attributes of all Serbian women,” which are: kind heart, tameness, natural intelligence, cleverness and easy understanding. In Serbia, there are three types of women: women public workers, women housewives and peasant women. She points to positive and negative sides of life in Serbia. On the one hand, she positively evaluates schooling in Serbia, mentioning that also “our University is full of women.” She describes the struggles of women in Serbia as “very silent, without much effort,” saying that Serbian women easily get all they ask for. For this, she praises the Serbian state, and says Serbian women should be thankful to their state. On the other hand, she mentions the unjust Serbian law which is worse for women as compared to Austria-Hungary. Her examples are inheritance law, property law, and the absence of legal regulations that would protect children born out of wedlock and cheated girls. She also mentions the problem of unequal pay between women and men doing the same work. As she explains, even in the factories women are paid less. Ivanić additionally mentions the difference of the way of life among women from different classes, but she asserts that this difference is much bigger “in the North and West of Europe” as compared to Serbia. Her explanation for this is that Serbia is rich in “necessary groceries” but not in “luxury,” that people are used to “humble life” and “hard work.” Then, she describes the family life of Serbian women. Concerning the morality, she describes Serbian women as “virtuous and honest in a patriarchal way,” and as there is no aristocracy in Serbia, there are no “idle, lazy and pompous women,” nor women like those about whom Ibsen wrote, “who want to live only for themselves, as individuals.” ¶ Ivanić then talks about different women’s associations, including the Belgrade Women’s Society (Beogradsko žensko društvo) which has 25 branch organizations in Serbia, organizes schools for girls from poor families where they can obtain a certificate for teaching in public or private schools. The Belgrade Women’s Society is also involved with the peasant women’s embroidery and handicraft. The Circle of Serbian Sisters has 18 boards in different places in Serbia, not counting Belgrade, the capital. She mentions that Serbian women from urban areas have made more progress than peasant women, who practically have to work all the time. Ivanić speaks about the communal life of peasants in cooperatives (zadruga), where 15-60 people (even more) live and work together, but mentions also that the life of the newly married women is extremely difficult in the cooperatives. Yet she evaluates cooperatives positively and says that rural women should be educated to keep the house cleaner and in a frugal way. The task of Serbian women is to educate Serbian peasant women. Additionally, Ivanić talks about: Serbian women from Montenegro, “another Serbian free country;” Serbian women from Bosnia, Herzegovina and Dalmatia; Serbian women “from this side of the river Sava” (i.e. in Austria-Hungary); finally, the Serbian women from Macedonia and “old” Serbia (still part of Ottoman Empire at the time), with a short description of the history of the Serbian people and the “500 years of slavery under the Ottomans.” The life of Serbs, and especially Serbian women in the Ottoman Empire is evaluated as extremely difficult. After her description of how Serbian women live in two empires and two “free countries,” she explains that the circumstances she has described can explain why Serbian women don’t have the possibility, time, and real need, to create an “extremely feminist organization,” and why they are not demanding for “privileges in the wider possible sense, such is the right to vote.” ¶ It should be added that the Belgrade Women’s Society (Beogradsko žensko društvo) was the first Serbian women’s association in Serbia, established in Belgrade in 1875 under the patronage of Princess, from 1882 Queen, of Serbia Natalija Obrenović. The association was active until 1941, its official journal was Domaćica (‘Housewife’) and the initiator of the organization was Katarina Milovuk, the principal of the High School for Girls in Belgrade. The Circle of Serbian Sisters (Kolo srpskih sestara) was a charitable women’s association established in Belgrade in 1903 on the initiative of Delfa Ivanić, Nadežda Petrović (painter, 1873-1915), Katarina Milovuk (1844-1913), Draga Ljočić (a medical doctor, 1855-1926), and others. The first president of the organization was Savka Subotić. For an overview and cross-reference to Savka Subotić (1834-1918), see “Savka Subotićka. 1834-1904. [Savka Subotić: 1834-1904],” Ženski svet, January 10, 1904. The organization was active helping the Serbian soldiers during the Balkan wars and the Great War/World War I. On the Second Congress, see “Drugi kongres československih ženskinja [The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women],” Ženski svet, January 9, 1908. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Second Congress of Czechoslovak women; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Women and Statehood; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire and Feminism; Women and Statehood; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Women and Education; Access to Higher Education; Access to Primary Education/Literacy; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Work and Class Identity; Handicraft; Embroidery; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Austria; Novi Sad; Vojvodina; Serbia; Prague; Bohemia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972
Date Published / Released
11 January 1908, 1908
Person Discussed
Draga Ljočić, 1855-1926, Savka Subotić, 1834-1914, Katarina Milovuk, 1844-1913, Nadežda Petrović, fl. 1903, Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874, Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972
Topic / Theme
Women and Immigration, Women and Education, Women and Development, Work and Class Identity, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationality Rights, Indigenous Languages, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Access to Higher Education, Household Crafts, Labor Standards, Empire and Feminism, Access to Primar...
