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Az alakuló Noképzo-Egyesület programmja.1867; Alapszabály. 1868
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 702-705 (1902), 4 page(s)
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1...
Sample
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 702-705 (1902), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book c...
TITLE: Program of the Forming Association for Women's Education, 1867; and the Charter, 1868, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, 702-705. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book contains an extensive account of the life and activities of Beniczky and reprints of many original documents. Hermin Beniczky, usually remembered as Mrs. Pál Veres (1815-1895), was a pioneer of Hungarian women’s education, founder in 1868 of the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző-Egyesület) and its long-term President, and co-founder in 1869 of the first high school for girls in Hungary. See the biographical summary of her in Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 54-57. The extracts selected include a collection of writings dating from the period 1865–69. These include Beniczky’s calls from 1865 and 1867, her treatise from 1868 and documents of her lobbying with the governing party from 1868–69, when she submitted a petition signed by nine thousand women to the Hungarian parliament, requesting a law on higher women’s schools with public funding. In her writings, Beniczky condemned the exclusive concern for languages and etiquette in the upbringing of upper-class girls and argued that a more meaningful education would also help secure a livelihood for unmarried and widowed women. Taking note of a general shift from physical towards intellectual work, she set out a broad range of possible female careers. However, she kept distancing herself from any more far-reaching concept of women’s emancipation. There is also a portrait of Beniczky. Another selection from Beniczky’s writings from the period 1869 to 1883, includes opening speeches from the Association’s general assembly meetings, letters, papers and addresses. The initiative to finance higher women’s schools from public funds failed in lack of political backing. The central school, however, got under way in 1869 with Hungarian as the sole language of instruction, and although Beniczky complained about high attrition rates, it soon launched a teacher training track as well. Finally, a selection from the documents from the period 1869–94 include the statutes of the National Association, the first curriculum of the central school for the two lower grades, a report on its opening, a call by the Association to celebrate the royal couple’s 25 year coronation jubilee (Francis Joseph was Emperor of Austria since 1848 but had been crowned King of Hungary only in 1867), its congratulatory letter sent on the same occasion, and contributions to the 25 year jubilee of the National Association itself in 1893. The curriculum is remarkable for giving a close glimpse at Beniczky’s ambitious vision of women’s education. Girls of thirteen to fourteen years of age in the general track studied all of the following subjects: art history, aesthetics, pedagogy, hygienic, Hungarian, German and French, arithmetic, drawing, thinking, ethics, Hungarian cultural history and civics, Hungarian literary history and chemistry applied to the household. A few letters received by Mrs. Veres, writings about her, and writings which address her activities and other important events in relation to women’s education, such as for instance the speech by the Minister for education, Gyula Wlassics, on the occasion of the opening of the National Association’s girls’ gymnasium in 1896, are also included. In 1906 a statue was erected in Budapest depicturing Mrs. Veres, wearing a Hungarian national costume. Today, the statue is placed at the beginning of Mrs. Pál Veres Street (Veres Pálné utca) in the inner city of the Hungarian capital. Its pedestal carries the inscription “Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky. She fought for the cause that Woman with her education and her soul may become a factor/agent (tényező) of national welfare.” For more on the sculpture, see Veres Pálné, Beniczky Hermin szobra [The Sculpture of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky] (Budapest, 1906). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Dynasty; Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Empress of Austria; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Women and Education; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male-Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Austria; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Date Published / Released
1902
Person Discussed
Hermin Beniczky, 1815-1895, Elisabeth, Empress, consort of Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1837-1898, Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1830-1916, Gyula Wlassics, 1852-1937
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Access to Higher Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Indigenous La...
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Access to Higher Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Hungarians, Austrians
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China, her life and her people
written by Francesca French, 1871-1960 and Mildred Cable, 1878-1952 (London, England: University of London Press, 1946), 213 page(s)
Sample
written by Francesca French, 1871-1960 and Mildred Cable, 1878-1952 (London, England: University of London Press, 1946), 213 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Francesca French, 1871-1960, Mildred Cable, 1878-1952
Date Published / Released
1946
Publisher
University of London Press
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Social and Cultural Rights, National Identity, Chinese, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in...
