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The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. II, No. 1 [No. 27], 3 July 1914

edited by Annie Besant, 1847-1933, in The Commonweal: A Journal of National Reform for God, Crown and Country, Vol. 2, No. 1, July 3, 1914 (Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Ganesh & Co., 1914), 20 page(s)

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Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895

written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)

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TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party le... TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially with the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894 and the following “Memorandum trial.” Dorina Rațiu (1874?-1904) was a nationalist activist and the youngest daughter of Emilia Rațiu and Ioan Rațiu. ¶ In this letter, Dionisie Vaida expresses his sympathy for the family’s difficulties following Ion Rațiu’s imprisonment in Szeged. He also expresses surprise that Emilia and Dorina Rațiu were also summoned in front of the courts while in Szeged. Emilia Rațiu and her entire family lived in Szeged during the year-long imprisonment of Ioan Rațiu in the city. Rațiu was pardoned by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1895. The summons in front of the court Vaida references was connected to an incident which had involved several young women in the Sibiu/Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben train station and several gendarmes. Several women, including Emilia and Dorina Rațiu, had gathered in the station to welcome the returning, recently-sentenced Memorandum men. Gendarmes had asked the women to remove the Romanian tri-color flags they were wearing pinned to their dresses. The women’s refusal and opposition to the gendarmes brought them in front of the local courts in February 1895. In the absence of the two Rațiu women, the trial was indefinitely postponed. The young women present in the courthouse in Sibiu were congratulated for their staunch refusal, and the event was widely reported in the Romanian press. Vaida’s letter highlights Transylvanian Romanian women’s involvement in increasingly confrontational activism toward Hungarian authorities in the tense period after the Memorandum episode. The document also draws attention to sources which show Transylvanian women’s use of well-established repertories of nationalism in Austria-Hungary and beyond. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Courts and trials; Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania. Show more Show less

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Marin Demetrescu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Paris, 19 April 1894

written by Marin Demetrescu, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 841/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1,2,5) (19 April 1894) , 3 page(s)

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TITLE: Marin Demetrescu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Paris, 19 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Marin Demetrescu to Emilia Rațiu. In 1894, Marin Demetrescu studied natural sciences in Paris. A natural sciences teacher later, he published physiology and botany textbooks, and books popularizing Darwin, Pasteur and dinosaurs. He served as the director of the Museum of Oltenia between 1923 and 1939. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Tra... TITLE: Marin Demetrescu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Paris, 19 April 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Marin Demetrescu to Emilia Rațiu. In 1894, Marin Demetrescu studied natural sciences in Paris. A natural sciences teacher later, he published physiology and botany textbooks, and books popularizing Darwin, Pasteur and dinosaurs. He served as the director of the Museum of Oltenia between 1923 and 1939. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist, frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” ¶ Demetrescu asks Rațiu to send any photographs of folk costumes she has, as “we are trying to prepare public opinion” in France. He mentions that he has received the measurements for folk costumes from Ms. Del Homme and Mrs. Byles, and he attached his own photograph as a sign of admiration for her work and the clipping of a short newspaper article. The attachments are not included here. See also, Sarah Byles, “Sarah Anne Byles to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 August 2” (Letter, London, August 2, 1894), 1032/1894, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Rațiu, ff. 1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest; and Jeanne del Homme, “Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894(3)” (Letter, London, 1894), 830/1894, ff. 1-4, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest. ¶ The document shows how folk costumes and photographs were used in a highly strategic manner in order to draw the attention the “public opinion,” an imagined community in the making. The document also illuminates the contribution of students and academics residing abroad in garnering support for the accused in the Memorandum trial. The letter also points out how transnational women’s networks can be more accurately described as “women-dominated networks,” since men were intermediaries and interlocutors as well. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; National Identity; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Memorandum; Photography; Folk Costumes; Mobilization; Public Opinion; Networks. Show more Show less