Women and Immigration, Women and Education, Women and Development, Work and Class Identity, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationality Rights, Indigenous Languages, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Access to Higher Education, Household Crafts, Labor Standards, Empire and Feminism, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Czechs, Serbians
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Hrvatska izborna reforma i žene
written by Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, in Ženski svijet, Vol. I, Issue 4, December 1, 1917, pp. 145-146 (1917), 2 page(s)
TITLE: Croatian Electoral Reform and Women. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was a Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and a most popular Croatian writer. The text is an engaged manifest written by one of the most influential female public figures...
Sample
written by Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, in Ženski svijet, Vol. I, Issue 4, December 1, 1917, pp. 145-146 (1917), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Croatian Electoral Reform and Women. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was a Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and a most popular Croatian writer. The text is an engaged manifest written by one of the most influential female public figures at that time. It is published in the newly founded magazine Ženskisvijet (Women’s world), edited by Zofka Kveder. The author discuss...
TITLE: Croatian Electoral Reform and Women. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was a Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and a most popular Croatian writer. The text is an engaged manifest written by one of the most influential female public figures at that time. It is published in the newly founded magazine Ženskisvijet (Women’s world), edited by Zofka Kveder. The author discusses the new proposal for the extension of suffrage to all male citizens, presented to the Croatian Parliament in 1917. She argues in favor of women’s suffrage, highlighting that the state gives duties to citizens of both sexes, hence the need for equality in rights. The main part of the article is devoted to discussing the inexistence of a separate women’s movement for women’s rights in countries that are not independent, as opposed to the independent ones. Referring to the common struggle of both men and women in Croatia during history, and especially in the general national struggle against “Pest” (i.e. Budapest as the center of the Hungarian half of the Empire), the author points out that Croatian women refused a separate struggle, as well as an alliance with Hungarian feminists in the fight for women’s suffrage. She refers to a recent visit of an unnamed Hungarian feminist who visited Zagreb and invited Croatian women to overcome Croatian-Hungarian tensions and join Hungarian women in demonstrations for women’s suffrage. While the Croats refused the invitation from Budapest, they sent a delegate to Prague, to a congress of Czech women, where they demonstrated together against the suppression of national rights of Slavic peoples. (Zagorka here probably refers to the Seventh Congress of the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance held in 1913 in Budapest, and the related meeting of Slavic women held in Prague from 8th to the 12th of June 1913, see also 20476). Zagorka’s argumentation in favor of women’s suffrage is based not only on the principles of democracy and equality, but also on the historical merit of Croatian women who shared all nationalist efforts with their male compatriots, giving priority to national struggle over the feminist one. Keywords: Women and Nation within Empire; Relations between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Relationship between Nations in the Empire; Empire and Feminism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957
Date Published / Released
01 December 1917, 1917
Topic / Theme
Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Nationality Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Social and Cultural Rights, Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Croatians, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Hungary XI, No 12 Complimentary Number: The World's Women's Congress, Budapest, 1913
(Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 51), in Hungary: The World's Women's Congress, Budapest, 1913, Vol. 11 no. 12, Complimentary Number, 1913, pp. 189-232 (Budapest, Budapest County, 1913), 44 page(s)
KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary Francis Joseph; Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; István Bárczy Major of Budapest; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the In...
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(Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 51), in Hungary: The World's Women's Congress, Budapest, 1913, Vol. 11 no. 12, Complimentary Number, 1913, pp. 189-232 (Budapest, Budapest County, 1913), 44 page(s)
Description
KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary Francis Joseph; Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; István Bárczy Major of Budapest; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Advertizing Hungary; Hungarian Attractio...
KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary Francis Joseph; Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; István Bárczy Major of Budapest; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Advertizing Hungary; Hungarian Attractions; Hungarian Institutions; Child Protection; Visit to Child Protection Institutions; Hungarian Development
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Date Published / Released
1913
Person Discussed
István Bárczy, 1866-1943, Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1830-1916
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Human Rights, Suffrage, Empire and Feminism, Hungarians
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Indreptatire politica femeilor!
written by Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954, in Adevarul-Glasul Poporulu, December 2, 1918, p. NA (1918), 2 page(s)
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1...
Sample
written by Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954, in Adevarul-Glasul Poporulu, December 2, 1918, p. NA (1918), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1885-1954) was a teacher and politician, a prominent member of the Social-democratic Party in Transylvania. She was a participant in int...