Sample
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of R...
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” which focused on women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Baritiu" County Library Brasov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. The Union of Romanian Women reunited approximatively half of the 60 independent Romanian women’s “Reunions” that had appeared in Transylvania since the 1850s. ¶ The speech laid out the purpose of a Union with “centralized power” to direct the activities of the adhering women’s Reunions in Hungary. The document also argued that the Union would direct the activities of women’s Reunions that would form in the future. The goals of the Union outlined by Baiulescu were promoting girls’ education, preserving peasant women’s handicraft traditions, raising “hardworking and thrifty wives and mothers,” promoting charitability among women, and creating a unified orphanage. Finally, according to Baiulescu, “through her disinterested social work woman is becoming an important factor even in states’ lives as only she is capable to resolve somewhat the humanitarian problem.” At first sight, the speech reaffirms and unifies the existing areas of activity of the Union’s members and places them within the politically uncontroversial frame of “republican motherhood.” However, concerning the context of this speech, the Romanian Women’s Union founding congress was scheduled to coincide with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest (3-5 June 1913). Whereas Saxon and Hungarian women’s associations in Transylvania were visible participants at the IWSA Congress, the newly-formed Union abstained from organized participation. The abstention was due to a “silenced or veiled” (but, nevertheless, present) suffrage politics pursued by the Transylvanian Romanian women’s movement in Hungary, one that may have been carried aut through the Romanian National Party’s advocating universal suffrage in the Hungarian Parliament, largely because of governemntal restrictions against minorities associational life in the Kingdom of Hungary ¶ This document points to the existence of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary and the tendencies towards centralization of disparate women’s associations, occurring by the 1910s. Secondly, Baiulescu’s speech reveals the rhetoric that masked the transnational connections and internationally convergent politics some politically-minded Transylvanian Romanian women, although, perhaps, not Maria Baiulescu herself, were pursuing at the time. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labor; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA).
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Su...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Romanians
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Legelso tanterv. 1869
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 705-707 (1902), 3 page(s)
TITLE: The First Curriculum: 1869, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, pp. 705-707. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres He...
Sample
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). pp. 705-707 (1902), 3 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The First Curriculum: 1869, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, pp. 705-707. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book contains an extensive account of the life and activities...
TITLE: The First Curriculum: 1869, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, pp. 705-707. DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book contains an extensive account of the life and activities of Beniczky and reprints of many original documents. Hermin Beniczky, usually remembered as Mrs. Pál Veres (1815-1895), was a pioneer of Hungarian women’s education, founder in 1868 of the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző-Egyesület) and its long-term President, and co-founder in 1869 of the first high school for girls in Hungary. See the biographical summary of her in Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 54-57. The extracts selected include a collection of writings dating from the period 1865–69. These include Beniczky’s calls from 1865 and 1867, her treatise from 1868 and documents of her lobbying with the governing party from 1868–69, when she submitted a petition signed by nine thousand women to the Hungarian parliament, requesting a law on higher women’s schools with public funding. In her writings, Beniczky condemned the exclusive concern for languages and etiquette in the upbringing of upper-class girls and argued that a more meaningful education would also help secure a livelihood for unmarried and widowed women. Taking note of a general shift from physical towards intellectual work, she set out a broad range of possible female careers. However, she kept distancing herself from any more far-reaching concept of women’s emancipation. There is also a portrait of Beniczky. Another selection from Beniczky’s writings from the period 1869 to 1883, includes opening speeches from the Association’s general assembly meetings, letters, papers and addresses. The initiative to finance higher women’s schools from public funds failed in lack of political backing. The central school, however, got under way in 1869 with Hungarian as the sole language of instruction, and although Beniczky complained about high attrition rates, it soon launched a teacher training track as well. Finally, a selection from the documents from the period 1869–94 include the statutes of the National Association, the first curriculum of the central school for the two lower grades, a report on its opening, a call by the Association to celebrate the royal couple’s 25 year coronation jubilee (Francis Joseph was Emperor of Austria since 1848 but had been crowned King of Hungary only in 1867), its congratulatory letter sent on the same occasion, and contributions to the 25 year jubilee of the National Association itself in 1893. The curriculum is remarkable for giving a close glimpse at Beniczky’s ambitious