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Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein Wien to Božena Viková-Kunětická, June 14, 1912
written by Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein (Památník národního písemnictví v Praze, Literární archiv, [Memorial of National Literature, Literary Archives], fond Viková-Kunětická Božena, access. no. 59/55, folder ‘blahopřání k zvolení B. Vikové-Kunětické do sněmu král. Českého z roku 1912‘ [congratulations on the election of B. Viková-Kunětická to Bohemian Provincial Diet in 1912]) (14 June 1912) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein Wien to Božena Viková-Kunětická, June 14, 1912. DESCRIPTION: The Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein [General Austrian Women’s Association] founded in 1893, was an influential association of German speaking Austrian women’s activists. Božena Viková...
Sample
written by Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein (Památník národního písemnictví v Praze, Literární archiv, [Memorial of National Literature, Literary Archives], fond Viková-Kunětická Božena, access. no. 59/55, folder ‘blahopřání k zvolení B. Vikové-Kunětické do sněmu král. Českého z roku 1912‘ [congratulations on the election of B. Viková-Kunětická to Bohemian Provincial Diet in 1912]) (14 June 1912) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein Wien to Božena Viková-Kunětická, June 14, 1912. DESCRIPTION: The Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein [General Austrian Women’s Association] founded in 1893, was an influential association of German speaking Austrian women’s activists. Božena Viková-Kunětická (1862-1934) was a Czech speaking writer and nationalist politician. In 1912, she was elected a deputy to the Bohemian Prov...
TITLE: Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein Wien to Božena Viková-Kunětická, June 14, 1912. DESCRIPTION: The Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein [General Austrian Women’s Association] founded in 1893, was an influential association of German speaking Austrian women’s activists. Božena Viková-Kunětická (1862-1934) was a Czech speaking writer and nationalist politician. In 1912, she was elected a deputy to the Bohemian Provincial Diet, the first elected woman deputy in the Habsburg Monarchy. The curial electoral system to the Diet, in use since 1861, was based on tax and property qualifications and thus excluded a major part of the citizens on the basis of class. At the same time the regulations pertaining to the Bohemian Diet used gender neutral terms – some women thus were not deprived from the right to vote to the Diet, some were not explicitly excluded from the passive electoral right. The representatives of the General Austrian Women’s Association Adele Gerber (1863-1937) and Leopoldine Kulka (1872-1920) congratulate Viková-Kunětická to her victory and describe her election as an important step for the women’s movement as a whole. KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Habsburg Empire; Cisleithania; Vienna
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
14 June 1912, 1912
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Suffrage, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Equal Rights for Women
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Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894
written by Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860 and Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (16 June 1894) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the Nation...
Sample
written by Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860 and Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (16 June 1894) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor...
TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” Elena Muresianu (1862-1924) was an artist and publicist from Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt, active in the Women’s Reunion in the city and a founding member of the National Committee of Romanian Women. A graduate of the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts (1884-1888), she married into the Muresianu family who published Gazeta Transilvaniei [The Transylvanian Gazette], one of the most significant Romanian-language publications in the region. Between 1909 and 1911, Elena Muresianu was the sole administrator of the newspaper and associated typography, having always been heavily involved in the running of the business. Elena Baiulescu was President of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt in the 1890s and President of the National Committee of Romanian Women, from 1894 to 1896. She was married to Orthodox Archpriest (Protopop) Bartolomeu Baiulescu and the mother to Maria Baiulescu, who would become in the 1900s a visible spokeswoman for socially active women and the Transylvanian Romanian nationalist cause. The National Committee of Romanian Women was described as a “secret committee” of Romanian women