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1885-1954) was a teacher and politician, a prominent member of the Social-democratic Party in Transylvania. She was a participant in international congresses, among which (in all likelihood) the 1913 International Suffrage Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), in Budapest. Beginning with 1912, she published on feminist themes in Romanian-language, social-democratic journals. Simultaneously a member of the Reunion of Romanian Women network, she taught literature and foreign languages in the Reunion's Sibiu secondary school. Together with other socialist leaders, she participated in the 1919 Paris negotiations to help convince outside socialist entities of the importance of a unified Romania. The 1918 Resolution proclaiming Transylvania’s union with the Kingdom of Romania included a provision for universal suffrage, at her insistence. She would resign, together with other Socialists, from her post as Minister of Labour in the transitional, government-like body of the Consiliul Dirigent/Transylvanian Guidance Council on account of the Bucharest central government’s dithering on the suffrage question. Art III.3 of the Resolution mentioned in this newspaper clipping called for “popular, direct, equal, secret vote, per village commune, proportionally, for both sexes, aged at least 21 years for representation in village communes, counties or parliament.” Lemény’s article argues that the provision built on the growing recognition of women’s long-standing political efforts for the national and social cause; she guarantees that “the future will show how much labor power, how much energy of thought has been squandered until now by disregarding women’s political work.” The document highlights the ideological diversity which existed among women involved in the Reuniunile Femeilor Române/Reunions of Romanian Women, the Transylvanian Romanian nationalist associations dedicated to philanthropy and women’s education. Secondly, the document signals discussions on suffrage in a post-imperial setting. Lemény’s biography reveals the importance of transnational connections, within and outside the Habsburg Empire for the genesis of these ideological positions. Her stance on the “national question” for instance, was compatible with the Austro-Marxist tradition, a current of thought which considered nationalist identifications to not be merely superstructural. The article also spotlights the largely-forgotten figure of Eleonora Lemény. Finally, it shows the influence of left-leaning versions of feminism in shaping political realities in Transylvania before and after 1918. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; State Sovereignty; International Peace; Women and International Relations; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Women and Education; Women as Teachers; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Eleonora Lemenyi/ Nora Lemeny/ Lemenyi/Lemeny/ Lemeni/ Lemenyi-Rozvan/ Lemeny-Rozvany; Transylvania; Hermannstadt; Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women; Women’s Associations.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954
Date Published / Released
02 December 1918, 1918
Person Discussed
Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Women as Teachers, Huma...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Women as Teachers, Human Rights, Socialism, Social and Political Leadership, Domestic/National Sovereignty, International Peace, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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'Making the World a Better Place': Welfare and Politics, Welfare as Politics? Activities of Jewish Women in Vienna before 1938
written by Elisabeth Malleier, 1961-, in Aschkenas. Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Juden, Vol. 16, 2006, pp. 261-268 (2006), 8 page(s)
Sample
written by Elisabeth Malleier, 1961-, in Aschkenas. Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Juden, Vol. 16, 2006, pp. 261-268 (2006), 8 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Elisabeth Malleier, 1961-
Date Published / Released
2006
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Jews, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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O kobiecie zydowskiej
written by Female Zionists (L’vivs’ka natsional’na naukova biblioteka Ukrainy imeni Vasylia Stefanyka (Stefanyk National Science Library, L’viv)), in Przyszłość [Future], Vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 50-52 (1898), 3 page(s)
TITLE: About Jewish Woman. DESCRIPTION: The article reviews the brochure “An die jüdischen Frauen. EinAppell zur Umkehr” [To the Jewish Women. An Appeal to Revers] by Rosa Pomeranz (RóżaPomeranc-Melcer/Melzerowa) (1873-1934)]. The brochure was published in 1898. Pomeranz, an author and politician, was the l...
Sample
written by Female Zionists (L’vivs’ka natsional’na naukova biblioteka Ukrainy imeni Vasylia Stefanyka (Stefanyk National Science Library, L’viv)), in Przyszłość [Future], Vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 50-52 (1898), 3 page(s)
Description
TITLE: About Jewish Woman. DESCRIPTION: The article reviews the brochure “An die jüdischen Frauen. EinAppell zur Umkehr” [To the Jewish Women. An Appeal to Revers] by Rosa Pomeranz (RóżaPomeranc-Melcer/Melzerowa) (1873-1934)]. The brochure was published in 1898. Pomeranz, an author and politician, was the leading woman in the Zionist movement in Galicia and one of the first female delegates at the Zionist Congress in Basel. The female revi...
