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Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1913-1914
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1914), 30 page(s)
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the Years 1913-1914. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1913-1914 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, el...
Sample
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1914), 30 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the Years 1913-1914. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1913-1914 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It reorganized th...
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the Years 1913-1914. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1913-1914 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It reorganized this school in 1911, by dividing it into sections for training in industrial and housekeeping work but closed it in 1914. For more on the school, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). After the beginning of the Great War, the Sibiu Reunion volunteered to care for the Austro-Hungarian Army’s wounded by creating a “reserve hospital” in the training school’s building. In 1919, Queen Marie of Romania (1875-1938) became patron of the Reunion’s reopened School for Housekeeping and Industry. In the years that followed, the Sibiu Reunion was a significant participant in the federative Union of Romanian Women, initiated by Maria Baiulescu. ¶ The Yearbook offers information on the activities of the Sibiu Reunion of Romanian Women between 1913 and 1914. The administrative documents reproduced in the yearbook include the presidential address by Maria Cosma, meeting minutes, budgets, annual organizational report, the household section report, the industrial section report, an accounting report, a membership report, and proposals before the committee. A balance sheet and a budget sheet are included in table form, and the membership list is printed last. This yearbook shows how the Reunion wanted to promote women’s and national progress simultaneously, by linking young Romanian women’s improved career opportunities to the furthering of the national cause. The Reunion recognized and developed practices around certain class issues as well. This yearbook contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of Transylvanian Romanian women’s associations in the years right before, during and immediately after the Great War. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Education in National Languages; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; The Home Economics Movement; Work and Class Identity; Habsburg Empire; Home industry; Funds and donations; Municipal activism; People’s Kitchens; Princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Marie of Romania
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu
Date Published / Released
1914
Publisher
Editura Reuniunii
Person Discussed
Marie, of Romania, 1875-1938
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Women as “Proletariat”, Ro...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Women as “Proletariat”, Romanians
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Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in...
Sample
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of R...
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” which focused on women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Baritiu" County Library Brasov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. The Union of Romanian Women reunited approximatively half of the 60 independent Romanian women’s “Reunions” that had appeared in Transylvania since the 1850s. ¶ The speech laid out the purpose of a Union with “centralized power” to direct the activities of the adhering women’s Reunions in Hungary. The document also argued that the Union would direct the activities of women’s Reunions that would form in the future. The goals of the Union outlined by Baiulescu were promoting girls’ education, preserving peasant women’s handicraft traditions, raising “hardworking and thrifty wives and mothers,” promoting charitability among women, and creating a unified orphanage. Finally, according to Baiulescu, “through her disinterested social work woman is becoming an important factor even in states’ lives as only she is capable to resolve somewhat the humanitarian problem.” At first sight, the speech reaffirms and unifies the existing areas of activity of the Union’s members and places them within the politically uncontroversial frame of “republican motherhood.” However, concerning the context of this speech, the Romanian Women’s Union founding congress was scheduled to coincide with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest (3-5 June 1913). Whereas Saxon and Hungarian women’s associations in Transylvania were visible participants at the IWSA Congress, the newly-formed Union abstained from organized participation. The abstention was due to a “silenced or veiled” (but, nevertheless, present) suffrage politics pursued by the Transylvanian Romanian women’s movement in Hungary, one that may have been carried aut through the Romanian National Party’s advocating universal suffrage in the Hungarian Parliament, largely because of governemntal restrictions against minorities associational life in the Kingdom of Hungary ¶ This document points to the existence of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary and the tendencies towards centralization of disparate women’s associations, occurring by the 1910s. Secondly, Baiulescu’s speech reveals the rhetoric that masked the transnational connections and internationally convergent politics some politically-minded Transylvanian Romanian women, although, perhaps, not Maria Baiulescu herself, were pursuing at the time. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labor; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA).
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Su...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Romanians
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Néhány szó a' nonevelésrol
written by Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Életképek [Genre Paintings], Vol. 4 no. 20, November 15, 1845, pp. 613–618 (1845), 6 page(s)
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 3. DESCRIPTION: The third instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs subscribes to the majority view amo...
Sample
written by Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Életképek [Genre Paintings], Vol. 4 no. 20, November 15, 1845, pp. 613–618 (1845), 6 page(s)
Description
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 3. DESCRIPTION: The third instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs subscribes to the majority view among scholars in arguing that girls need a different education from boys. According to her, the teaching of girls has to be limited to si...
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 3. DESCRIPTION: The third instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs subscribes to the majority view among scholars in arguing that girls need a different education from boys. According to her, the teaching of girls has to be limited to six or eight years and is ideally centred upon a human and a citizen’s duties and geography as its two major subjects. The entire teaching process should take place exclusively in Hungarian, and it is also important not to implant a false image of men as dangerous seducers in young girls’ minds, as female educators often do. For a detailed biography of Karacs, see Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006). KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Education; Education in National Languages; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Gendered Education; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892
Date Published / Released
15 November 1845, 1845
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Work and Class Identity, Gendered Education, Equal Rights for Women, Class Discrimination, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Indigenous Languages, Empire and Education, Hungarians
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Néhány szó a' nonevelésrol
written by Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Életképek [Genre Paintings], Vol. 4 no. 19, November 8, 1845, pp. 581–586 (1845), 6 page(s)
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 2. DESCRIPTION: The second instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs condemns existing girls’ institu...