founded in Brașov/Brassó/Hermannstadt in 1894 by Elena Muresianu, acting as Secretary, and Elena Baiulescu, as President. The Committee gathered signatures from women all around Transylvania to support the Transylvanian politicians condemned in the Memorandum trial. According to a 1934 article written by a member of the Committee, the Committee gathered “thousands upon thousands” of signatures for letters sent to MPs in Italy and journalists in France, thanking them for the support shown to the “Romanian national cause.” See, Maria Baiulescu, “Participrea femeilor romane din Ardeal in procesul Memorandumului in _Universul_(Bucharest) [The Participation of Romanian Women from Transylvania in the Memorandum Trial in _The Universe_(Bucharest)]” (Newspaper clipping, Bucharest, June 19, 1934), MS 1954, f. 30, “George Baritiu” County Library Special Collections, “George Baritiu” County Library Brasov, Special Collections Unit. The Committee minted decorative medals with the inscription “Everything for the Nation.” The “Memorandum trial” involved the 1894 condemnation of several prominent Transylvanian members of the Romanian National Party for publishing and distributing a manifesto critical of Hungarian centralism but not of the Emperor. The event garnered international attention and significant popular support in Transylvania and other territories inhabited by Romanians. ¶ This letter asks for Rațiu’s consent for writing letters to foreign supporters of the tried Memorandum politicians “not only [in the name of women from Brașov], but also in the name of all Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The senders consider the issue an important one and mention that they have written “to Romanian ladies from the different towns in Transylvania thus asking for their consent.” The senders mention writing a planned first thank-you letter to Italian MP Imbriani. ¶ This document provides evidence about the formation and mobilization strategies of the National Committee of Romanian Women. It captures a moment in which women involved in the nationalist cause sought to transform gender solidarities forged on municipal bases into the collective solidarity of all “Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The process mirrors similar developments in the rest of Austria-Hungary at the time. The 1880s were marked by middle-class municipal activism. This development was overshadowed (or in this case, merged) in 1890 by the rise of nationalist, mass mobilization, a political phenomenon that was, in fact, difficult to sustain and had somewhat waned by the early 1900s. In relation to the politics of gendered mobilization, the emphasis on and the use of the language of consent also makes this document an interesting one; it shows how liberal doctrines on contract and consent, assumed to be governing associations and individuals, were part of Transylvanian women’s activism. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Municipal Activism; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Comitetul Național al Femeilor Române/National Committee of Romanian Women; Memorandum; Municipal Activism; Mobilization; Networks; k. k. Kunstgewerbeschule/ Vienna School of Arts and Crafts.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
16 June 1894, 1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860, Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Opposition to Imperialism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrian...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Opposition to Imperialism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrians, Hungarians, Romanians
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Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Franz Schuzelka, 15 October 1870
written by Emilia Rațiu, 1846-1929 (Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1033/1870, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu) (15 October 1870) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Franz Schuzelka, 15 October 1870. DESCRIPTION: Handwritten, Romanian-language draft of letter from Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Imperial Council/Reichsrat speaker and editor of the liberal Reform journal Franz Schuzelka, offering a gift in the name of a “committee of Romanian women from Trans...
Sample
written by Emilia Rațiu, 1846-1929 (Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1033/1870, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu) (15 October 1870) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Franz Schuzelka, 15 October 1870. DESCRIPTION: Handwritten, Romanian-language draft of letter from Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Imperial Council/Reichsrat speaker and editor of the liberal Reform journal Franz Schuzelka, offering a gift in the name of a “committee of Romanian women from Transylvania.” The final two pages list the names of 122 women who supported the gesture. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Ro...
