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American Women in the Sciences and Professions, Paper Presented to the International Women's Conference, 1945
written by Gene Weltfish, 1902-1980, in Mary van Kleeck Papers, 1883-1972, of Sophia Smith Collection. Women's History Archive (Box 80, Folder 3, 4pp.) (Northampton, MA) (14 November 1945) , 4 page(s)
Sample
written by Gene Weltfish, 1902-1980, in Mary van Kleeck Papers, 1883-1972, of Sophia Smith Collection. Women's History Archive (Box 80, Folder 3, 4pp.) (Northampton, MA) (14 November 1945) , 4 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, International
Date Written / Recorded
14 November 1945, 1945
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Gene Weltfish, 1902-1980
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Women and Development, Social and Cultural Rights, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Access to Higher Education, Economic Development
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Az alakuló Noképzo-Egyesület programmja.1867; Alapszabály. 1868
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 702-705 (1902), 4 page(s)
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1...
Sample
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 702-705 (1902), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book c...
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book contains an extensive account of the life and activities of Beniczky and reprints of many original documents. Hermin Beniczky, usually remembered as Mrs. Pál Veres (1815-1895), was a pioneer of Hungarian women’s education, founder in 1868 of the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző-Egyesület) and its long-term President, and co-founder in 1869 of the first high school for girls in Hungary. See the biographical summary of her in Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 54-57. The extracts selected include a collection of writings dating from the period 1865–69. These include Beniczky’s calls from 1865 and 1867, her treatise from 1868 and documents of her lobbying with the governing party from 1868–69, when she submitted a petition signed by nine thousand women to the Hungarian parliament, requesting a law on higher women’s schools with public funding. In her writings, Beniczky condemned the exclusive concern for languages and etiquette in the upbringing of upper-class girls and argued that a more meaningful education would also help secure a livelihood for unmarried and widowed women. Taking note of a general shift from physical towards intellectual work, she set out a broad range of possible female careers. However, she kept distancing herself from any more far-reaching concept of women’s emancipation. There is also a portrait of Beniczky. Another selection from Beniczky’s writings from the period 1869 to 1883, includes opening speeches from the Association’s general assembly meetings, letters, papers and addresses. The initiative to finance higher women’s schools from public funds failed in lack of political backing. The central school, however, got under way in 1869 with Hungarian as the sole language of instruction, and although Beniczky complained about high attrition rates, it soon launched a teacher training track as well. Finally, a selection from the documents from the period 1869–94 include the statutes of the National Association, the first curriculum of the central school for the two lower grades, a report on its opening, a call by the Association to celebrate the royal couple’s 25 year coronation jubilee (Francis Joseph was Emperor of Austria since 1848 but had been crowned King of Hungary only in 1867), its congratulatory letter sent on the same occasion, and contributions to the 25 year jubilee of the National Association itself in 1893. The curriculum is remarkable for giving a close glimpse at Beniczky’s ambitious vision of women’s education. Girls of thirteen to fourteen years of age in the general track studied all of the following subjects: art history, aesthetics, pedagogy, hygienic, Hungarian, German and French, arithmetic, drawing, thinking, ethics, Hungarian cultural history and civics, Hungarian literary history and chemistry applied to the household. A few letters received by Mrs. Veres, writings about her, and writings which address her activities and other important events in relation to women’s education, such as for instance the speech by the Minister for education, Gyula Wlassics, on the occasion of the opening of the National Association’s girls’ gymnasium in 1896, are also included. In 1906 a statue was erected in Budapest depicturing Mrs. Veres, wearing a Hungarian national costume. Today, the statue is placed at the beginning of Mrs. Pál Veres Street (Veres Pálné utca) in the inner city of the Hungarian capital. Its pedestal carries the inscription “Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky. She fought for the cause that Woman with her education and her soul may become a factor/agent (tényező) of national welfare.” For more on the sculpture, see Veres Pálné, Beniczky Hermin szobra [The Sculpture of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky] (Budapest, 1906). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Dynasty; Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Empress of Austria; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Women and Education; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male-Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Austria; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Date Published / Released
1902
Person Discussed
Hermin Beniczky, 1815-1895, Elisabeth, Empress, consort of Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1837-1898, Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1830-1916, Gyula Wlassics, 1852-1937
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Access to Higher Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Indigenous La...
