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Actes du Congrès Féministe International de Bruxelles, publiés par les soins de Mlle Marie Popelin, organisé par la Ligue Belge du Droit...
written by Ligue belge du droit des femmes (Brussels, Bruxelles Region: C. Bulens, 1898), 168 page(s)
This text outlines the proceedings of the International Feminist Congress held in Brussels, in the summer of 1897. The international group focused on five major themes: women’s civic rights; the nature of patriarchy; women’s economic rights; the status of the feminist movement; and women and public charity. In...
written by Ligue belge du droit des femmes (Brussels, Bruxelles Region: C. Bulens, 1898), 168 page(s)
Description
This text outlines the proceedings of the International Feminist Congress held in Brussels, in the summer of 1897. The international group focused on five major themes: women’s civic rights; the nature of patriarchy; women’s economic rights; the status of the feminist movement; and women and public charity. In the discussion on women’s civic rights, a number of speakers addressed concerns brought forth by a new German civic code with attent...
This text outlines the proceedings of the International Feminist Congress held in Brussels, in the summer of 1897. The international group focused on five major themes: women’s civic rights; the nature of patriarchy; women’s economic rights; the status of the feminist movement; and women and public charity. In the discussion on women’s civic rights, a number of speakers addressed concerns brought forth by a new German civic code with attention also given to English and Russian women’s civic status. The second session, which investigated men’s social and biological roles, questioned the degree to which male privilege is socially constructed. In the discussion of women’s economic rights, many speakers linked the idea of economic independence with the goals of feminism––itself a topic elaborated upon in the Congress’s fourth session. The fifth and final session looked at women’s participation in charitable organizations, and hypothesized on how to make women’s public work in this arena more socially palatable.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, International
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Proceeding
Author / Creator
Ligue belge du droit des femmes
Date Published / Released
1898
Publisher
C. Bulens
Series
Proceedings of Independent Feminist Congresses
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women
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Az alakuló Noképzo-Egyesület programmja.1867; Alapszabály. 1868
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 702-705 (1902), 4 page(s)
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1...
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 702-705 (1902), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book c...
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book contains an extensive account of the life and activities of Beniczky and reprints of many original documents. Hermin Beniczky, usually remembered as Mrs. Pál Veres (1815-1895), was a pioneer of Hungarian women’s education, founder in 1868 of the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző-Egyesület) and its long-term President, and co-founder in 1869 of the first high school for girls in Hungary. See the biographical summary of her in Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 54-57. The extracts selected include a collection of writings dating from the period 1865–69. These include Beniczky’s calls from 1865 and 1867, her treatise from 1868 and documents of her lobbying with the governing party from 1868–69, when she submitted a petition signed by nine thousand women to the Hungarian parliament, requesting a law on higher women’s schools with public funding. In her writings, Beniczky condemned the exclusive concern for languages and etiquette in the upbringing of upper-class girls and argued that a more meaningful education would also help secure a livelihood for unmarried and widowed women. Taking note of a general shift from physical towards intellectual work, she set out a broad range of possible female careers. However, she kept distancing herself from any more far-reaching concept of women’s emancipation. There is also a portrait of Beniczky. Another selection from Beniczky’s writings from the period 1869 to 1883, includes opening speeches from the Association’s general assembly meetings, letters, papers and addresses. The initiative to finance higher women’s schools from public funds failed in lack of political backing. The central school, however, got under way in 1869 with Hungarian as the sole language of instruction, and although Beniczky complained about high attrition rates, it soon launched a teacher training track as well. Finally, a selection from the documents from the period 1869–94 include the statutes of the National Association, the first curriculum of the central school for the two lower grades, a report on its opening, a call by the Association to celebrate the royal couple’s 25 year coronation jubilee (Francis Joseph was Emperor of Austria since 1848 but had been crowned King of Hungary only in 1867), its congratulatory letter sent on the same occasion, and contributions to the 25 year jubilee of the National Association itself in 1893. The curriculum is remarkable for giving a close glimpse at Beniczky’s ambitious vision of women’s education. Girls of thirteen to fourteen years of age in the general track studied all of the following subjects: art history, aesthetics, pedagogy, hygienic, Hungarian, German and French, arithmetic, drawing, thinking, ethics, Hungarian cultural history and civics, Hungarian literary history and chemistry applied to the household. A few letters received by Mrs. Veres, writings about her, and writings which address her activities and other important events in relation to women’s education, such as for instance the speech by the Minister for education, Gyula Wlassics, on the occasion of the opening of the National Association’s girls’ gymnasium in 1896, are also included. In 1906 a statue was erected in Budapest depicturing Mrs. Veres, wearing a Hungarian national costume. Today, the statue is placed at the beginning of Mrs. Pál Veres Street (Veres Pálné utca) in the inner city of the Hungarian capital. Its pedestal carries the inscription “Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky. She fought for the cause that Woman with her education and her soul may become a factor/agent (tényező) of national welfare.” For more on the sculpture, see Veres Pálné, Beniczky Hermin szobra [The Sculpture of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky] (Budapest, 1906). