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Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894
written by Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860 and Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (16 June 1894) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the Nation...
Sample
written by Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860 and Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (16 June 1894) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor...
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” Elena Muresianu (1862-1924) was an artist and publicist from Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt, active in the Women’s Reunion in the city and a founding member of the National Committee of Romanian Women. A graduate of the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts (1884-1888), she married into the Muresianu family who published Gazeta Transilvaniei [The Transylvanian Gazette], one of the most significant Romanian-language publications in the region. Between 1909 and 1911, Elena Muresianu was the sole administrator of the newspaper and associated typography, having always been heavily involved in the running of the business. Elena Baiulescu was President of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt in the 1890s and President of the National Committee of Romanian Women, from 1894 to 1896. She was married to Orthodox Archpriest (Protopop) Bartolomeu Baiulescu and the mother to Maria Baiulescu, who would become in the 1900s a visible spokeswoman for socially active women and the Transylvanian Romanian nationalist cause. The National Committee of Romanian Women was described as a “secret committee” of Romanian women founded in Brașov/Brassó/Hermannstadt in 1894 by Elena Muresianu, acting as Secretary, and Elena Baiulescu, as President. The Committee gathered signatures from women all around Transylvania to support the Transylvanian politicians condemned in the Memorandum trial. According to a 1934 article written by a member of the Committee, the Committee gathered “thousands upon thousands” of signatures for letters sent to MPs in Italy and journalists in France, thanking them for the support shown to the “Romanian national cause.” See, Maria Baiulescu, “Participrea femeilor romane din Ardeal in procesul Memorandumului in _Universul_(Bucharest) [The Participation of Romanian Women from Transylvania in the Memorandum Trial in _The Universe_(Bucharest)]” (Newspaper clipping, Bucharest, June 19, 1934), MS 1954, f. 30, “George Baritiu” County Library Special Collections, “George Baritiu” County Library Brasov, Special Collections Unit. The Committee minted decorative medals with the inscription “Everything for the Nation.” The “Memorandum trial” involved the 1894 condemnation of several prominent Transylvanian members of the Romanian National Party for publishing and distributing a manifesto critical of Hungarian centralism but not of the Emperor. The event garnered international attention and significant popular support in Transylvania and other territories inhabited by Romanians. ¶ This letter asks for Rațiu’s consent for writing letters to foreign supporters of the tried Memorandum politicians “not only [in the name of women from Brașov], but also in the name of all Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The senders consider the issue an important one and mention that they have written “to Romanian ladies from the different towns in Transylvania thus asking for their consent.” The senders mention writing a planned first thank-you letter to Italian MP Imbriani. ¶ This document provides evidence about the formation and mobilization strategies of the National Committee of Romanian Women. It captures a moment in which women involved in the nationalist cause sought to transform gender solidarities forged on municipal bases into the collective solidarity of all “Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The process mirrors similar developments in the rest of Austria-Hungary at the time. The 1880s were marked by middle-class municipal activism. This development was overshadowed (or in this case, merged) in 1890 by the rise of nationalist, mass mobilization, a political phenomenon that was, in fact, difficult to sustain and had somewhat waned by the early 1900s. In relation to the politics of gendered mobilization, the emphasis on and the use of the language of consent also makes this document an interesting one; it shows how liberal doctrines on contract and consent, assumed to be governing associations and individuals, were part of Transylvanian women’s activism. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Municipal Activism; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Comitetul Național al Femeilor Române/National Committee of Romanian Women; Memorandum; Municipal Activism; Mobilization; Networks; k. k. Kunstgewerbeschule/ Vienna School of Arts and Crafts.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
16 June 1894, 1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860, Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Opposition to Imperialism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrian...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Opposition to Imperialism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrians, Hungarians, Romanians
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Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894
written by Elisabeth Lee, 1879- (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 911/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (09 April 1894) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: French-language letter from Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Rațiu. Elisabeth Lee (1879-?) was an Englishwoman living in Oxford in the house of her brother-in-law, popular Russian and Slavic languages professor W.R. Morfill (married to Charlotte...
Sample
written by Elisabeth Lee, 1879- (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 911/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (09 April 1894) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: French-language letter from Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Rațiu. Elisabeth Lee (1879-?) was an Englishwoman living in Oxford in the house of her brother-in-law, popular Russian and Slavic languages professor W.R. Morfill (married to Charlotte Lee). Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She...
