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Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1914-1915 si 1915-1916
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1916), 38 page(s)
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-languag...
Sample
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1916), 38 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It...
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It reorganized this school in 1911, by dividing it into sections for training in industrial and housekeeping work but closed it in 1914. For more on the school, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). After the beginning of the Great War, the Sibiu Reunion volunteered to care for the Austro-Hungarian Army’s wounded by creating a “reserve hospital” in the training school’s building. In 1919, Queen Marie of Romania (1875-1938) became patron of the Reunion’s reopened School for Housekeeping and Industry. In the years that followed, the Sibiu Reunion was a significant participant in the federative Union of Romanian Women, initiated by Maria Baiulescu. ¶ The Yearbook offers information on the activities of the Sibiu Reunion of Romanian Women between 1914 and 1916. According to the administrative documents reproduced in the yearbook (meeting minutes, budgets, annual report), the “reserve hospital” cared for “264 wounded soldiers, by origin from the different countries of our Monarchy.” In 1915, the Reunion hospital and its initiators were commended by the visiting Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria (1866-1939), a promoter of the Red Cross in Austria-Hungary. In 1916, the Reunion closed its hospital, arguing that it was no longer sent any wounded to care for. Valeria Soroștineanu has shown that the situation of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt and its inhabitants during the second half of the war was complicated: when the Kingdom of Romania joined the war in 1916, on the side of the Entente, the city was quickly surrounded by the neighboring country’s troops, with most civilians fleeing the area. The members of the Reunion remaining in the (still Austro-Hungarian) city of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt drastically reduced their social involvement, due to the “heavy atmosphere” and the weight of familial concerns. The Reunion re-emerged in late 1918 to welcome Romanian troops to the city and host a reception in honor of the Romanian-allied French General Henri Berthelot (1861-1931). For more on this, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). ¶ By covering the first years of the Great War, the yearbook helps us understand the transition undergone by the Sibiu Reunion, and to a certain extent, all women’s Reunions in Transylvania. Until 1916, the Reunion behaved largely like an Austro-Hungarian association of pragmatic, nationalistic Romanian women and was considered a significant part of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt’s municipal associational fabric. After 1918, the organization presented itself and was recognized as primarily, ardently nationalistic. This yearbook helps reconstruct the evolution of Transylvanian Romanian women’s associations in the years right before, during and immediately after the Great War. In a broader sense, it contributes to comprehending the transformation of “empire” into “post-empire,” for the case of the Dual Monarchy. KEYWORDS: Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; War; War-time welfare; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health; Women as Medical Professionals; Habsburg Empire; Funds and donations; Municipal activism; Archduke Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany; Princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Marie of Romania.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu
Date Published / Released
1916
Publisher
Editura Reuniunii
Person Discussed
Marie, of Romania, 1875-1938, Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, 1866-1939
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Women as Medical Professionals, Birth Control, Sexuality, International Peace, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Carrie Chapman Catt to 'Aux femmes des etates du Balcan,' New York, early 1913
written by Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 49) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Carrie Chapman Catt to 'Aux femmes des etates du Balcan' [To the Women of the Balkan States], New York, early 1913. DESCRIPTION: Handwritten letter by Carrie Chapman Catt, President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, addressing “the women of the Balkan states,” asking them to send delega...
Sample
written by Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 49) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Carrie Chapman Catt to 'Aux femmes des etates du Balcan' [To the Women of the Balkan States], New York, early 1913. DESCRIPTION: Handwritten letter by Carrie Chapman Catt, President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, addressing “the women of the Balkan states,” asking them to send delegates to the upcoming seventh congress of the Alliance to be held in Budapest in June 1913, even as their nations are at war. The letter...
TITLE: Carrie Chapman Catt to 'Aux femmes des etates du Balcan' [To the Women of the Balkan States], New York, early 1913. DESCRIPTION: Handwritten letter by Carrie Chapman Catt, President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, addressing “the women of the Balkan states,” asking them to send delegates to the upcoming seventh congress of the Alliance to be held in Budapest in June 1913, even as their nations are at war. The letter refers to Balkan Wars, which began on 8 October 1912. While there are conflicts between nations and classes “the subjection of women is common to all nations and all people” and the “joint efforts of the women of the world” are necessary to end this subjection. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Balkan Wars 1912 and 1913; Women and War; Gender, Nation and Class; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; South Eastern Europe
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947
Topic / Theme
Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, International Peace, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements
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Carrie Chapman Catt to Rosika Schwimmer, New York, 13 January 1913
written by Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 49) (13 January 1913) , 9 page(s)
KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Carrie Chapman Catt; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Balkan Wars 1912 and 1913; Women and Nation within Empire; Božena Viková-Kunĕtická; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Man Suffragist...