Sample
written by Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Életképek [Genre Paintings], Vol. 4 no. 19, November 8, 1845, pp. 581–586 (1845), 6 page(s)
Description
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 2. DESCRIPTION: The second instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs condemns existing girls’ institutions for focusing on foreign languages, dance, playing the piano and embroidery, skills that women do not actually need in their futur...
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 2. DESCRIPTION: The second instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs condemns existing girls’ institutions for focusing on foreign languages, dance, playing the piano and embroidery, skills that women do not actually need in their future lives and which may even encumber their social relations with men. In addition, they instill class prejudice and arrogance in their students and do not teach them to be thrifty. What is needed instead is an education that does not prepare girls to find a good match, but rather to become virtuous wives and caring mothers. For a detailed biography of Karacs, see Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006). KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Education; Education in National Languages; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Gendered Education; Women and Class Identity; Class Discrimination; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892
Date Published / Released
08 November 1845, 1845
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Work and Class Identity, Gendered Education, Equal Rights for Women, Class Discrimination, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Indigenous Languages, Empire and Education, Hungarians
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Néhány szó a' nonevelésrol
written by Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Életképek [Genre Paintings], Vol. 4 no. 21, November 22, 1845, pp. 645–648 (1845), 4 page(s)
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 4. DESCRIPTION: The fourth and closing instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs reiterates that women...
Sample
written by Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Életképek [Genre Paintings], Vol. 4 no. 21, November 22, 1845, pp. 645–648 (1845), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 4. DESCRIPTION: The fourth and closing instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs reiterates that women of genteel and commoner birth need the same abilities in life and offers a schematic vision of the future organization of girls’ scho...
TITLE: A Few Words on Women's Education, Part 4. DESCRIPTION: The fourth and closing instalment of an opinion piece in four parts of the same title by Teréz Karacs (1808-1892), Éva Takáts’s daughter, from year 1845 of the literary and social review Életképek (Scenes from Life). Karacs reiterates that women of genteel and commoner birth need the same abilities in life and offers a schematic vision of the future organization of girls’ schools. She envisions these as municipal institutions employing female teaching staff only. For a detailed biography of Karacs, see Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006). KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Education; Education in National Languages; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Gendered Education; Women and Class Identity; Class Discrimination; Women as Teachers; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Teréz Karacs, 1808-1892
Date Published / Released
22 November 1845, 1845
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Work and Class Identity, Gendered Education, Equal Rights for Women, Class Discrimination, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Indigenous Languages, Empire and Education, Women as Teachers, Hungarians
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O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama
written by Savka Subotić, 1834-1914, in O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama [On our national textiles and handicrafts], by Savka Subotić. (Novi Sad, 1904). pp. 79-95 (1904), 17 page(s)
TITLE: Part IV: On the Exhibition in Paris, in _On our National Textiles and Handicrafts_. DESCRIPTION: This document consists of selected parts of Savka Subotić’s booklet, On our National Textiles and Handicrafts (O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama), published in 1904 in Novi Sad (Újvidék). Savka Su...
Sample
written by Savka Subotić, 1834-1914, in O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama [On our national textiles and handicrafts], by Savka Subotić. (Novi Sad, 1904). pp. 79-95 (1904), 17 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Part IV: On the Exhibition in Paris, in _On our National Textiles and Handicrafts_. DESCRIPTION: This document consists of selected parts of Savka Subotić’s booklet, On our National Textiles and Handicrafts (O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama), published in 1904 in Novi Sad (Újvidék). Savka Subotić in the booklet narrates the history of her work and endeavors in promoting the female handicraft industry. Over the course of mo...