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Access to Higher Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Hungarians, Austrians
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La Citoyenne, No. 24, 24 juillet 1881
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 24, July 24, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 24, July 24, 1881 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1881), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert accuses men of monopolizing not only political but also economic power, thus placing women and their children at the mercy of husbands, who often abandon them. She argues that the “invasion” of “men’s trades” in order to raise women’s wages, and the economic independence of women, are essential to the welfare of the nation. Other articles discuss women and higher education. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
24 July 1881, 1881
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Work and Class Identity, Access to Higher Education, Family Rights, Rights to Wages, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 59, avril 1882
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 59, April, 1882 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1882), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 59, April, 1882 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1882), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert expresses concern that the project of law on reconstituting divorce, though deemed very unlikely to pass, would continue the double standard of adultery. Other articles refer to Auclert’s petition to include women in a proposed congress to revise the constitution, and a recent discussion in the municipal council of Paris about establishing secondary schools for girls. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
April 1882, 1882
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Political and Human Rights, Access to Higher Education, Marital Status, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 61, 5 juin-2 juillet 1882
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 61, June 5-July 2, 1882 (La Citoyenne, 1882), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 61, June 5-July 2, 1882 (La Citoyenne, 1882), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert reacts to seeing posted around Paris large placards calling for human equality “without distinction of race or religion.” Realizing that this is an appeal in support of Jews being persecuted in Russia, she draws an analogy between the situation of women and of Jews, and declares them to be mutually supportive. Other articles discuss divorce and secondary schools for girls. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
1882
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Marital Status, Access to Higher Education, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Jews, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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La Citoyenne, No. 127, décembre 1887
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 127, December, 1887 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1887), 4 page(s)
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped...
Sample
edited by Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914, in La Citoyenne, No. 127, December, 1887 (Paris, Ile-de-France: La Citoyenne, 1887), 4 page(s)
Description
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to addres...
La Citoyenne was a French feminist newspaper, founded, funded, and edited by Hubertine Auclert, with the primary aim of promoting women’s suffrage. Auclert, the leader of France’s fledgling suffrage movement from 1880 to her death in 1914, lived in Algeria from 1888-1892. This experience intensified and shaped her already existing interest in the colony. La Citoyenne, published from 1881-1891, was the first French feminist newspaper to address questions of empire. In this issue, Auclert asserts that French men have proved their lack of intelligence by empowering a group of individuals three-quarters of whom have below average intelligence, the solution being to place power in the hands of a group of 800 persons, 400 of each gender, charged with writing a new constitution guaranteeing equal rights to all. A contributor compares racial and gender prejudice and injustice. Another article praises a new lycée for girls opened in Paris, and calls for many more. Abstract created by Marilyn J. Boxer.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Hubertine Auclert, 1848-1914
Date Published / Released
December 1887, 1887
Publisher
La Citoyenne
Series
La Citoyenne
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Access to Higher Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, French, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 2, 9 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 2, January 9, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 22 page(s)
Sample
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 2, January 9, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 22 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Annie Besant, 1847-1933
Date Published / Released
09 January 1914, 1914
Publisher
Ganesh & Co.
Series
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 3, 16 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 3, January 16, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 24 page(s)
Sample
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 3, 16 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 3, January 16, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 24 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Annie Besant, 1847-1933
Date Published / Released
16 January 1914, 1914
Publisher
Ganesh & Co.
Series
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 4, 23 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 4, January 23, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 26 page(s)
Sample
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 4, 23 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 4, January 23, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 26 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Annie Besant, 1847-1933
Date Published / Released
23 January 1914, 1914
Publisher
Ganesh & Co.
Series
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 5, 30 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 5, January 30, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 28 page(s)
Sample
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. I, No. 5, 30 Jan. 1914
edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 1, No. 5, January 30, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 28 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Annie Besant, 1847-1933
Date Published / Released
30 January 1914, 1914
Publisher
Ganesh & Co.
Series
The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country
Topic / Theme
Women and Religion, Political and Human Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Social and Cultural Rights, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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