Sample
written by Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 49) (13 January 1913) , 9 page(s)
Description
KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Carrie Chapman Catt; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Balkan Wars 1912 and 1913; Women and Nation within Empire; Božena Viková-Kunĕtická; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Man Suffragists in Hungary; Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-2...
KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Carrie Chapman Catt; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Balkan Wars 1912 and 1913; Women and Nation within Empire; Božena Viková-Kunĕtická; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Man Suffragists in Hungary; Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Congress Preparations; Chinese Banner; French Auxiliary; British Auxiliary; IWSA London Headquarters; Free Masons; Inter-Parliamentary Union; Press Work; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Austria; Bohemia; South Eastern Europe; Balkan Countries; India; Egypt; Burma/Myanmar; Calcutta/Kolkata; Bombay/Mumbai; Cairo/Kairo; Rangoon/Rangun; Kumudine Mitter (?); S. Q. (?) Ranaday (?); Tackla Pasha (?); Hla Qung (?); Róza Schwimmer (Rosika Schwimmer); Gusztáv Dirner; Márkus Dezső; Miss Bergman; Adela Stanton Coit; Anna Lindemann; Jane Addams; Mrs. Boven; Anna Howard Shaw; Marie Stritt; Millicent Fawcett; Contessa Luciferro (Elena Lucifero); Miss Keilhau; Mrs. Grenfell; Mrs. Avery; Alva Belmont; Martina Kramers
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
13 January 1913, 1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947
Person Discussed
Jane Addams, 1860-1935, Avery, fl. 1913, Martina Kramers, 1863-1934, Alva Belmont, 1853-1933, Grenfell, fl. 1913, Keilhau, fl. 1913, Elena Lucifero, fl. 1913, Millicent Garrett Fawcett, 1847-1929, Marie Stritt, 1855-1928, Anna Howard Shaw, 1847-1919, Boven, fl. 1913, Anna Lindemann, fl. 1911, Adela Stanton Coit, fl. 1913, Bergman, fl. 1913, Hla Qung, fl. 1913, Tackla Pasha, fl. 1913, S. Q. Ranaday...
Jane Addams, 1860-1935, Avery, fl. 1913, Martina Kramers, 1863-1934, Alva Belmont, 1853-1933, Grenfell, fl. 1913, Keilhau, fl. 1913, Elena Lucifero, fl. 1913, Millicent Garrett Fawcett, 1847-1929, Marie Stritt, 1855-1928, Anna Howard Shaw, 1847-1919, Boven, fl. 1913, Anna Lindemann, fl. 1911, Adela Stanton Coit, fl. 1913, Bergman, fl. 1913, Hla Qung, fl. 1913, Tackla Pasha, fl. 1913, S. Q. Ranaday, fl. 1913, Márkus Dezső, 1862-1912, Gusztáv Dirner, fl. 1912, Kumudini Mitter, fl. 1912, Božena Viková-Kuněticka, 1862-1934
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Topic / Theme
Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, International Peace, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Suffrage, Human Rights, British, Chinese, Americans
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Carrie Chapman Catt to Rosika Schwimmer, New York, 31 December 1912
written by Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 49) (31 December 1912) , 2 page(s)
KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Balkan Wars 1912 and 1913; Carrie Chapman Catt; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapes...
Sample
written by Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 49) (31 December 1912) , 2 page(s)
Description
KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Balkan Wars 1912 and 1913; Carrie Chapman Catt; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; IWSA USA Auxiliary; Congress Preparations; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Balkan Countries; Róza Schwimmer (Rosika Schw...
KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Balkan Wars 1912 and 1913; Carrie Chapman Catt; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; IWSA USA Auxiliary; Congress Preparations; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Balkan Countries; Róza Schwimmer (Rosika Schwimmer)
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
31 December 1912, 1912
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Carrie Chapman Catt, 1859-1947
Topic / Theme
Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, International Peace, Suffrage, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Human Rights, Americans
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Do szanownego Zarzadu Kola Ligi Kobiet
written by Ada Markowa, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 28) (01 August 1915) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga...
Sample
written by Ada Markowa, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 28) (01 August 1915) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist a...