vision of women’s education. Girls of thirteen to fourteen years of age in the general track studied all of the following subjects: art history, aesthetics, pedagogy, hygienic, Hungarian, German and French, arithmetic, drawing, thinking, ethics, Hungarian cultural history and civics, Hungarian literary history and chemistry applied to the household. A few letters received by Mrs. Veres, writings about her, and writings which address her activities and other important events in relation to women’s education, such as for instance the speech by the Minister for education, Gyula Wlassics, on the occasion of the opening of the National Association’s girls’ gymnasium in 1896, are also included. In 1906 a statue was erected in Budapest depicturing Mrs. Veres, wearing a Hungarian national costume. Today, the statue is placed at the beginning of Mrs. Pál Veres Street (Veres Pálné utca) in the inner city of the Hungarian capital. Its pedestal carries the inscription “Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky. She fought for the cause that Woman with her education and her soul may become a factor/agent (tényező) of national welfare.” For more on the sculpture, see Veres Pálné, Beniczky Hermin szobra [The Sculpture of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky] (Budapest, 1906). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Dynasty; Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Empress of Austria; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Women and Education; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male-Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Austria; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Date Published / Released
1902
Person Discussed
Hermin Beniczky, 1815-1895, Elisabeth, Empress, consort of Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1837-1898, Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, 1830-1916, Gyula Wlassics, 1852-1937
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Empire and Feminism, Empire and Education, Hungarians, Austrians
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Međunarodni kongres za žensko biračko pravo
in Žena, Vol. 3, no. 4, January 4, 1913, pp. 240-245 (1913), 6 page(s)
TITLE: International Congress for the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is an announcement on the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, Vladislava-Boba Polit, “O feminizmu. VII. međunarodni svetski kongres ženskinja u Bud...
Sample
in Žena, Vol. 3, no. 4, January 4, 1913, pp. 240-245 (1913), 6 page(s)
Description
TITLE: International Congress for the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is an announcement on the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, Vladislava-Boba Polit, “O feminizmu. VII. međunarodni svetski kongres ženskinja u Budimpešti [On feminism. The 7th international world’s congress of women in Budapest],” Ženski svet, August 1913. It includes the le...
TITLE: International Congress for the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is an announcement on the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, Vladislava-Boba Polit, “O feminizmu. VII. međunarodni svetski kongres ženskinja u Budimpešti [On feminism. The 7th international world’s congress of women in Budapest],” Ženski svet, August 1913. It includes the letter of Rosika Schwimmer to Milica Tomić, inviting the Serbian sisters to join the congress. The announcement was published in Žena (The Woman), a periodical edited by Milica Tomić and published in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. Milica Tomić is most likely the author of the text. Tomić (1859-1944) was a writer, editor and a public activist for women’s rights born and based in Novi Sad. She published numerous works on the subject of women’s rights, education and emancipation. In 1911, she founded the journal Žena, which she edited until 1921. In 1881, she had been hired to work for the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women in Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). See, “Rad dobrotvornih zadruga [The Work of Charitable Cooperatives],” Ženski svet, January 5, 1886. In 1910, she initiated the establishment of the Women’s Reading Room ‘Posestrima’(Ženska čitaonica ‘Posestrima’). See, Milica Tomić, “Ženska čitaonica [Women’s Reading Room],” Žena, 1911. Milica Tomić cooperated with Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948), a prominent Hungarian feminist, and their correspondence was published in one of the issues of Žena. In the article, the author explains that the international congresses in support of women’s suffrage shows the progress in all countries when it comes to the question of women’s suffrage. The author believes that the planned congress in Budapest will be successful and that it will help “the women’s movement fighting for women’s suffrage.” The author is enthusiastic about the planned congress in Budapest, describing what is planned and who is supposed to come. The author includes a letter which the editor, Milica Tomić, has received from Rosika Schwimmer, who invites “the Serbian sisters” to join the congress. The author evaluates the invitation as very kind and invites Serbian women to attend the congress. KEYWORDS: Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire and Feminism; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Budapest
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Date Published / Released
04 January 1913, 1913
Person Discussed
Milica Tomić, fl. 1911, Rosika Schwimmer, 1877-1948
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Socialism, Serbians
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O feminizmu. VII. međunarodni svetski kongres ženskinja u Budimpešti
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 28, no. 7-8, July-August, 1913, pp. 155-158 (1913), 4 page(s)
TITLE: On Feminism: The 7th International World's Congress of Women in Budapest. DESCRIPTION: This article discusses the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, “Međunarodni kongres za žensko biračko pravo [International Congress for...