TITLE: About Jewish Woman. DESCRIPTION: The article reviews the brochure “An die jüdischen Frauen. EinAppell zur Umkehr” [To the Jewish Women. An Appeal to Revers] by Rosa Pomeranz (RóżaPomeranc-Melcer/Melzerowa) (1873-1934)]. The brochure was published in 1898. Pomeranz, an author and politician, was the leading woman in the Zionist movement in Galicia and one of the first female delegates at the Zionist Congress in Basel. The female reviewer is unknown, she signed just with Syonistka (female Zionist). The review threw light on a dispute between these two Zionist women how to gain women for the Zionist movement. The reviewer on the whole praised the appeal. She agrees with Pomeranz’s conviction that Zionism was the only solution to retain Jewishness; paying attention to Jewish history, literature and language a way to true Jewishness which was found in biblical times. The article summarizes: Pomeranz pointed out that only through reflections on old times a modern Jewish nation could come into being, and depicted different groups of Jewish women and their distrust, ignorance or indifference towards Zionism and/or Jewishness. Nevertheless, Syonistka criticizes that Pomeranzwas not attentive enough to the needs of Jewish women, especially to their attraction to modern ideas like feminism or socialism. From her point of view the brochure is missing both a program and goals for Zionist women. Studying Jewish history, literature and language was not enough. On the contrary, strengthening only these aspects would explain the stagnation of female Zionist circles. The article calls for more offers of interesting activities for Jewish women to win them for Zionism. KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Empire silenced; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Education; Women and Religion; Habsburg Empire; Galicia; Jewish Diaspora
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Female Zionists
Date Published / Released
1898
Person Discussed
Rosa Pomeranz, 1873-1934
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Women and Education, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Empire and Education, Jews
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Paní Božena Viková-Kunětická
in Živena, Vol. 4 no. 10, 1912, pp. 351-352 (1912), 2 page(s)
TITLE: Ms. Božena Viková-Kunětická. DESCRIPTION: The women’s journal, Živena, founded in 1910, was connected to the Slovak women’s association Živena and edited by its chairwoman Elena Maróthy-Šoltésová (1855-1939), Slovak writer, editor and publicist and a leading figure of Slovak women’s activism...
Sample
in Živena, Vol. 4 no. 10, 1912, pp. 351-352 (1912), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Ms. Božena Viková-Kunětická. DESCRIPTION: The women’s journal, Živena, founded in 1910, was connected to the Slovak women’s association Živena and edited by its chairwoman Elena Maróthy-Šoltésová (1855-1939), Slovak writer, editor and publicist and a leading figure of Slovak women’s activism. She is also most likely the author of the text. The text deals with the election of the Czech speaking writer Božena Viková Kuněti...
TITLE: Ms. Božena Viková-Kunětická. DESCRIPTION: The women’s journal, Živena, founded in 1910, was connected to the Slovak women’s association Živena and edited by its chairwoman Elena Maróthy-Šoltésová (1855-1939), Slovak writer, editor and publicist and a leading figure of Slovak women’s activism. She is also most likely the author of the text. The text deals with the election of the Czech speaking writer Božena Viková Kunětická (1862-1934) to the Bohemian Provincial (crown land) Diet in 1912. Božena Viková-Kunětická was the first woman elected to the (regional) parliament in the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1913 she refused to attend the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) in Budapest after she hadn’t been allowed to give her speech in Czech or Slovak language – which were not the official languages of the Congress – and after her proposition to include the protest against the situation of the Slovak nation in Hungary into the official program of the congress hadn’t been taken into account by the organizers. The author writes about the event from the perspective of Slovak nationalism. She points out that the election of the woman to the diet was such a surprising event that it even surpassed the “old German-Slavic resentment.” She states that Viková-Kunětická was warmly welcomed by the German speaking women at the women's election congress in Munich, Germany on September 23, 1912 and her speech was appreciated there. The author of the article appreciates that Viková-Kunětická condemned the suppression of the Slavs in Austria-Hungary and in particular showed sympathy with the Slovaks in her speech at the congress in Munich. She also appreciates Kunětická’s attitude towards the IWSA congress in Budapest. According to the author Czech women can be satisfied with their representative to the Bohemian diet. She expresses the gratitude for her interest in Slovak women. See also, “Náš mladý král’ovský pár [Our Young Royal Couple],” Živena 7, no. 12 (December 1916): 236–237 (2pp.). Cooperation between Slovak and Czech (Bohemian and Moravian) women, and the topos of Slovak-Czech brotherhood and sisterhood transcended the separation of these nationalities speaking Slavic languages within the Habsburg Monarchy. The Czech lands belonged to Austria (Cisleithania) while the Slovakian lands belonged to Hungary. Austria and Hungary formed the two constitutive parts of the Habsburg Monarchy, each of which was in charge of its own domestic politics, including suffrage. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire and Feminism; Empire and Internationalism; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Suffrage; Habsburg Empire; Cisleithania; Hungary; Slovakia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Date Published / Released
1912
Person Discussed
Božena Viková-Kunětická, 1862-1934
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Suffrage, Social and Cultural Rights, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovak
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