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Okólnik XVI

written by Anioła Krzyżanowska, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 43) (18 November 1915) , 1 page(s)

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TITLE: Circular XVI (Cracow, November 18th, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national econ... TITLE: Circular XVI (Cracow, November 18th, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was arepresentative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question.” The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The ‘Okólnik XVI (Kraków, w dnia 18 listopada 1915) [Circular XVI (Cracow, November 18th, 1915]’ signed by Anioła Krzyżanowska, secretaire, and Wanda Bileska for the chairwomen of the Women’s League announced a collection for legionaries. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Cracow Show more Show less

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LETTER FROM JOSEPHINE BUTLER

written by Josephine E. Butler, 1828-1906 and Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, 1843-1925; in Report of the International Council of Women, Assembled by the National Woman Suffrage Association, Washington, D.C., U. S. of America, (District of Columbia: National Woman Suffrage Association, 1888), 257-264

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Szanowny Zarzadzie [1]

written by Anioła Krzyżanowska, fl. 1915 and Jadwiga Strikowa, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 41) (November 1915) , 1 page(s)

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TITLE: Dear Board [1] (November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Natio... TITLE: Dear Board [1] (November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was arepresentative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question.” The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papersabout the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The letter ‘Szanowny Zarządzie (Listopad 1915) [Dear Board (November 1915)]’ is written by Anioła Krzyżanowska, secretaire, and Jadwiga Strikowa, chairwomen to announce the founding of a “Central Committee of Stars for the Legionaries in Cracow (Krakowie Komitet Centralny gwiazdkowy dla Legionistów),” a female supoort committe for the paramilitary organization fighting for the independence of Poland. It was addressed to the ruling board of the Women’s League. The Committee was supported by several central and local boards of the League. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Cracow; Show more Show less

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Szanowny Zarzadzie [2]

written by Anioła Krzyżanowska, fl. 1915 and Jadwiga Strikowa, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 42) (November 1915) , 2 page(s)

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TITLE: Dear Board [2] (Cracow, November, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszynska-Golinska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszynska-Golinska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (... TITLE: Dear Board [2] (Cracow, November, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszynska-Golinska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszynska-Golinska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question”. The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszynska-Goli?ska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszynska-Golinska. The letter ‘Szanowny Zarzadzie (Kraków w listopadzie 1915) [Dear Board (Cracow, November, 1915)]’ is written by Aniola Krzyzanowska, secretaire, and Jadwiga Strikowa, chairwomen of the “Central Committee of Stars for the Legionaries in Cracow (Krakowie Komitet Centralny gwiazdkowy dla Legionistów)”, a female support committe for the paramilitary organization fighting for the independence of Poland. It was addressed to the ruling board of the Women’s League and announced the need of socks and towels for the fighters. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Cracow Show more Show less

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Szanowny Zarządzie

written by Anioła Krzyżanowska, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 44) (November 1915) , 1 page(s)

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TITLE: Dear Board (November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (National.. TITLE: Dear Board (November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question.” The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papersabout the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The official letter ‘SzanownyZarządzie (Listopad 1915) [Dear Board (November 1915)]’ signed by Anioła Krzyżanowska, secretaire, and Wanda Bileska for the chairwomen of the Women’s League is about an announcement of the “Central Committee of Stars for the Legionaries in Cracow (Krakowie Komitet Centralny gwiazdkowy dla Legionistów)” which should be distributed. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Cracow Show more Show less

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Viktoria Lityán to Feministák Egyesülete, Szekesfehérvár, ca. 1910s

written by Viktoria Lityán, fl. 1910 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (1910) , 1 page(s)

TITLE: Viktoria Lityán to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Szekesfehérvár, ca. 1910s. DESCRIPTION: Undated letter, on behalf of the Szekesfehérvár Group of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesületének székesfehérvári csoportja), asking for support with regard to the pla...

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Browse Person - 9 results