Sample
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 28, no. 7-8, July-August, 1913, pp. 155-158 (1913), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: On Feminism: The 7th International World's Congress of Women in Budapest. DESCRIPTION: This article discusses the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, “Međunarodni kongres za žensko biračko pravo [International Congress for the Women’s Suffrage],” Žena, January 4, 1913. In the article, the author discusses her impressions of the Congress and, towards t...
TITLE: On Feminism: The 7th International World's Congress of Women in Budapest. DESCRIPTION: This article discusses the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, “Međunarodni kongres za žensko biračko pravo [International Congress for the Women’s Suffrage],” Žena, January 4, 1913. In the article, the author discusses her impressions of the Congress and, towards the end, gives her thoughts and ideas on feminism. The author, Vladislava Beba Polit, was born in 1886 in Novi Sad. She was a feminist and philosopher who earned her PhD in Philosophy in Budapest in 1912. See also, “Srpska Viša Devojačka Škola u Novom Sadu [The Serbian High School for Girls in Novi Sad],” Ženski svet, August 1913. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The editor of the journal was Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and who was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad in 1874. When describing her impressions from the Budapest Congress, Vladislava Beba Polit emphasizes how the woman question has progressed and how feminism has “caught roots” in all parts of the world. She reports that 3,000 women participated in the Congress but also a lot of men. She mentions that because of “the political reasons” the representatives from Serbia could not attend the congress. The participants from Australia and California are described as “the most original” participants given that they are a very “special race of people.” The most frequently spoken language on the Congress was English; one of the reasons is that the president of the Congress, Carrie Chapman Catt, speaks no other languages than English. Polit describes Chapman Catt as “educated, noble lady,” a billionaire from New York who is a very skilled public speaker. Further on, Polit reports on the topics discussed at the Congress: the development of feminism, the progress of the women question in different countries, backwardness in the education of children, the significance of women in the spheres of culture and industry. All the participants were supportive of the “complete equality of women, social as much as political.” Polit mentions that after the speech of a feminist from California she had overheard an unknown man saying: “Frankly, I have no idea what she said, but if all the feminists looked like her, I wouldn’t have anything against feminism.” Additionally, Polit describes the conflict that happened between the president and the “suffragettes-militants” whom she describes as those “who burn and tear down houses.” Being a Serbian representative from Austria-Hungary, Polit says she had difficulties explaining that she was not from Belgrade, “but from Hungary.” When she explained “to people where I come from” this alone “sounded like a political speech.” Finally, she evaluates that Serbian women are backward in comparison to other women. She declares that Serbian women should start working seriously “to at least get close to them.” One difference between the Serbian and other women (from the West) is that Serbian women had chosen house and family as central point of their feminism. “A Serbian woman will fight, fanatically if needed, for her rights, but she will always remain a woman and as a woman she will show what she is able” to achieve, adds Polit. She also says that Serbian women do not need to fight in such a way like Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928), but they need to fight for their rights “slowly, spontaneously, along with the time and culture.” Also, Serbian women do not need suffrage right away. At the end of the article, she gives her own explanation of the essence of feminism. KEYWORDS: Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire and Feminism; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women
Date Published / Released
1913
Person Discussed
Emmeline Pankhurst, 1858-1928, Carrie Chapman, Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874, Vladislava Beba Polit, 1886-
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Serbians
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O izbornom pravu ženskinja
in Žena, Vol. 2, no. 6, January 6, 1912, pp. 347-352 (1912), 6 page(s)
TITLE: On the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the assembly held in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina, in favor of women’s suffrage, with participation of Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) from Budapest. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable deg...