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Dynasty; Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Empress of Austria; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Women and Education; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male-Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Austria; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Date Published / Released
1902
Person Discussed
Hermin Beniczky, 1815-1895, Elisabeth, Empress, consort of Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1837-1898, Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1830-1916, Gyula Wlassics, 1852-1937
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Access to Higher Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Indigenous La...
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Access to Higher Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Hungarians, Austrians
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The Challenge of Multinational Empire for the International Women's Movement: The Habsburg Monarchy and the Development of Feminist Inter/na...
written by Susan Zimmermann, fl. 2012, in Globalizing Feminisms, 1789-1945, edited by Karen Offen. (London: Routledge, 2010), pp. 153-69, 367-73 (2010), 24 page(s)
written by Susan Zimmermann, fl. 2012, in Globalizing Feminisms, 1789-1945, edited by Karen Offen. (London: Routledge, 2010), pp. 153-69, 367-73 (2010), 24 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Author / Creator
Susan Zimmermann, fl. 2012
Date Published / Released
2010
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Empire and Feminism, Hungarians, Croatians, Austrians, Czechs, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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La Citoyenne, No. 3, 27 février 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 3, February 27, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1800), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 3, February 27, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1800), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert argues in a piece called “The Power of the Vote” that with the franchise, women will have a greater say in social matters, like marriage and divorce, which affect their day to day lives. Also appearing in this issue are meeting notes for the Société le droit des femmes, a short piece on abortion, and an article about Algerian vineyards. Abstract created by Jaime Wadowiec.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
27 February 1800, 1800
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Social and Cultural Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 81, février 1884
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 81, February, 1884 (La Citoyenne, 1884), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 81, February, 1884 (La Citoyenne, 1884), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. This issue includes the first of a four-part series of articles titled, “La femme arabe” (“The Arab Woman”), written by “X,” to whom the paper referred as “Un de nos correspondants…d’Alger.” (“One of Our Algerian Correspondents”). The article explained aspects of Arab women’s lives and status, comparing them to those of French women and questioning the supposedly superior conditions of French women’s lives. Another piece, “Le Remède est là” (“The Remedy is Here”), argued that the current economic crisis would be remedied if women had a role in governmental administration. In “La faim mortelle: supprimée par les femmes” (“Deadly Hunger: Ended by Women”), the anonymous author “Un agronome” (“An Agronomist”) argued that men had failed to feed the hungry, and women should be given the opportunity to do so through governmental participation.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
February 1884, 1884
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Arabs, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 92, janvier 1885
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 92, January, 1885 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1885), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 92, January, 1885 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1885), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert discusses what she considers as the unsuccessful experiment which allowed women to vote in municipal council elections. She continues to call for open and fair elections for all after highlighting the municipal council elections as a fraud. A short article called “Seven Societies” provides the names and enrolment information of seven feminist groups in France. A review of Eugène Pellatan advertises the author as a feminist ally. Finally, the editors reveal that the ongoing question of women’s participation in the 1889 World Exposition was taken up by two additional newspapers, La France libre and Le Figaro. Abstract created by Jaime Wadowiec.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
January 1885, 1885
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Social and Cultural Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women, French, Americans, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 101, octobre 1885