TITLE: Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Franz Schuzelka, 15 October 1870. DESCRIPTION: Handwritten, Romanian-language draft of letter from Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Imperial Council/Reichsrat speaker and editor of the liberal Reform journal Franz Schuzelka, offering a gift in the name of a “committee of Romanian women from Transylvania.” The final two pages list the names of 122 women who supported the gesture. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist, frequent contributor to the popular Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Dr. Ioan Rațiu. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Franz Schuzelka was the editor of the Viennese liberal newspaper Die Reform. In Emilia Rațiu's correspondence, he is mentioned as a speaker in the “Imperial Senate,” advocating for the rights of nationalities within the Empire. ¶ The letter thanks Schuzelka for his consistent advocacy in the Imperial Council and especially in the pages of Reform for the political rights of the Romanian nation: the “Austrian monarchy’s … most oppressed … although liberty and equality of rights were often proclaimed.” Rațiu promises that while “men fight armed with your Doctrine” in order to regain lost rights, women will fight to spread Schuzelka’s ideas “to the children in the cribs.” The letter was sent during an ostensible “period of malaise” in Transylvanian Romanian nationalist politics, while the activity of a controversial, secularizing, centralist cabinet in Vienna, the so-called Burgher Cabinet/ Bürgerministerium, enjoyed great visibility due to an active interregional liberal press. When in 1867 the union of Transylvania with Hungary was declared, Romanian Transylvanian intellectuals began to boycott participation in the Hungarian diet, inaugurating a two-decade long strategy of “political passivism.” Schuzelka’s position on nationalities in the Empire probably coincided with the liberal federalist position (against further centralization) embraced by most Transylvanian Romanian intellectuals in this context. Interestingly, the embrace of passivism and conflicts surrounding the adequacy of this strategy among Transylvanian Romanian nationalists opened a space for intensified organizing and publishing on the “woman question.” The numerous trenchant articles by local women and translations of feminist speeches from abroad, published in the popular Familia magazine in 1870, testify to this uptick in preoccupation during that year. It should be pointed out that the letter may have never been sent or more likely, received no reply from Schuzelka. Emilia Rațiu’s archives include correspondence with a Viennese artisan concerning a gilded object, showing that concrete steps to create a gift had been taken. At the same time, Sevastia Mureșianu, a Brașov woman whose son wrote for Die Reform, asked her son in an 1871 letter whether Emilia Rațiu’s proposed gift had ever materialized. Mureșianu had advised against sending a gift and proposed instead simply a letter, on account of several major bankruptcies in Transylvania. The letter illuminates autonomous, political organizing by nationalist Transylvanian Romanian women (independently from their husbands), their embrace of liberalism and its inflection of nationalism during the 1870s, their membership in a liberal public sphere and desire to become visible as members of this sphere. It also illustrates women’s participation in the construction of an interregional, Empire-wide understanding of politics, a phenomenon that characterized Austria-Hungary’s late 19th century. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Press; Networks.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
15 October 1870, 1870
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Emilia Rațiu, 1846-1929
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women and Immigration, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Human Rights, Nationality Rights, Empire and Feminism, Social and Political Leadership, Romanians
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Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Gheorghe Pop de Basesti, 25 November 1893
written by Emilia Rațiu, 1846-1929 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 780/1893, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (25 November 1893) , 3 page(s)
TITLE: Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Gheorghe Pop de Basesti, 25 November 1893. DESCRIPTION: Personal letter from Emilia Rațiu to George Pop de Basesti. On the back of the letter’s third page Dorina, Emilia Rațiu’s daughter, also wrote several lines to “uncle [badea] Georg.” Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transy...
Sample
written by Emilia Rațiu, 1846-1929 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 780/1893, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (25 November 1893) , 3 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Gheorghe Pop de Basesti, 25 November 1893. DESCRIPTION: Personal letter from Emilia Rațiu to George Pop de Basesti. On the back of the letter’s third page Dorina, Emilia Rațiu’s daughter, also wrote several lines to “uncle [badea] Georg.” Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist, a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Io...
