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Adunarea Generală a Asociației pe anul 1936
written by Elena Meissner, 1867-1940, in Constantin and Elena Meissner Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder XI35, files 112-124) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (29 March 1937) , 13 page(s)
Title: The General Meeting of the Association for the Year 1936. Description: Manuscript of report of the activity of the Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women (AECPFR) for the year 1936, presented by Elena Meissner, the leader of the organization, at the AECPFR Congress from March...
Sample
written by Elena Meissner, 1867-1940, in Constantin and Elena Meissner Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder XI35, files 112-124) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (29 March 1937) , 13 page(s)
Description
Title: The General Meeting of the Association for the Year 1936. Description: Manuscript of report of the activity of the Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women (AECPFR) for the year 1936, presented by Elena Meissner, the leader of the organization, at the AECPFR Congress from March 29, 1937. The document is important in that it gives a better idea on the structure of the organization after almost 20 years of activ...
Title: The General Meeting of the Association for the Year 1936. Description: Manuscript of report of the activity of the Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women (AECPFR) for the year 1936, presented by Elena Meissner, the leader of the organization, at the AECPFR Congress from March 29, 1937. The document is important in that it gives a better idea on the structure of the organization after almost 20 years of activity. Also, it does testify once again the integralist approach of these feminists towards the achievement of full civil and political rights for women although the hostile political environment did not bear the promise of the achievement of these rights any sooner. The report contains also information on the issues discussed at the meetings of the organization – the document provides short accounts of the main speeches held at the meetings of the organization. Keywords: Feminism, politics, women’s emancipation, political rights, civil rights, structure, Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
29 March 1937, 1937
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Elena Meissner, 1867-1940
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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‘Conseil National des Femmes Roumaines. Section de la législation,’ _Bulletin du Conseil National des Femmes Roumaines_
written by Ella Negruzzi, 1876-1949, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 160, file 2) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1930) , 2 page(s)
Title: ‘The National Council of Romanian Women. The Law Committee’, in the Bulletin of the National Council of Romanian Women. Description: Report published by the Law Committee of National Council of Romanian Women (CNFR, national organization of the Romanian women’s movement, affiliated with the Internati...
Sample
written by Ella Negruzzi, 1876-1949, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 160, file 2) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1930) , 2 page(s)
Description
Title: ‘The National Council of Romanian Women. The Law Committee’, in the Bulletin of the National Council of Romanian Women. Description: Report published by the Law Committee of National Council of Romanian Women (CNFR, national organization of the Romanian women’s movement, affiliated with the International Council of Women (ICW)) on its activity up to 1930 dedicated to changing women’s legal status in the Civil Code. It gives an acc...
Title: ‘The National Council of Romanian Women. The Law Committee’, in the Bulletin of the National Council of Romanian Women. Description: Report published by the Law Committee of National Council of Romanian Women (CNFR, national organization of the Romanian women’s movement, affiliated with the International Council of Women (ICW)) on its activity up to 1930 dedicated to changing women’s legal status in the Civil Code. It gives an account of the suggestions made by CNFR for the modification of women’s civil status to the legislative council of the Romanian parliament. Keywords: National council, civil rights, Civil Code
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1930
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Ella Negruzzi, 1876-1949
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Cuvântare ținută la Constanța în ziua de 14 mai a.c.
written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 183, files 112-131) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1933) , 20 page(s)
Title: Speech Held at Constanța on May 14 This Year. Description: Alexandrina Cantacuzino’s speech at a Romanian Women’s Association meeting held on May 14 [?1933] in which the leader of the organization exposed her ideas on a “new politics” of women that would be more efficient than other feminist strate...
Sample
written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 183, files 112-131) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1933) , 20 page(s)
Description
Title: Speech Held at Constanța on May 14 This Year. Description: Alexandrina Cantacuzino’s speech at a Romanian Women’s Association meeting held on May 14 [?1933] in which the leader of the organization exposed her ideas on a “new politics” of women that would be more efficient than other feminist strategies in the achievement of women’s emancipation. This “new politics” of women, characterized by a refusal to enter political part...