Sample
in Žena, Vol. 2, no. 6, January 6, 1912, pp. 347-352 (1912), 6 page(s)
Description
TITLE: On the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the assembly held in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina, in favor of women’s suffrage, with participation of Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) from Budapest. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbia...
TITLE: On the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the assembly held in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina, in favor of women’s suffrage, with participation of Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) from Budapest. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The report is unsigned, but the author is probably Milica Tomić, the editor of the periodical Žena (The Woman) in which this report was published. Milica Tomić (1859-1944) was a writer, editor and a public activist for women’s rights born and based in Novi Sad. She published numerous works on the subject of women’s rights, education and emancipation. In 1911, she founded the journal Žena, which she edited until 1921. In 1881, she had been hired to work for the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women in Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). See, “Rad dobrotvornih zadruga [The Work of Charitable Cooperatives],” Ženski svet, January 5, 1886. In 1910, she initiated the establishment of the Women’s Reading Room ‘Posestrima’ (Ženska čitaonica ‘Posestrima’). See, Milica Tomić, “Ženska čitaonica [Women’s Reading Room],” Žena, 1911. Tomić cooperated with Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948), a prominent Hungarian feminist, and their correspondence was published in one of the issues of Žena. The organizers of the assembly in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina, were the Serbian People‘s Radical Party (Srpska Narodna Radikalna Stranka) and other parties. The author mentions that the first two parties reportedly supported women’s suffrage, while the leader of the third, Hungarian party repeatedly declared that “the time has not come yet.” One of the speakers at the assembly was Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948), a Hungarian feminist and suffrage activist, talking during the assembly as a representative of the Hungarian Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete). The author describes how determined Schwimmer was to talk, even though many opposed it. After the speech, some men on the street led the discussion about Schwimmer’s talk; a Hungarian man spoke out against Schwimmer, while a Serbian man was supportive. A socialist speaker from Budapest was speaking against Rosika Schwimmer, saying that she was not welcome on the assemblies of men. Finally, the author reminds the reader of the recent bloody demonstrations in Budapest (probably 23 May 1912, a mass demonstration for universal suffrage in Budapest called afterwards “Bloody Thursday”), where many had been killed and injured, including several Serbian women. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Empire and Feminism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Budapest
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Date Published / Released
06 January 1912, 1912
Person Discussed
Rosika Schwimmer, 1877-1948, Milica Tomić, fl. 1911
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Feminism, Serbians
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Participrea femeilor romane din Ardeal in procesul Memorandumului in _Universul_(Bucharest)
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 30, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections), in The Universe, June 19, 1934, p. NA (1934), 4 page(s)
TITLE: The Participation of Romanian Women from Transylvania in the Memorandum Trial in _The Universe_(Bucharest). DESCRIPTION: A 1934 account by eyewitness Maria Baiulescu of the activity of the “political committee” of Romanian women formed in Brașov in 1894, published in the Bucharest-based Universul newsp...
Sample
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 30, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections), in The Universe, June 19, 1934, p. NA (1934), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Participation of Romanian Women from Transylvania in the Memorandum Trial in _The Universe_(Bucharest). DESCRIPTION: A 1934 account by eyewitness Maria Baiulescu of the activity of the “political committee” of Romanian women formed in Brașov in 1894, published in the Bucharest-based Universul newspaper, and kept as a newspaper clipping in Baiulescu’s archives. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and c...
