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Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1914-1915 si 1915-1916
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1916), 38 page(s)
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-languag...
Sample
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1916), 38 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It...
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It reorganized this school in 1911, by dividing it into sections for training in industrial and housekeeping work but closed it in 1914. For more on the school, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). After the beginning of the Great War, the Sibiu Reunion volunteered to care for the Austro-Hungarian Army’s wounded by creating a “reserve hospital” in the training school’s building. In 1919, Queen Marie of Romania (1875-1938) became patron of the Reunion’s reopened School for Housekeeping and Industry. In the years that followed, the Sibiu Reunion was a significant participant in the federative Union of Romanian Women, initiated by Maria Baiulescu. ¶ The Yearbook offers information on the activities of the Sibiu Reunion of Romanian Women between 1914 and 1916. According to the administrative documents reproduced in the yearbook (meeting minutes, budgets, annual report), the “reserve hospital” cared for “264 wounded soldiers, by origin from the different countries of our Monarchy.” In 1915, the Reunion hospital and its initiators were commended by the visiting Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria (1866-1939), a promoter of the Red Cross in Austria-Hungary. In 1916, the Reunion closed its hospital, arguing that it was no longer sent any wounded to care for. Valeria Soroștineanu has shown that the situation of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt and its inhabitants during the second half of the war was complicated: when the Kingdom of Romania joined the war in 1916, on the side of the Entente, the city was quickly surrounded by the neighboring country’s troops, with most civilians fleeing the area. The members of the Reunion remaining in the (still Austro-Hungarian) city of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt drastically reduced their social involvement, due to the “heavy atmosphere” and the weight of familial concerns. The Reunion re-emerged in late 1918 to welcome Romanian troops to the city and host a reception in honor of the Romanian-allied French General Henri Berthelot (1861-1931). For more on this, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). ¶ By covering the first years of the Great War, the yearbook helps us understand the transition undergone by the Sibiu Reunion, and to a certain extent, all women’s Reunions in Transylvania. Until 1916, the Reunion behaved largely like an Austro-Hungarian association of pragmatic, nationalistic Romanian women and was considered a significant part of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt’s municipal associational fabric. After 1918, the organization presented itself and was recognized as primarily, ardently nationalistic. This yearbook helps reconstruct the evolution of Transylvanian Romanian women’s associations in the years right before, during and immediately after the Great War. In a broader sense, it contributes to comprehending the transformation of “empire” into “post-empire,” for the case of the Dual Monarchy. KEYWORDS: Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; War; War-time welfare; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health; Women as Medical Professionals; Habsburg Empire; Funds and donations; Municipal activism; Archduke Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany; Princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Marie of Romania.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu
Date Published / Released
1916
Publisher
Editura Reuniunii
Person Discussed
Marie, of Romania, 1875-1938, Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, 1866-1939
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Women as Medical Professionals, Birth Control, Sexuality, International Peace, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Egyesült Erovel. A Magyarországi Noegyesületek Szövetségének és a szövetséget alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlö...
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 4, No. 1-4 (Budapest, Budapest County: Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1913), 56 page(s)
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. IV, No. 1-4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues...
Sample
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 4, No. 1-4 (Budapest, Budapest County: Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1913), 56 page(s)
Description
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. IV, No. 1-4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive....