TITLE: Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Oxford, 9 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: French-language letter from Elisabeth Lee to Emilia Rațiu. Elisabeth Lee (1879-?) was an Englishwoman living in Oxford in the house of her brother-in-law, popular Russian and Slavic languages professor W.R. Morfill (married to Charlotte Lee). Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” ¶ In reply to the letter received from Emilia Rațiu, Elisabeth Lee thanks Rațiu for the photographs she had sent. Lee remarks on the physiognomy of the Romanian peasants depicted and the qualities they express. She mentions that she has been told about inhabitants, landscapes, and language by her brother-in-law, who had travelled in the region. For Rațiu’s initial letter, see Emilia Dr. Rațiu, “Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Elisabeth Lee [1894]” (Draft Letter, Turda, 1894), 912/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff.1-2, Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest. ¶ Elisabeth Lee’s brief letter can be read in the context of emerging interest in England for Transylvania because of ethnography and women’s travel writing. Ethnography developed in the Austrian side of the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a way of emphasizing the monarchy’s protection of diversity, whereas in the Hungarian side ethnography served assimilation goals. This may have led to a particular “ethnographic gaze” among Transylvanian artists and intellectuals, one that emphasized both ethnic diversity and essential ethnic difference. In the case of the British Empire, ethnography underpinned the colonial enterprise and fed citizens’ fantasies of empire. The correspondence between the two women might be read as the intersection of the two, quite distinctive “ethnographic gazes” of differently positioned imperial subjects. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Ethnography; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Photographs; Mobilization; Networks.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
09 April 1894, 1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Elisabeth Lee, 1879-
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Political Leadership, Social and Cultural Rights, Romanians, Hungarians, English, Austrians
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Frauentag 1912
written by Adelheid Popp, 1869-1939, Frauenreichskomitee (Verein für Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung (VGA) [Association for the History of the Workers' Movement]) (1912) , 2 page(s)
Title: Women's Day 1912. Description: The document is an anniversary publication of the Sozialdemokratische Frauenreichskomitee Österreichs [Social-Democratic Women's Committee of Austria] on the occasion of the Women's Day in 1912. It gathers articles dealing with the mobilisation of the Polish, Slovene, Czech f...
Sample
written by Adelheid Popp, 1869-1939, Frauenreichskomitee (Verein für Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung (VGA) [Association for the History of the Workers' Movement]) (1912) , 2 page(s)
Description
Title: Women's Day 1912. Description: The document is an anniversary publication of the Sozialdemokratische Frauenreichskomitee Österreichs [Social-Democratic Women's Committee of Austria] on the occasion of the Women's Day in 1912. It gathers articles dealing with the mobilisation of the Polish, Slovene, Czech female workforce and their fight for rights. The document shows the articles of Polish and Slovenian representatives, sharing their expe...
Title: Women's Day 1912. Description: The document is an anniversary publication of the Sozialdemokratische Frauenreichskomitee Österreichs [Social-Democratic Women's Committee of Austria] on the occasion of the Women's Day in 1912. It gathers articles dealing with the mobilisation of the Polish, Slovene, Czech female workforce and their fight for rights. The document shows the articles of Polish and Slovenian representatives, sharing their experiences and aims concerning organising women in their countries. One of the editors of this anniversary publication was Adelheid Popp (1869–1939). She was the leader of the Austrian social democratic women's movement and the first chairperson of its leading committee, the Frauenreichskomitee [Women's Section]. The original document of the anniversary publication “Women's Day 1912” is stored in the “Verein für Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung” (VGA) [Association for the History of the Workers' Movement] in Vienna [See: http://www.vga.at]. The VGA hosts an archive and a library with the aim to catalogue the historical sources and materials of the workers’ movement in Austria. The collection comprises around 9,500 brochures as well as around 9,100 periodicals, in addition to almost 20,000 books. Keywords: Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Political and Human Rights; Citizenship Rights; Equal Rights for Women; Suffrage; Habsburg Empire; Austria
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1912
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Adelheid Popp, 1869-1939, Frauenreichskomitee
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Immigration, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Citizenship Rights, Social and Cultural Rights, Human Rights, Empire and Internationalism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Czechs, Polish, Austrians, Slovene
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Indian Womanhood Today
written by Margaret E. Cousins, 1878-1954 (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh: Kitabistan, 1947), 195 page(s)
Sample
written by Margaret E. Cousins, 1878-1954 (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh: Kitabistan, 1947), 195 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Margaret E. Cousins, 1878-1954
Date Published / Released
1947
Publisher
Kitabistan
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Suffrage, Access to Higher Education, Equal Rights for Women, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3)
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental...