TITLE: Emilia Dr. Rațiu to Gheorghe Pop de Basesti, 25 November 1893. DESCRIPTION: Personal letter from Emilia Rațiu to George Pop de Basesti. On the back of the letter’s third page Dorina, Emilia Rațiu’s daughter, also wrote several lines to “uncle [badea] Georg.” Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist, a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” George Pop de Basesti (1835-1919) was a Transylvanian politician, founder in 1881 of the Romanian National Party, and one of several Transylvanians tried and imprisoned in the 1894 “Memorandum trial”. Dr. Ioan Rațiu, Emilia Rațiu’s husband, was also among the men imprisoned. ¶ Emilia Rațiu thanks “uncle Georg” for having sent their family apples and expresses regret for not having met during her latest stay together with her husband in Pest. She mentions having attended there the constitution of the Committee of Nationalities. The Committee of Nationalities referenced may have been a political club of Romanians, Serbs, and Slovaks in the Hungarian diet, a type of proto-political party, which elaborated a common platform during the 1895 Congress of Nationalities. See also, Ludmila Beblava, “Ludmila Beblava, et al., to Emilia Rațiu, 20 March 1896” (Letter, [Slovakia], March 20, 1896), 1180/1896, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Rațiu, Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest. A young Dorina Rațiu wrote that she was in the hallway, merrily preparing for a party with friend Sani, but wanted to write some words to “badea Georg.” Badea is a rural, term of endearment for a senior man, whereas Georg is a German version of the Romanian Gheorghe/George. ¶ The letter provides insight into the informal, quasi-familial ties that underpinned nationalist activism in Transylvania. It points to women’s presence during crucial political decisions, and their mobility alongside husbands (or alone) for such occasions, as in Emilia Rațiu’s travels to Pest. The letter also reveals the cultural hybridity that permeated middle-class domesticity, even in nationalistic milieus. This hybridity was detectable in the linguistically-eclectic endearment terms used or the names of friends mentioned. (Sani is a short for the Hungarian Sándor). Publicly, these were aspects of all-Empire identities that were silenced by committed nationalists. KEYWORDS: Empire and Family Life; Empire Silenced; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; George Pop de Basesti.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
25 November 1893, 1893
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Emilia Rațiu, 1846-1929
Person Discussed
Gheorghe Pop de Băsești, 1835-1919
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Family Life, Romanians
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Equal Rights, Vol. 14, no. 48, January 05, 1929
written by National Woman's Party, US, in Equal Rights (magazine), Vol. 14, no. 48, January 05, 1929 (District of Columbia: National Woman's Party, US, 1929), 8 page(s)
Sample
written by National Woman's Party, US, in Equal Rights (magazine), Vol. 14, no. 48, January 05, 1929 (District of Columbia: National Woman's Party, US, 1929), 8 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Author / Creator
National Woman's Party, US
Date Published / Released
1929-01-05, 1929
Publisher
National Woman's Party, US
Series
Equal Rights (magazine)
Topic / Theme
Political parties, Equal rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women
Sections
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Equal Rights, Vol. 16, no. 24, June 28, 1930
written by National Woman's Party, US, in Equal Rights (magazine), Vol. 16, no. 24, June 28, 1930 (District of Columbia: National Woman's Party, US, 1930), 8 page(s)
Sample
written by National Woman's Party, US, in Equal Rights (magazine), Vol. 16, no. 24, June 28, 1930 (District of Columbia: National Woman's Party, US, 1930), 8 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Author / Creator
National Woman's Party, US
Date Published / Released
1930-06-28, 1930
Publisher
National Woman's Party, US
Series
Equal Rights (magazine)
Topic / Theme
Political parties, Equal rights, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations
Sections
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Equal Rights, Vol. 16, no. 28, July 19, 1930
written by National Woman's Party, US, in Equal Rights (magazine), Vol. 16, no. 28, July 19, 1930 (District of Columbia: National Woman's Party, US, 1930), 8 page(s)
Sample
written by National Woman's Party, US, in Equal Rights (magazine), Vol. 16, no. 28, July 19, 1930 (District of Columbia: National Woman's Party, US, 1930), 8 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Author / Creator
National Woman's Party, US
Date Published / Released
1930-07-19, 1930
Publisher
National Woman's Party, US
Series
Equal Rights (magazine)
Topic / Theme
Equal rights, Political parties, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women
Sections
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F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, 5 May 1908
written by Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (05 May 1908) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, 5 May 1908. DESCRIPTION: The letter gives information on the genesis of the connection between Róza Schwimmer of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) and a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hun...
Sample
written by Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (05 May 1908) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, 5 May 1908. DESCRIPTION: The letter gives information on the genesis of the connection between Róza Schwimmer of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) and a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, including Mrs. István Bordás in particular. See also, Péter Veres, “A feministák [The Feminists],” in Falusi krónika [Vi...