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. IV, No. 1-4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive. As indicated in its subtitle, Egyesült Erővel (With United Forces) was the Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary (Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetsége) and most of the associations forming the alliance. The alliance was established in 1904 and had 78 members in 1909. The journal gives information on the activities of the alliance, including its general assemblies and the activities of many Hungarian women’s associations. Repeatedly mentioned, among others, are the Budapest Israelite Women’s Association (Budapesti Izraelita Nőegylet) and other Jewish women’s associations, the Hungarian Welfare Women’s Association of Brassó [Brasov, Kronstadt] (Brassói Magyar Jótékony Nőegylet), the Klotild Assocation for the Marketing of Women’s Work (A női munkát értékesitő Klotild egylet), the National Association of Hungarian Farmer Women (Magyar Gazdasszonyok Országos Egyesülete), the Maria Dorothea Association (Mária Dorothea Egyesület), the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző Egyesület), the Hungarian Association against the Traffic in Girls (Magyar Egyesület a Leánykereskedés ellen), the National Association of Woman Employees (Nőtisztviselők Országos Egyesülete), the National Catholic Association for the Protection of Women (Országos Kath. Nővédő Egyesület), and the Tabitha Women’s Association (Tabitha-Nőegylet). ¶ Egyesült Erővel regularly reported on congresses, news, and activities related to international organizations, including those by and for women and women’s movements of other countries. The journal published articles about various questions, institutions, and activities considered relevant for the women’s movement and women’s organizing in Hungary, in other countries, and in transnational perspective. It also included book reviews. The journal thus constitutes a key source of information in particular on the history of the more moderate wing of the Hungarian women’s movement and its international context. Non-Hungarian women’s activism in the Hungarian Kingdom is barely mentioned (see vol. 2, July-October 1911, p. 126); therefore, silenced in the journal. The organizations of social-democratic women were not covered by the journal. The liberal-progressive Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) was a member of the Alliance and is repeatedly mentioned. The Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) published its own journal, however, which is available online elsewhere. The journals of the social democratic women, Nőmunkás (Woman Worker) and the Catholic women’s movement, Értesítő (Information), are partially available in this digital archive. KEYWORDS: Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Disarmament; Social Reform and Political Activism; Campaigns Against Prostitution and Sex Trafficking; Welfare Movements; Mutualité; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Auguszta Rosenberg; Mrs. György Markos; Mrs. Albert Apponyi born Clotilde, Klotild Dietrichstein-Mensdorff-Pouilly (1867–1942); Róza Latinovits
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Date Published / Released
1913
Publisher
Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary
Series
Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary]
Person Discussed
Countess Clotilde Apponyi, 1867-1942, Róza Latinovits, 1877-1936, Mrs. György Markos, fl. 1911, Auguszta Rosenberg, 1859-1946
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Campaigns Against Prostitution and Sex Trafficking, Post-war Treaty Terms, International Peace,...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Campaigns Against Prostitution and Sex Trafficking, Post-war Treaty Terms, International Peace, Hungarians
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A feministák
written by Péter Veres, 1897-1970, in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd, ed. by Péter Veres. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944). pp. 231-243 (1944), 14 page(s)
TITLE: The Feminists, in _Village Chronicle_. DESCRIPTION: In this chapter of his book, Péter Veres (born 1897, Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, died 1970), writer, peasant politician and later on state-socialist politician, gives a document-based account of the history of a group of politically acti...
Sample
written by Péter Veres, 1897-1970, in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd, ed. by Péter Veres. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944). pp. 231-243 (1944), 14 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Feminists, in _Village Chronicle_. DESCRIPTION: In this chapter of his book, Péter Veres (born 1897, Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, died 1970), writer, peasant politician and later on state-socialist politician, gives a document-based account of the history of a group of politically active peasant women under the leadership of Mrs. István Bordás Sára Rokon Tóth. Veres relates that on Ascension Day 1908, the National...
TITLE: The Feminists, in _Village Chronicle_. DESCRIPTION: In this chapter of his book, Péter Veres (born 1897, Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, died 1970), writer, peasant politician and later on state-socialist politician, gives a document-based account of the history of a group of politically active peasant women under the leadership of Mrs. István Bordás Sára Rokon Tóth. Veres relates that on Ascension Day 1908, the National Agriculture Party (Országos Földmívelő Párt), a left-wing peasant party, and the “local women” (helyi asszonyok) invited Róza Schwimmer (1877-1948) to a women’s meeting in Balmazújváros. Róza Schwimmer was a key representative of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), the leading progressive-liberal women’s organization in Hungary at the time. (According to Schwimmer, a women’s organization had been founded in Balmazújváros on April 8, 1908). Upon Christmas 1908, a leaflet was available: the