Title: Speech Held at Constanța on May 14 This Year. Description: Alexandrina Cantacuzino’s speech at a Romanian Women’s Association meeting held on May 14 [?1933] in which the leader of the organization exposed her ideas on a “new politics” of women that would be more efficient than other feminist strategies in the achievement of women’s emancipation. This “new politics” of women, characterized by a refusal to enter political parties’ structures, political non-partisanship, female solidarity and sacrifice for the public service, was to emerge in opposition to men’s politics, harshly criticized for going against the public interest and cultivating a destructive competition. The argumentation for women’s rights was based on ideas of women’s superior morality, altruism and dedication to the public good, strengthened by a rhetoric that promoted the image of a Romanian society caught in deep moral, economic, political and institutional crises. Keywords: Alexandrina Cantacuzino, political rights, politics, Romanian Women’s Association
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1933
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Cuvântarea d-nei Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino la adunarea generală a Consiliului Național al Femeilor Române, București, 13 Decembrie 1936
written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 222, files 1-17) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1933) , 17 page(s)
Title: The Speech of Mrs. Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino at the General Meeting of the National Council of Romanian Women, Bucharest, December 13, 1936. Description: Speech of Alexandrina Cantacuzino, leader of the National Council of Romanian Women, at the 1936 general meeting of the organization. At that time, the...
Sample
written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 222, files 1-17) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1933) , 17 page(s)
Description
Title: The Speech of Mrs. Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino at the General Meeting of the National Council of Romanian Women, Bucharest, December 13, 1936. Description: Speech of Alexandrina Cantacuzino, leader of the National Council of Romanian Women, at the 1936 general meeting of the organization. At that time, the aim of the suffragist campaign was to obtain full political rights for women, after the achievement of local political rights for cert...
Title: The Speech of Mrs. Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino at the General Meeting of the National Council of Romanian Women, Bucharest, December 13, 1936. Description: Speech of Alexandrina Cantacuzino, leader of the National Council of Romanian Women, at the 1936 general meeting of the organization. At that time, the aim of the suffragist campaign was to obtain full political rights for women, after the achievement of local political rights for certain categories of women in 1929. But in this speech, Cantacuzino declared that she was informed “by an important politician” that women had no chances to obtain full political rights. They could be offered only the right to vote for the Parliament. The speech offers also details, among others, about Cantacuzino’s participation to the 1936 Dubrovnik Congress of the International Council of Women (ICW) and mentions her trip, as a member of ICW’s executive board, to Calcutta where she attended the Indian National Council of Women’s conference of the same year. Keywords: National Council of Romanian Women, Alexandrina Cantacuzino, suffrage, politics, internationalism, women’s rights, ICW
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1933
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Interview with Princess Cantacuzene
in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 144, vol.1, files 50-52) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1931) , 3 page(s)
Description: Manuscript of an interview with Princess Cantacuzino, probably from 1931, during which she provides arguments for her support for Nicolaie Iorga‘s government. The government was formed with the intention to be a government of “national union” that would not represent the interests of political p...
Sample
in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 144, vol.1, files 50-52) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1931) , 3 page(s)
Description
Description: Manuscript of an interview with Princess Cantacuzino, probably from 1931, during which she provides arguments for her support for Nicolaie Iorga‘s government. The government was formed with the intention to be a government of “national union” that would not represent the interests of political parties but would cultivate political unity in working for the national interests. In the 1931 local elections, the Romanian Women’s A...
Description: Manuscript of an interview with Princess Cantacuzino, probably from 1931, during which she provides arguments for her support for Nicolaie Iorga‘s government. The government was formed with the intention to be a government of “national union” that would not represent the interests of political parties but would cultivate political unity in working for the national interests. In the 1931 local elections, the Romanian Women’s Association, under Cantacuzino’s leadership, although based its demands for local suffrage on political non-partisanship, began to support more openly Nicolaie Iorga’s party forming the government. This support came not only from political calculation but also from Alexandrina Cantacuzino’s affinity to the cultural nationalism promoted by Nicolaie Iorga, dating from an earlier period, and from her conviction that this government represented an alternative to “politicianism”. The document is a testimony, among many others, of the ways in which feminism was intertwined with nationalism in the ideology promoted by the “nationalist reformist” camp of the women’s movement formed in the 1920s under the influence of Alexandrina Cantacuzino. Keywords: Alexandrina, Cantacuzino, feminism, nationalism, nation, Iorga, politics
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1931
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Interview
Person Discussed
Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Renunț de a candida la primele alegeri comunale din 1930
written by Elena Meissner, 1867-1940, in Constantin and Elena Meissner Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder XI27 vol. 1, file 218) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1930) , 2 page(s)
Title: I Renounce to Candidate at the First Local Elections Held in 1930. Description: Document containing Elena Meissner’s public explanation on why she refused to candidate for a local councilor/mayor position during the 1930 local elections. Elena Meissner was the leader of the Association for the Civil and P...