TITLE: To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question”. The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The draft ‘Do szanownego Zarządu Koła Ligi Kobiet (Kraków, dnia 1 sierpnia 1915) [To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915)]’ was signed by Wanda Bilowska and Ada Markowa, members of the ruling board of the Liga Kobiet (Women’s League). It addressed Circles of the League which are asked to discuss and to distribute the paper written by Daszyńska-Golińska about the peace Congress. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Germany; France; Italy; Finland; Serbia; The Hague; Amsterdam
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
01 August 1915, 1915
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Ada Markowa, fl. 1915, Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915
Person Discussed
Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Human Rights, Social and Cultural Rights, Nationalism and Independence Movements, International Peace, Polish, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Egyesült Erovel. A Magyarországi Noegyesületek Szövetségének és a szövetséget alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlö...
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 4, No. 1-4 (Budapest, Budapest County: Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1913), 56 page(s)
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. IV, No. 1-4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues...
Sample
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 4, No. 1-4 (Budapest, Budapest County: Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1913), 56 page(s)
Description
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. IV, No. 1-4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive....
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. IV, No. 1-4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive. As indicated in its subtitle, Egyesült Erővel (With United Forces) was the Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary (Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetsége) and most of the associations forming the alliance. The alliance was established in 1904 and had 78 members in 1909. The journal gives information on the activities of the alliance, including its general assemblies and the activities of many Hungarian women’s associations. Repeatedly mentioned, among others, are the Budapest Israelite Women’s Association (Budapesti Izraelita Nőegylet) and other Jewish women’s associations, the Hungarian Welfare Women’s Association of Brassó [Brasov, Kronstadt] (Brassói Magyar Jótékony Nőegylet), the Klotild Assocation for the Marketing of Women’s Work (A női munkát értékesitő Klotild egylet), the National Association of Hungarian Farmer Women (Magyar Gazdasszonyok Országos Egyesülete), the Maria Dorothea Association (Mária Dorothea Egyesület), the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző Egyesület), the Hungarian Association against the Traffic in Girls (Magyar Egyesület a Leánykereskedés ellen), the National Association of Woman Employees (Nőtisztviselők Országos Egyesülete), the National Catholic Association for the Protection of Women (Országos Kath. Nővédő Egyesület), and the Tabitha Women’s Association (Tabitha-Nőegylet). ¶ Egyesült Erővel regularly reported on congresses, news, and activities related to international organizations, including those by and for women and women’s movements of other countries. The journal published articles about various questions, institutions, and activities considered relevant for the women’s movement and women’s organizing in Hungary, in other countries, and in transnational perspective. It also included book reviews. The journal thus constitutes a key source of information in particular on the history of the more moderate wing of the Hungarian women’s movement and its international context. Non-Hungarian women’s activism in the Hungarian Kingdom is barely mentioned (see vol. 2, July-October 1911, p. 126); therefore, silenced in the journal. The organizations of social-democratic women were not covered by the journal. The liberal-progressive Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) was a member of the Alliance and is repeatedly mentioned. The Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) published its own journal, however, which is available online elsewhere. The journals of the social democratic women, Nőmunkás (Woman Worker) and the Catholic women’s movement, Értesítő (Information), are partially available in this digital archive. KEYWORDS: Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Disarmament; Social Reform and Political Activism; Campaigns Against Prostitution and Sex Trafficking; Welfare Movements; Mutualité; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Auguszta Rosenberg; Mrs. György Markos; Mrs. Albert Apponyi born Clotilde, Klotild Dietrichstein-Mensdorff-Pouilly (1867–1942); Róza Latinovits
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Date Published / Released
1913
Publisher
Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary
Series
Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary]
Person Discussed
Countess Clotilde Apponyi, 1867-1942, Róza Latinovits, 1877-1936, Mrs. György Markos, fl. 1911, Auguszta Rosenberg, 1859-1946
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Campaigns Against Prostitution and Sex Trafficking, Post-war Treaty Terms, International Peace,...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Campaigns Against Prostitution and Sex Trafficking, Post-war Treaty Terms, International Peace, Hungarians
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Ein Schreiben des Deutschen Nationalen Frauen-Ausschusses für dauernden Frieden an den Reichskanzler Dr. von Bethmann Hollweg, 6. Monatsber...
written by Frida Perlen, fl. 1919, Anita Augspurg, 1857-1943 and Lida Gustava Heymann, 1868-1943 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 45) (November 1915) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: A Letter of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace to Imperial Chancellor Dr. von BethmannHollweg, 6th monthly report, suppl. no 2 (Munich, November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) w...