Sample
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-192...
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial” mentioned in the letter. ¶ This letter thanks Emilia Rațiu for the beautifully-embroidered chemisette and bolero she had sent, mentions friends’ admiration for the clothes’ graceful shapes and harmonious colors, and asks Rațiu to thank everyone who worked on the clothing. Del Homme informs Rațiu that she spoke at length to three Members of Parliament on the “Romanian Question”, trying to persuade them that “a word said in Parliament” would greatly help Rațiu’s work. Del Homme reports that MPs were sympathetic and requested further documents on the issue. Del Homme writes that she sent several reports on the Memorandum trial happening in Cluj/Kolosvàr/Klausenburg to English newspapers but that the press there was “hesitant” to publish an account, for “fear of inciting polemics.” ¶ This letter is one among several exchanged in 1894 by Emilia Rațiu and progressive Englishwomen. It sheds light on the merging of transnational cultural interaction (i.e., sending parts of a folk costume as a gift) with transnational political activism and lobbying. Among others, this mix was made possible by the incorporation into nationalists’ self-definition of a particularly Austro-Hungarian ethnographic gaze, which emphasized both ethnic diversity and difference. The document also underscores women’s involvement in England in lobbying Parliament on behalf of the rights of dominated nations or nationalities. It points to the cautious attitude of English MPs as well as the English press towards what was being presented as the “Romanian Question.” KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Women and International Relations; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Networks; Mobilization; Lobbying; Cultural Diplomacy; Press.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Pol...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, International Peace, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrians, Hungarians, English, Romanians
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Rad Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinja: Novi Sad
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 19, no. 3, January 3, 1904, pp. 58-60 (1904), 3 page(s)
TITLE: Activities of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women: Novi Sad. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the general meeting of the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad, the Vojvodina, held in February 1904, which discusses the activities of the cooperative in the previous year. It in...
Sample
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 19, no. 3, January 3, 1904, pp. 58-60 (1904), 3 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Activities of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women: Novi Sad. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the general meeting of the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad, the Vojvodina, held in February 1904, which discusses the activities of the cooperative in the previous year. It includes an invitation to Serbian women’s associations to participate in forming an Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary (Mag...
TITLE: Activities of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women: Novi Sad. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the general meeting of the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad, the Vojvodina, held in February 1904, which discusses the activities of the cooperative in the previous year. It includes an invitation to Serbian women’s associations to participate in forming an Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary (Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetsége). The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The text was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). The editor of the journal was Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and who was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad, in 1874. The beginning of the article mentions that the cooperative has agreed to continue supporting the Serbian-Orthodox kindergarten in Novi Sad, and it talks about the amount of money on disposal. It also mentions that the Hungarian ministry has given permission that all Serbian women’s cooperatives “from this side of the border” create an alliance. See also, “Pravila za savez Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinja iz Austro-Ugarske, Bosne i Hercegovine [Statute of the Alliance of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women from Austria-Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina],” Ženski svet, January 3, 1902; and “Prva skupština Saveza Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinja [The First Assembly of the Alliance of Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women],” Ženski svet, January 6, 1902. Additionally, the article reports that on the meeting the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women in Novi Sad held in February 1904, an important public letter was read. The letter was written in February 1904 in Budapest and signed by Countess Josefin Teleki, the leading representative of the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző-Egyesület, translated into Serbian as Državna zadruga za obrazovanje ženskih). In the letter, the Countess invites Serbian women’s associations (in fact, Charitable Women’s Cooperatives of Serbian Women from different places in the Vojvodina) to participate in establishing an alliance of all the women’s organizations in the country, which would be called the Alliance of Women’s Organizations in Hungary (Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetsége, translated into Serbian as Savez ženskih zadruga u Ugarskoj; the alliance was established in 1904 and thereupon became a member of the International Council of Women). The goals of the Alliance were described as follows: to introduce the women’s activities to the wider audiences; to connect all women from all over the country; to serve as a means of communication between all women (from Hungary); to support the representation of women from Hungary abroad. During the meeting of the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad it was decided to reply positively to the invitation, but only under condition that the Alliance would consist of ethnic sections. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire and Feminism; Ethnic divisions; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Ethnic divisions; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Equal Rights for Women; Women and Education; Access to Primary Education/Literacy; Education in National Languages; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women
Date Published / Released
03 January 1904, 1904
Person Discussed
Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874, Josefin Teleki, fl. 1904
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Empire and Feminism, Nationality Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Internationalism, Serbians
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