Sample
written by Elena Meissner, 1867-1940, in Constantin and Elena Meissner Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder XI27 vol. 1, file 218) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1930) , 2 page(s)
Description
Title: I Renounce to Candidate at the First Local Elections Held in 1930. Description: Document containing Elena Meissner’s public explanation on why she refused to candidate for a local councilor/mayor position during the 1930 local elections. Elena Meissner was the leader of the Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women (AECPFR), one of the most important feminist organizations of the time. In the 1930s, when wome...
Title: I Renounce to Candidate at the First Local Elections Held in 1930. Description: Document containing Elena Meissner’s public explanation on why she refused to candidate for a local councilor/mayor position during the 1930 local elections. Elena Meissner was the leader of the Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women (AECPFR), one of the most important feminist organizations of the time. In the 1930s, when women obtained the right to vote and be elected in municipal councils, the composition and organization of AECPFR was threatened more than ever by intra-organizational conflicts on the issue of women’s involvement with politics. These conflicts were fueled by the contradiction between the politically non-partisan position embraced by Elena Meissner and other important members of AECPFR and the decision of other members of AECPFR to join political parties. As seen in this document, for Meissner the issue of women’s involvement in politics was not necessarily a question of accepting or forbidding women’s actual enrolment in political parties. It was a question of finding the best feminist strategy to obtain full civil and political rights and in her opinion only a united feminist movement, and not women’s enrolment in parties, would lead to the achievement of these rights. Also, despite her deep distrust of the type of politics practiced by Romanian political parties, she remained faithful to her belief in preserving women’s freedom to make political choices. Keywords: Feminism, political rights, elections, political party, Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1930
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Essay
Author / Creator
Elena Meissner, 1867-1940
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Răspuns Doamnei Pia Alimănișteanu
written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 144, vol.1, files 86-97) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1931) , 12 page(s)
Title: Answer to Mrs. Pia Alimănișteanu. Description: Manuscript without date, probably from 1931, of a public letter written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino as response to the criticism brought to her by Pia Alimănișteanu. Pia Alimănișteanu was a feminist, member of the Association for the Civil and Political Em...
Sample
written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944, in Cantacuzino Family Collection, of Romania. National Archives (folder 144, vol.1, files 86-97) (Bucharest, Bucharest County) (1931) , 12 page(s)
Description
Title: Answer to Mrs. Pia Alimănișteanu. Description: Manuscript without date, probably from 1931, of a public letter written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino as response to the criticism brought to her by Pia Alimănișteanu. Pia Alimănișteanu was a feminist, member of the Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women and of the National Liberal Party. In 1931, she publicly criticized Alexandrina Cantacuzino for exhibiting...
Title: Answer to Mrs. Pia Alimănișteanu. Description: Manuscript without date, probably from 1931, of a public letter written by Alexandrina Cantacuzino as response to the criticism brought to her by Pia Alimănișteanu. Pia Alimănișteanu was a feminist, member of the Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women and of the National Liberal Party. In 1931, she publicly criticized Alexandrina Cantacuzino for exhibiting a politically neutral attitude while supporting political parties and for her commitment to “a feminism that did not bring any results”. In her answer to this criticism, Cantacuzino passionately defended her political stand in supporting women’s emancipation: “We have never ceased to wage our fight on these bases and, at the same time, to ask for civil and political rights for women. We do not want to get involved in the whirlpool of passions that transformed politics into a profitable profession instead of missionary work, and whose members [politicians] are predominantly against women’s rights.” Keywords: Alexandrina, Cantacuzino, feminism, nationalism, politics, suffrage, women’s emancipation
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1931
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944
Person Discussed
Alexandrina Cantacuzino, 1876-1944
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Social and Cultural Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Zoe Arion to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Bucharest, October 1905
written by Zoe Arion, fl. 1905 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-5) (October 1905) , 11 page(s)
TITLE: Zoe Arion to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Bucharest, October 1905. DESCRIPTION: Letter sent by Zoe Arion from Bucharest (in the Romanian Kingdom) to Emilia Rațiu (in Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt, Kingdom of Hungary at the time). Zoe Arion was the daughter of Romanian Army General and diplomat Eracle Arion, likely s...