Sample
written by Frida Perlen, fl. 1919, Anita Augspurg, 1857-1943 and Lida Gustava Heymann, 1868-1943 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 45) (November 1915) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: A Letter of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace to Imperial Chancellor Dr. von BethmannHollweg, 6th monthly report, suppl. no 2 (Munich, November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the internati...
TITLE: A Letter of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace to Imperial Chancellor Dr. von BethmannHollweg, 6th monthly report, suppl. no 2 (Munich, November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question.” The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The official letter of Lida Gustava Heymann, Anita Augspurg and Frida Perlen, activists of the German delegation of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. Women’s peace activists of the German Women’s movement asked the Imperial Chancellor Dr. von Bethmann Hollweg to agitate for peace negotiations like British members of the Parliament already would do. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Germany; Great Britain
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
November 1915, 1915
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Frida Perlen, fl. 1919, Anita Augspurg, 1857-1943, Lida Gustava Heymann, 1868-1943
Person Discussed
Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, 1856-1921
Topic / Theme
Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, International Peace, Nationalism and Independence Movements, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, Human Rights, Polish, 20th Century in World...
Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, International Peace, Nationalism and Independence Movements, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, Human Rights, Polish, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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I.C. Dragescu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Turin, 8 January 1871
written by I. C. Drăgescu, fl. 1871 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 848/1871, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu) (08 January 1871) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: I.C. Dragescu to Emilia Dr. Ratiu, Turin, 8 January 1871. DESCRIPTION: New Year’s postcard sent from Turin by hygienist and publicist I.C. Drăgescu to Emilia Rațiu. Ion C. Drăgescu was a hygienist doctor, who had studied in Italy. Although not based in the Kingdom of Hungary, but in the Kingdom of Roma...
Sample
written by I. C. Drăgescu, fl. 1871 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 848/1871, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu) (08 January 1871) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: I.C. Dragescu to Emilia Dr. Ratiu, Turin, 8 January 1871. DESCRIPTION: New Year’s postcard sent from Turin by hygienist and publicist I.C. Drăgescu to Emilia Rațiu. Ion C. Drăgescu was a hygienist doctor, who had studied in Italy. Although not based in the Kingdom of Hungary, but in the Kingdom of Romania, he was a frequent contributor to Transylvanian Romanian gazettes. In 1880, he published “Maternologia [Maternology]”, an influ...
TITLE: I.C. Dragescu to Emilia Dr. Ratiu, Turin, 8 January 1871. DESCRIPTION: New Year’s postcard sent from Turin by hygienist and publicist I.C. Drăgescu to Emilia Rațiu. Ion C. Drăgescu was a hygienist doctor, who had studied in Italy. Although not based in the Kingdom of Hungary, but in the Kingdom of Romania, he was a frequent contributor to Transylvanian Romanian gazettes. In 1880, he published “Maternologia [Maternology]”, an influential treatise on women’s health and children’s upbringing. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and frequent contributor to the widely-read Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. ¶ In this postcard, Drăgescu reproaches the “esteemed citoyenne” for the lack of mobilization of women in Transylvania in the face of France’s misfortunes and in favor of French prisoners and wounded. He argues that support committees of both women and men should have been formed. The “misfortunes” mentioned in the postcard likely refer to the then ongoing Franco-German War (July 1870-May 1871). (It should be noted that since 1867, Austria was no longer a member of the German Confederation). ¶ The document exemplifies the process through which certain political positions and mobilization tactics of organized women evolved in 19th-century Austria-Hungary and the fact that minority nationalists increasingly identified particular international political loyalties, distinctive from the broader policy of the Empire. The appeal for solidarity with France was made in the name of the radical ideas of the French Revolution, such as women’s symbolic citizenship, reflected in the title “citoyenne.” KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; War; Women and International Relations; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Franco-German War; Wartime Support committees for wounded; Mobilization; Liberalism.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
08 January 1871, 1871
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
I. C. Drăgescu, fl. 1871
Topic / Theme
Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social Reform and Political Activism, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Internationalism, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, International Peace, Multi-Ethnic Participation in S...
Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social Reform and Political Activism, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Internationalism, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, International Peace, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Germans, French, Romanians
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Indreptatire politica femeilor!
written by Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954, in Adevarul-Glasul Poporulu, December 2, 1918, p. NA (1918), 2 page(s)
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1...