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, 5 May 1908. DESCRIPTION: The letter gives information on the genesis of the connection between Róza Schwimmer of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) and a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, including Mrs. István Bordás in particular. See also, Péter Veres, “A feministák [The Feminists],” in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd ed. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944), 231–243 (14pp.); as well as the correspondence with Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. István Bordás, Mrs. István Szabó, Rosika Schwimmer, and the Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association]. The letter is written by Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), who discusses a recent meeting with Schwimmer, who he addresses as “my beloved woman Comrade” (szeretet elvtársnőm, spelling in the original). Pokrócz in all likelihood was connected to the National Agriculture Party (Országos Földmívelő Párt), a left-wing peasant party founded in April 1908 in Balmazújváros. Pokrócz initially would have liked Schwimmer to give a “women’s lecture” on May 1, but now invites her to Balmazújváros for Ascension Day (28 May 1908). The letter mentions Pokrócz’ woman fellows in Balmazújváros and a related women’s appeal – possibly (to be) communicated by Pokrócz – and discusses the necessary formal registration of the event as well as the question of reimbursement of the travel costs. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Hungarian government; Right of Assembly; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Peasant Women of Balmazújváros; Róza Schwimmer (Rosika Schwimmer) Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
05 May 1908, 1908
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Hungarians
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F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (1)
written by Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (May 1908) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (1). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of two that was likely written in May 1908. It gives information on the genesis of the relationship between the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), and Róza Schwimmer in particular, and a group o...
Sample
written by Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (May 1908) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (1). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of two that was likely written in May 1908. It gives information on the genesis of the relationship between the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), and Róza Schwimmer in particular, and a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and Mrs. István Bordás in particular. See also,...
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (1). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of two that was likely written in May 1908. It gives information on the genesis of the relationship between the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), and Róza Schwimmer in particular, and a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and Mrs. István Bordás in particular. See also, Péter Veres, “A feministák [The Feminists],” in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd ed. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944), 231–243 (14pp.); as well as the correspondence with Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. István Bordás, Mrs. István Szabó, Rosika Schwimmer, and the Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association]. The letter, written by Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz and giving “Dear Woman Comrades (Kedves Elvtárs Nők)” as salutation, discusses questions related to travel costs and the formal registration of the event with the authorities. Pokrócz also gives a list of topics that should be addressed: the situation of family mothers; women’s organization; “universal suffrage without distinction as to sex”; cultural issues. Pokrócz in all likelihood was connected to the National Agriculture Party (Országos Földmívelő Párt), a left-wing peasant party founded in April 1908 in Balmazújváros. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Hungarian government; Right of Assembly; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Universal Suffrage; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Peasant Women of Balmazújváros; Mrs. István Bordás Sára Rokon Tóth; Róza Schwimmer (Rosika Schwimmer) Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
May 1908, 1908
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Hungarians
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F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (2)
written by Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (May 1908) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (2). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of two that was likely written in May 1908. The letter gives information on the genesis of the relationship between the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), and Róza Schwimmer in particular, and a...
Sample
written by Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (May 1908) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (2). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of two that was likely written in May 1908. The letter gives information on the genesis of the relationship between the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), and Róza Schwimmer in particular, and a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and Mrs. István Bordás in particular. S...
TITLE: F. Pokrócz to Rosika Schwimmer, Balmazújváros, ca. May 1908 (2). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of two that was likely written in May 1908. The letter gives information on the genesis of the relationship between the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), and Róza Schwimmer in particular, and a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and Mrs. István Bordás in particular. See also, Péter Veres, “A feministák [The Feminists],” in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd ed. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944), 231–243 (14pp.); as well as the correspondence with Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. István Bordás, Mrs. István Szabó, Rosika Schwimmer, and the Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association]. The letter, written by Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), addresses Schwimmer as “Dear fellow woman-traveler (Kedves elv. Barátnőm).” It opens with a reference to Schwimmer’s letter, telling that Pokrócz has informed the “woman fellows,” who are more than happy that Schwimmer will come to Balmazújváros on Ascension Day. Pokrócz then discusses the problem that he or the inviters now cannot reimburse (fully or at this point) the travel costs in relation to the planned event with Róza Schwimmer in Balmazújváros. Pokrócz now signs “in the Name of the Women.” KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Peasant Women of Balmazújváros; Rosika Schwimmer; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
Show more
Show less
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
May 1908, 1908
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Ferenc Pokrócz, fl. 1908
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Hungarians
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