Sample
written by Zoe Arion, fl. 1905 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-5) (October 1905) , 11 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Zoe Arion to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Bucharest, October 1905. DESCRIPTION: Letter sent by Zoe Arion from Bucharest (in the Romanian Kingdom) to Emilia Rațiu (in Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt, Kingdom of Hungary at the time). Zoe Arion was the daughter of Romanian Army General and diplomat Eracle Arion, likely some twenty years youger than her correspondent. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequ...
TITLE: Zoe Arion to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Bucharest, October 1905. DESCRIPTION: Letter sent by Zoe Arion from Bucharest (in the Romanian Kingdom) to Emilia Rațiu (in Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt, Kingdom of Hungary at the time). Zoe Arion was the daughter of Romanian Army General and diplomat Eracle Arion, likely some twenty years youger than her correspondent. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. ¶ This letter expresses the opinion that, despite the Emperor’s many faults, the monarch had begun to see the mistakes of the Hungarians. Arion articulates that Romanians had always been in favor of the dynasty (‘dynastic’) but that it was an inappropriate moment for Transylvanian politicians to become Kossuthists. If there were any need to join a party, socialists, with their platform of universal suffrage, might be more appealing. In 1905, when this letter was written, the Romanian National Party (RNP) in Transylvania had ceased its boycott of Hungarian parliamentary institutions and was pushing from within the Parliament for universal suffrage within the Kingdom of Hungary. (Of note, the RNP had debated whether to formally endorse women’s suffrage at its January 1905 congress, finally deciding against the issue with some members expressing support for the cause.) The RNP was probably debating at the time the alliances it should forge within the Parliament. During 1905, workers, especially in the Austrian half of the Dual Monarchy, mobilized by a popular socialist movement, were demanding suffrage in mass demonstrations and through other forms of participation. Arion’s entreaty towards an alliance with the socialists functioned in this context. The Kosshutism mentioned in the letter as a less appealing alternative to the support of socialists refers to the ideological legacy of 1848 revolutionary Kossuth Lajos (1802-1894), a symbol of the more radical patriotism of the Hungarian Revolution and a hero of Hungarian centralizers. The brief mention of suffrage politics links with how a Member of Hungarian Parliament, Stefan Cicio-Pop, participated in 1913 in the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest and later supported a bill for universal suffrage. However, this letter does not mention women’s suffrage explicitly, and is likely to be implicitly referring to male suffrage without property qualifications when discussing “universal suffrage.” On women’s suffrage and Transylvanian Romanian nationalism, see also Helena Densusianu, “Helena Densusianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 10 March 1870” (Letter, Făgăraș, March 10, 1870), 844/1870, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest; and Eleonora Lemény, “Indreptatire politica femeilor! [Legitimate Women’s Policy!],” Adevarul-Glasul Poporului, December 2, 1918. ¶ This document captures with unusual directness Transylvanian Romanian positioning vis-à-vis the Habsburg dynasty and within the Austro-Hungarian Empire (a stance taken since the 1848-1849 Hungarian Revolution). The letter exemplifies pragmatic politics and organizing, and places a young upper-class educated woman such as Arion in the middle of the “male sphere” of parliamentary political strategizing in both Transylvania and the Romanian Kingdom. For example, it is interesting to note that the presumed aversion towards socialist politics among the Transylvanian Romanian middle class and within the Romanian National Party could be conceived as surmountable, in the context of the struggle for universal suffrage. Finally, the topics and rhetorical features of this letter offer a counterweight to the maternalist, “women’s sphere,” and the highly affective style encountered in other politically active women’s public rhetoric. Compare this with Maria Baiulescu, “Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de Femei din Ungaria, tinut la Brasov in zilele de 3-5 Iunie 1913 [Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women’s Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913]” (Speech, Brașov, June 1913), MS 1954, f. 36, “George Baritiu” County Library Special Collections, “George Baritiu” County Library Special Collections. The Arion letter contributes to a more complex image of the reasons and tactics of nationalist mobilization among women involved in the Transylvanian Romanian national cause and underscores the gap that existed between private discourse and public rhetoric among politicized women. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Hungarian Parliament; Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Habsburg Empire; Kossuth Lajos/ Louis Kossuth.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
October 1905, 1905
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Zoe Arion, fl. 1905
Person Discussed
Lajos Kossuth, 1802-1894
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Political Leadership, Socialism, Suffrage, Romanians, Hungarians
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