Sample
written by Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954, in Adevarul-Glasul Poporulu, December 2, 1918, p. NA (1918), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1885-1954) was a teacher and politician, a prominent member of the Social-democratic Party in Transylvania. She was a participant in int...
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1885-1954) was a teacher and politician, a prominent member of the Social-democratic Party in Transylvania. She was a participant in international congresses, among which (in all likelihood) the 1913 International Suffrage Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), in Budapest. Beginning with 1912, she published on feminist themes in Romanian-language, social-democratic journals. Simultaneously a member of the Reunion of Romanian Women network, she taught literature and foreign languages in the Reunion's Sibiu secondary school. Together with other socialist leaders, she participated in the 1919 Paris negotiations to help convince outside socialist entities of the importance of a unified Romania. The 1918 Resolution proclaiming Transylvania’s union with the Kingdom of Romania included a provision for universal suffrage, at her insistence. She would resign, together with other Socialists, from her post as Minister of Labour in the transitional, government-like body of the Consiliul Dirigent/Transylvanian Guidance Council on account of the Bucharest central government’s dithering on the suffrage question. Art III.3 of the Resolution mentioned in this newspaper clipping called for “popular, direct, equal, secret vote, per village commune, proportionally, for both sexes, aged at least 21 years for representation in village communes, counties or parliament.” Lemény’s article argues that the provision built on the growing recognition of women’s long-standing political efforts for the national and social cause; she guarantees that “the future will show how much labor power, how much energy of thought has been squandered until now by disregarding women’s political work.” The document highlights the ideological diversity which existed among women involved in the Reuniunile Femeilor Române/Reunions of Romanian Women, the Transylvanian Romanian nationalist associations dedicated to philanthropy and women’s education. Secondly, the document signals discussions on suffrage in a post-imperial setting. Lemény’s biography reveals the importance of transnational connections, within and outside the Habsburg Empire for the genesis of these ideological positions. Her stance on the “national question” for instance, was compatible with the Austro-Marxist tradition, a current of thought which considered nationalist identifications to not be merely superstructural. The article also spotlights the largely-forgotten figure of Eleonora Lemény. Finally, it shows the influence of left-leaning versions of feminism in shaping political realities in Transylvania before and after 1918. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; State Sovereignty; International Peace; Women and International Relations; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Women and Education; Women as Teachers; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Eleonora Lemenyi/ Nora Lemeny/ Lemenyi/Lemeny/ Lemeni/ Lemenyi-Rozvan/ Lemeny-Rozvany; Transylvania; Hermannstadt; Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women; Women’s Associations.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954
Date Published / Released
02 December 1918, 1918
Person Discussed
Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Women as Teachers, Huma...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Women as Teachers, Human Rights, Socialism, Social and Political Leadership, Domestic/National Sovereignty, International Peace, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3)
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental...
Sample
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-192...
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial” mentioned in the letter. ¶ This letter thanks Emilia Rațiu for the beautifully-embroidered chemisette and bolero she had sent, mentions friends’ admiration for the clothes’ graceful shapes and harmonious colors, and asks Rațiu to thank everyone who worked on the clothing. Del Homme informs Rațiu that she spoke at length to three Members of Parliament on the “Romanian Question”, trying to persuade them that “a word said in Parliament” would greatly help Rațiu’s work. Del Homme reports that MPs were sympathetic and requested further documents on the issue. Del Homme writes that she sent several reports on the Memorandum trial happening in Cluj/Kolosvàr/Klausenburg to English newspapers but that the press there was “hesitant” to publish an account, for “fear of inciting polemics.” ¶ This letter is one among several exchanged in 1894 by Emilia Rațiu and progressive Englishwomen. It sheds light on the merging of transnational cultural interaction (i.e., sending parts of a folk costume as a gift) with transnational political activism and lobbying. Among others, this mix was made possible by the incorporation into nationalists’ self-definition of a particularly Austro-Hungarian ethnographic gaze, which emphasized both ethnic diversity and difference. The document also underscores women’s involvement in England in lobbying Parliament on behalf of the rights of dominated nations or nationalities. It points to the cautious attitude of English MPs as well as the English press towards what was being presented as the “Romanian Question.” KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Women and International Relations; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Networks; Mobilization; Lobbying; Cultural Diplomacy; Press.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Pol...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, International Peace, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrians, Hungarians, English, Romanians
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