cover page gave the party program, while the reverse side gave Mrs. Bordás’ proclamation, which ponders why nobody asks questions about women’s inclusion when peasant women who do all the hard, agricultural work side by side with men. Veres in his chapter makes sure to repeatedly differentiate between the approach, language, and demands of the “feminists” as opposed to the peasant women, underlining that the latter were engaged with bread and butter issues too. He directly quotes their complaint that the Magyars suffer from high taxes while “the border is full with” Slovakian, Ukrainian, Romanian and Palóc-Hungarian agricultural contract workers. ¶ The women from Balmazújváros attracted international attention. Mrs. István Bordás, Julis (Julia) Bak, Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. András Juhász Ilona Pénzes, Mrs. Bálint Gém and Mrs. József Deli (these are the names Veres gives) traveled to Budapest in 1913 and participated in the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA in the Hungarian capital city and related formal events. In 1917, two women from Balmazújváros, Mrs. Péter Szeifert Julcsa (Júlia) Pokrócz and Mrs. Imre Béke, participated in a suffrage delegation of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), which was received by the Hungarian Prime minister István Tisza. Veres recounts the experiences of the women from Balmazújváros in 1913 and 1917 in colorful detail. ¶ This digital archive includes a set of dated letters from the women of Balmazújváros to the Feminist Association from the beginning in 1908 through 1918, as well as undated letters, which can be assumed to have been written before the end of the Habsburg Monarchy. See, the correspondence with Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. István Bordás, Mrs. István Szabó, Rosika Schwimmer, and the Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association]. Of note, the journal of the Feminist Association, titled A nő és a társadalom [Women and Society], is available full text online elsewhere. It repeatedly reports about the women from Balmazújváros. Parts of Péter Veres’s account directly build on these reports. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Hungarian government; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; World War I; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Association of Peasant Women; Home Industry; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Slovakia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Author / Creator
Péter Veres, 1897-1970
Date Published / Released
1944
Person Discussed
Rosika Schwimmer, 1877-1948, István Bordás Sára Rokon Tóth, fl. 1908
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Development, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Women as “Proletariat”, Household Crafts, Human Rights, Int...
World War I, 1914-1918, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Development, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Women as “Proletariat”, Household Crafts, Human Rights, International Peace, Empire and Feminism, Slovak, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Honleányokhoz
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Nemzetőr. Melléklet a "Pesti Divatlaphoz" [National Guardsman: Supplement to the Pest Fashion Magazine], No. 21, November 23, 1848, p. 323 (1848), 1 page(s)
TITLE: To the Daughters of the Homeland. DESCRIPTION: This poem is from the title page of the 23 November 1848 issue of Nemzetőr (Guardian of the Nation). It exhorts patriotic girls to stand behind the revolutionary soldier fighting in the Hungarian militia/army (honvéd). In the last stanza, the image of sewing...
Sample
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Nemzetőr. Melléklet a "Pesti Divatlaphoz" [National Guardsman: Supplement to the Pest Fashion Magazine], No. 21, November 23, 1848, p. 323 (1848), 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: To the Daughters of the Homeland. DESCRIPTION: This poem is from the title page of the 23 November 1848 issue of Nemzetőr (Guardian of the Nation). It exhorts patriotic girls to stand behind the revolutionary soldier fighting in the Hungarian militia/army (honvéd). In the last stanza, the image of sewing slides into the metaphor of stabbing to death the Habsburg enemy, embodied in the Viennese privy council rather than in the monarch, wh...
TITLE: To the Daughters of the Homeland. DESCRIPTION: This poem is from the title page of the 23 November 1848 issue of Nemzetőr (Guardian of the Nation). It exhorts patriotic girls to stand behind the revolutionary soldier fighting in the Hungarian militia/army (honvéd). In the last stanza, the image of sewing slides into the metaphor of stabbing to death the Habsburg enemy, embodied in the Viennese privy council rather than in the monarch, who at that time was recognized as the legitimate king of Hungary. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Ferdinand I of Austria; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War, International Governance and International Law; War; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Poetry
Date Published / Released
23 November 1848, 1848
Person Discussed
Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria, 1793-1875
Topic / Theme
Hungarian Revolution of 1848, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, International Peace, Law Enforcement, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Austrians, Hungarians
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Indreptatire politica femeilor!
written by Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954, in Adevarul-Glasul Poporulu, December 2, 1918, p. NA (1918), 2 page(s)
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1...
Sample
written by Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954, in Adevarul-Glasul Poporulu, December 2, 1918, p. NA (1918), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1885-1954) was a teacher and politician, a prominent member of the Social-democratic Party in Transylvania. She was a participant in int...