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 101, October, 1885 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1885), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 101, October, 1885 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1885), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue’s opening article, “La royauté des tous les hommes autorisé celle d’un seul homme” (“The Royalty of All Men Has Authorized That of a Single Man”), Hubertine Auclert criticized Parisian male voters for electing a conservative majority and for not voting for any of the six women who ran for the Chamber of Deputies. The piece, “La politique et le ménage” (“Politics and the Household”), argued that women’s disenfranchisement had made men into despots in the home. In “Sus aux négriers” (“Down with the Slave Traders”), an article signed only “M,” it likened opponents of women’s suffrage to slave traders. The article, “Louise Michel et le maire de Noumea” (“Louise Michel and the Mayor of Nouméa”), reported on an article in the newspaper Socialiste (Socialist) that recounted the socialist Paul Lafarge’s visit to the revolutionary anarchist feminist Louise Michel in prison. Michel spoke of her time in France’s South Pacific prison colony in New Caledonia, of how she taught the native Kanak people, and how she recently received a letter from the mayor of New Caledonia’s capital, Nouméa, inviting her to open a school there. The article called for Michel’s release from prison.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
October 1885, 1885
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 114, novembre 1886
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1886), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1886), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, the lead article by “Jeanne Voitout,” a pseudonym meaning "Sees All," complains about the total absence of women among the 43-person commission appointed to organize and oversee the forthcoming Exposition of 1889 and asks for expansion of the group to 50 to include seven women. Auclert also publishes the text of the official response to her petition of the prior May to the Chamber on the rights of unmarried women and pledges to continue petitioning and repetitioning until such rights are won. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
November 1886, 1886
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Suffrage, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 5, 30 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 5, January 30, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 28 page(s)
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 5, 30 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 5, January 30, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 28 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Annie Besant, 1847-1933
Date Published / Released
30 January 1914, 1914
Publisher
Ganesh & Co.
Series
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country
Topic / Theme
Women and Religion, Political and Human Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Social and Cultural Rights, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of R...
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” which focused on women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Baritiu" County Library Brasov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. The Union of Romanian Women reunited approximatively half of the 60 independent Romanian women’s “Reunions” that had appeared in Transylvania since the 1850s. ¶ The speech laid out the purpose of a Union with “centralized power” to direct the activities of the adhering women’s Reunions in Hungary. The document also argued that the Union would direct the activities of women’s Reunions that would form in the future. The goals of the Union outlined by Baiulescu were promoting girls’ education, preserving peasant women’s handicraft traditions, raising “hardworking and thrifty wives and mothers,” promoting charitability among women, and creating a unified orphanage. Finally, according to Baiulescu, “through her disinterested social work woman is becoming an important factor even in states’ lives as only she is capable to resolve somewhat the humanitarian problem.” At first sight, the speech reaffirms and unifies the existing areas of activity of the Union’s members and places them within the politically uncontroversial frame of “republican motherhood.” However, concerning the context of this speech, the Romanian Women’s Union founding congress was scheduled to coincide with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest (3-5 June 1913). Whereas Saxon and Hungarian women’s associations in Transylvania were visible participants at the IWSA Congress, the newly-formed Union abstained from organized participation. The abstention was due to a “silenced or veiled” (but, nevertheless, present) suffrage politics pursued by the Transylvanian Romanian women’s movement in Hungary, one that may have been carried aut through the Romanian National Party’s advocating universal suffrage in the Hungarian Parliament, largely because of governemntal restrictions against minorities associational life in the Kingdom of Hungary ¶ This document points to the existence of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary and the tendencies towards centralization of disparate women’s associations, occurring by the 1910s. Secondly, Baiulescu’s speech reveals the rhetoric that masked the transnational connections and internationally convergent politics some politically-minded Transylvanian Romanian women, although, perhaps, not Maria Baiulescu herself, were pursuing at the time. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labor; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA).
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Su...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Romanians
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