TITLE: The Participation of Romanian Women from Transylvania in the Memorandum Trial in _The Universe_(Bucharest). DESCRIPTION: A 1934 account by eyewitness Maria Baiulescu of the activity of the “political committee” of Romanian women formed in Brașov in 1894, published in the Bucharest-based Universul newspaper, and kept as a newspaper clipping in Baiulescu’s archives. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” a concept constructed around women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Barițiu" County Library Brașov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. ¶ Baiulescu’s article describes how the committee was formed by Elena Muresianu and Elena Baiulescu (Maria Baiulescu’s mother) in order to support and agitate in favour of the men arrested for publishing a political manifesto claiming the observance of Transylvanian Romanians’ formal political rights (the so-called “Memorandum Trial”). See also, Ludmila Beblava, “Ludmila Beblava, et al., to Emilia Rațiu, 20 March 1896” (Letter, [Slovakia], March 20, 1896), 1180/1896, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest. The political committee disbanded after the freeing of the arrested in 1896. According to the article, within Transylvania, the activity of the committee consisted of formal adhesions and addresses to the National (i.e. Memorandum) Committee, issuing commemorative coins to be worn by women in support of the detained and organizing prayer gatherings. Maria Baiulescu credits the committee with establishing the first formal contact with women’s organizations in the Kingdom of Romania, by organizing the visit of one Ms. Sihleanu. She mentions that the committee sent formal thank-you addresses to supportive men in France, Belgium, and Italy. The article quotes integrally the text of the preserved address to Italian members of Parliament, who had expressed their support for the arrested. The address rested on the argument that Hungarians did not observe the principles of liberty owed to cohabiting nations. ¶ This relatively brief newspaper article, written by a fairly reliable direct participant, contains in synthetic form information that is otherwise difficult to piece together based on existing historiography. It illuminates the gendered history of the event that generated the highest level of mobilization of ethnic-Romanian public opinion in the late nineteenth century and later became canonized as a “key event” in the Romanian narrative on the history of Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary. At the same time, the article needs to be read in the context of the mid-1930s, when Transylvanian nationalism was re-narrated as a national-self-determination fight and less as a political struggle that sought cohabitation rights within an imperial setting, as 19th century Transylvanian nationalist publications seem to suggest. On Brașov women’s agitational politics during the Memorandum trial, see also Elena Muresianu and Elena Baiulescu, “Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 iunie 1894” (Letter, Brașov, României, June 16, 1894), 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest; and Dionisie Vaida, “Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 februarie 1895” (Letter, Transylvania, February 5, 1895), 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary Transylvania; Comitetul Național al Femeilor Roâane/National Committee of Romanian Women; Memorandum.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Date Published / Released
19 June 1934, 1934
Person Discussed
Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860, Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Political Leadership, Hungarians, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--20...
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Political Leadership, Hungarians, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Portrait of Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin [Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky]
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary) (1902), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). p. NA (1902), 1 page(s)
TITLE: Portrait of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, frontmatter (1p.). DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activit...
Sample
(Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár [Metropolitan Ervin Szabo Library], Budapest, Hungary) (1902), in Veres Pálné Beniczky Hermin élete és működése. Hálás tisztelete jeléül kiadta: az Országos Nőképző-Egyesület [Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published As a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education], edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. (Budapest: Az Atheneum irod. és nyomdai r.-társulat könyvnyomdája, 1902). p. NA (1902), 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Portrait of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, frontmatter (1p.). DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book contains an extensive account of...