TITLE: Legitimate Women's Policy! DESCRIPTION: This brief newspaper article by Eleonora Lemény celebrates Art. III.3 of the 1918 Resolution proclaiming the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The article was published in the social-democratic newspaper Adevarul-Glasul Poporului. Eleonora Lemény (1885-1954) was a teacher and politician, a prominent member of the Social-democratic Party in Transylvania. She was a participant in international congresses, among which (in all likelihood) the 1913 International Suffrage Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), in Budapest. Beginning with 1912, she published on feminist themes in Romanian-language, social-democratic journals. Simultaneously a member of the Reunion of Romanian Women network, she taught literature and foreign languages in the Reunion's Sibiu secondary school. Together with other socialist leaders, she participated in the 1919 Paris negotiations to help convince outside socialist entities of the importance of a unified Romania. The 1918 Resolution proclaiming Transylvania’s union with the Kingdom of Romania included a provision for universal suffrage, at her insistence. She would resign, together with other Socialists, from her post as Minister of Labour in the transitional, government-like body of the Consiliul Dirigent/Transylvanian Guidance Council on account of the Bucharest central government’s dithering on the suffrage question. Art III.3 of the Resolution mentioned in this newspaper clipping called for “popular, direct, equal, secret vote, per village commune, proportionally, for both sexes, aged at least 21 years for representation in village communes, counties or parliament.” Lemény’s article argues that the provision built on the growing recognition of women’s long-standing political efforts for the national and social cause; she guarantees that “the future will show how much labor power, how much energy of thought has been squandered until now by disregarding women’s political work.” The document highlights the ideological diversity which existed among women involved in the Reuniunile Femeilor Române/Reunions of Romanian Women, the Transylvanian Romanian nationalist associations dedicated to philanthropy and women’s education. Secondly, the document signals discussions on suffrage in a post-imperial setting. Lemény’s biography reveals the importance of transnational connections, within and outside the Habsburg Empire for the genesis of these ideological positions. Her stance on the “national question” for instance, was compatible with the Austro-Marxist tradition, a current of thought which considered nationalist identifications to not be merely superstructural. The article also spotlights the largely-forgotten figure of Eleonora Lemény. Finally, it shows the influence of left-leaning versions of feminism in shaping political realities in Transylvania before and after 1918. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; State Sovereignty; International Peace; Women and International Relations; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Women and Education; Women as Teachers; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Eleonora Lemenyi/ Nora Lemeny/ Lemenyi/Lemeny/ Lemeni/ Lemenyi-Rozvan/ Lemeny-Rozvany; Transylvania; Hermannstadt; Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women; Women’s Associations.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954
Date Published / Released
02 December 1918, 1918
Person Discussed
Eleonora Lemény, 1885-1954
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Women as Teachers, Huma...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Women as Teachers, Human Rights, Socialism, Social and Political Leadership, Domestic/National Sovereignty, International Peace, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3)
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental...
Sample
written by Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 830/1894, ff. 1-4) (1894) , 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-192...
TITLE: Jeanne del Homme to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, London, 1894 (3). DESCRIPTION: This letter is one of three written by Jeanne del Homme, in French, to Emilia Rațiu in 1894. The year has been determined based on content. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial” mentioned in the letter. ¶ This letter thanks Emilia Rațiu for the beautifully-embroidered chemisette and bolero she had sent, mentions friends’ admiration for the clothes’ graceful shapes and harmonious colors, and asks Rațiu to thank everyone who worked on the clothing. Del Homme informs Rațiu that she spoke at length to three Members of Parliament on the “Romanian Question”, trying to persuade them that “a word said in Parliament” would greatly help Rațiu’s work. Del Homme reports that MPs were sympathetic and requested further documents on the issue. Del Homme writes that she sent several reports on the Memorandum trial happening in Cluj/Kolosvàr/Klausenburg to English newspapers but that the press there was “hesitant” to publish an account, for “fear of inciting polemics.” ¶ This letter is one among several exchanged in 1894 by Emilia Rațiu and progressive Englishwomen. It sheds light on the merging of transnational cultural interaction (i.e., sending parts of a folk costume as a gift) with transnational political activism and lobbying. Among others, this mix was made possible by the incorporation into nationalists’ self-definition of a particularly Austro-Hungarian ethnographic gaze, which emphasized both ethnic diversity and difference. The document also underscores women’s involvement in England in lobbying Parliament on behalf of the rights of dominated nations or nationalities. It points to the cautious attitude of English MPs as well as the English press towards what was being presented as the “Romanian Question.” KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; Women and International Relations; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania; Networks; Mobilization; Lobbying; Cultural Diplomacy; Press.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1894
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Pol...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Immigration, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, International Peace, Social and Cultural Rights, Austrians, Hungarians, English, Romanians
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