TITLE: Portrait of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, in Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, Published as a Token of Grateful Adoration by the National Association for Women's Education, frontmatter (1p.). DESCRIPTION: This document is one of nine extracts from the 1902 publication Life and Activity of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky, edited by Mrs. József Rudnay and Mrs. Gyula Szigethy. The book contains an extensive account of the life and activities of Beniczky and reprints of many original documents. Hermin Beniczky, usually remembered as Mrs. Pál Veres (1815-1895), was a pioneer of Hungarian women’s education, founder in 1868 of the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző-Egyesület) and its long-term President, and co-founder in 1869 of the first high school for girls in Hungary. See the biographical summary of her in Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 54-57. The extracts selected include a collection of writings dating from the period 1865–69. These include Beniczky’s calls from 1865 and 1867, her treatise from 1868 and documents of her lobbying with the governing party from 1868–69, when she submitted a petition signed by nine thousand women to the Hungarian parliament, requesting a law on higher women’s schools with public funding. In her writings, Beniczky condemned the exclusive concern for languages and etiquette in the upbringing of upper-class girls and argued that a more meaningful education would also help secure a livelihood for unmarried and widowed women. Taking note of a general shift from physical towards intellectual work, she set out a broad range of possible female careers. However, she kept distancing herself from any more far-reaching concept of women’s emancipation. There is also a portrait of Beniczky. Another selection from Beniczky’s writings from the period 1869 to 1883, includes opening speeches from the Association’s general assembly meetings, letters, papers and addresses. The initiative to finance higher women’s schools from public funds failed in lack of political backing. The central school, however, got under way in 1869 with Hungarian as the sole language of instruction, and although Beniczky complained about high attrition rates, it soon launched a teacher training track as well. Finally, a selection from the documents from the period 1869–94 include the statutes of the National Association, the first curriculum of the central school for the two lower grades, a report on its opening, a call by the Association to celebrate the royal couple’s 25 year coronation jubilee (Francis Joseph was Emperor of Austria since 1848 but had been crowned King of Hungary only in 1867), its congratulatory letter sent on the same occasion, and contributions to the 25 year jubilee of the National Association itself in 1893. The curriculum is remarkable for giving a close glimpse at Beniczky’s ambitious vision of women’s education. Girls of thirteen to fourteen years of age in the general track studied all of the following subjects: art history, aesthetics, pedagogy, hygienic, Hungarian, German and French, arithmetic, drawing, thinking, ethics, Hungarian cultural history and civics, Hungarian literary history and chemistry applied to the household. A few letters received by Mrs. Veres, writings about her, and writings which address her activities and other important events in relation to women’s education, such as for instance the speech by the Minister for education, Gyula Wlassics, on the occasion of the opening of the National Association’s girls’ gymnasium in 1896, are also included. In 1906 a statue was erected in Budapest depicturing Mrs. Veres, wearing a Hungarian national costume. Today, the statue is placed at the beginning of Mrs. Pál Veres Street (Veres Pálné utca) in the inner city of the Hungarian capital. Its pedestal carries the inscription “Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky. She fought for the cause that Woman with her education and her soul may become a factor/agent (tényező) of national welfare.” For more on the sculpture, see Veres Pálné, Beniczky Hermin szobra [The Sculpture of Mrs. Pál Veres Hermin Beniczky] (Budapest, 1906). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Dynasty; Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Empress of Austria; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Women and Education; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male-Dominated Organizations; Habsburg Empire; Austria; Hungary.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1902
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Photograph
Date Published / Released
1902
Person Discussed
Hermin Beniczky, 1815-1895
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, National Identity, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Feminism
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A Rift in the East: Trouble in Transylvania, An Appeal to English Opinion
in The Daily Chronicle, July 10, 1894, p. 3 (1894), 4 page(s)
DESCRIPTION: This newspaper clipping was originally published in the London Daily Chronicle. The article is an interview with Jeanne del Homme. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 189...
Sample
in The Daily Chronicle, July 10, 1894, p. 3 (1894), 4 page(s)
Description
DESCRIPTION: This newspaper clipping was originally published in the London Daily Chronicle. The article is an interview with Jeanne del Homme. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. This interview exemplifies this effort by del Homme to bring attention in the United Kingdom to t...
DESCRIPTION: This newspaper clipping was originally published in the London Daily Chronicle. The article is an interview with Jeanne del Homme. Jeanne del Homme was a French teacher, based in Oxford and then in Le Mans. She was instrumental in publicizing the “Memorandum trial” occurring in Transylvania in 1894 among English progressive liberals. This interview exemplifies this effort by del Homme to bring attention in the United Kingdom to the trial and the experiences of Dr. Ioan Rațiu. This article connects to a series of correspondence in this digital archive between del Homme and Emilia Dr. Rațiu. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929), was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist, a frequent contributor to the very popular Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu and mother of Felicia Rațiu. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” This document transnational connections outside the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the circulation of political mobilization practices and knowledges between and among women. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Kingdom of Hungary; United Kingdom.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Date Published / Released
10 July 1894, 1894
Person Discussed
Jeanne del Homme, fl. 1894, Ion Rațiu, 1917-2000
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Human Rights, Social and Political Leadership, National Identity, Romanians
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