TITLE: Part IV: On the Exhibition in Paris, in _On our National Textiles and Handicrafts_. DESCRIPTION: This document consists of selected parts of Savka Subotić’s booklet, On our National Textiles and Handicrafts (O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama), published in 1904 in Novi Sad (Újvidék). Savka Subotić in the booklet narrates the history of her work and endeavors in promoting the female handicraft industry. Over the course of more than forty years, she was active in modernizing and promoting Serbian peasant women’s handicraft. Savka Subotić was active in the women's movement in the Vojvodina and also in Serbia and internationally. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. Subotić was educated in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Timișoara (Temesvár, Temeswar) and Vienna. Her main focus was the education of girls, especially Serbian girls; Subotić initiated the establishment of the first Serbian language high schools for girls, established in Novi Sad, Vojvodina and Pančevo (Pancsova), military frontier/Vojvodina in 1874 and in Sombor (Zombor), Vojvodina in 1875. See also, Milica Tomić, “Naše više devojačke škole [Our high schools for girls],” Žena, January 6, 1911; and “Srpska Viša Devojačka Škola u Novom Sadu [The Serbian High School for Girls in Novi Sad],” Ženski svet, August 1913. In addition, Subotić was active in educating Serbian women in the countryside, and created a program of economic development for women who lived in the villages by popularizing and building the handicraft industry of the time. In 1867, Subotić established a women’s organization in Novi Sad (Ujvidék), the Vojvodina, which in documents generated by the Serbian-speaking women’s movement in the Vojvodina is regularly described as the first women’s cooperative in Novi Sad. See “Savka Subotićka. 1834-1904. [Savka Subotić: 1834-1904],” Ženski svet, January 10, 1904. Subotić was a respected member of the Serbian community, but also well known in Austria-Hungary and the international women’s movement. ¶ This document includes Part IV of Subotić’s booklet: Part IV: About the exhibition in Paris (79-95). In Part IV, Subotić talks about the correspondence concerning the Exposition Universelle held in Paris in 1900. She also discusses the connections with the Serbs from Belgrade, and her travels to Niš and Pirot, Serbia, since Serbia was also planning to present on the Paris exhibition. She describes the differences between the national embroidery of Serbian women in the Vojvodina and the produce made by women from Serbia. Subotić argues that the Serbian “intelligentsia” must not try to imitate the common people and should not continue attempting to come up with the new patterns for new embroidery. On the contrary, the task of the “intelligentsia” is to find ways to help “the people (narodu)” to develop their acknowledged ability. She compares these attempts with writers who in their novels mimic the speech of the peasants. She ends the text with a comment on the Serbian peasant women, arguing that amongst all Serbian women only peasant women earn money for their families. She adds that apart from the regular house and family duties, these women also work with men in the fields, a fact that she presents as “emancipation.” In fact, she claims, Serbian women contribute more to their households than their husbands, and their handicraft is the proof of their intelligence. For Parts I and II, see Savka Subotić, “Part I and Part II [Part I: First Attempts of My Work in the Field of our National Domestic Industry, and Part II: On the Exhibitions in Pest and in Novi Sad],” in O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama [On our national textiles and handicrafts] (Novi Sad, 1904), 1–55 (55pp.). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Empire and Internationalism; Empire Silenced; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Women as Teachers; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Work and Class Identity; Work and Class Identity; Work and Class Identity; Handicraft; Embroidery; Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health; Primary Health Care; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Hungary; Pest; Budapest; Paris
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Author / Creator
Savka Subotić, 1834-1914
Date Published / Released
1904
Person Discussed
Savka Subotić, 1834-1914
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Economic Development, Household Crafts, Rights to Work, National Identity, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Gendered Educa...
Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Economic Development, Household Crafts, Rights to Work, National Identity, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Gendered Education, Women as Teachers, Primary Health Care, Women as “Proletariat”, Opposition to Imperialism, Empire and Internationalism, Indigenous Languages, Serbians
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O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama
written by Savka Subotić, 1834-1914, in O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama [On our national textiles and handicrafts], by Savka Subotić. (Novi Sad, 1904). pp. 1-55 (1904), 55 page(s)
TITLE: Part I: First Attempts of My Work in the Field of our National Domestic Industry, and Part II: On the Exhibitions in Pest and in Novi Sad, in _ On Our National Textiles and Handicrafts_ DESCRIPTION: This document consists of selected parts of Savka Subotić’s booklet, On our National Textiles and Handicra...
Sample
written by Savka Subotić, 1834-1914, in O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama [On our national textiles and handicrafts], by Savka Subotić. (Novi Sad, 1904). pp. 1-55 (1904), 55 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Part I: First Attempts of My Work in the Field of our National Domestic Industry, and Part II: On the Exhibitions in Pest and in Novi Sad, in _ On Our National Textiles and Handicrafts_ DESCRIPTION: This document consists of selected parts of Savka Subotić’s booklet, On our National Textiles and Handicrafts (O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama), published in 1904 in Novi Sad (Újvidék). Savka Subotić in the booklet narrates th...
TITLE: Part I: First Attempts of My Work in the Field of our National Domestic Industry, and Part II: On the Exhibitions in Pest and in Novi Sad, in _ On Our National Textiles and Handicrafts_ DESCRIPTION: This document consists of selected parts of Savka Subotić’s booklet, On our National Textiles and Handicrafts (O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama), published in 1904 in Novi Sad (Újvidék). Savka Subotić in the booklet narrates the history of her work and endeavors in promoting the female handicraft industry. Over the course of more than forty years, she was active in modernizing and promoting Serbian peasant women’s handicraft. Savka Subotić was active in the women's movement in the Vojvodina and also in Serbia and internationally. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. Subotić was educated in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Timișoara (Temesvár, Temeswar) and Vienna. Her main focus was the education of girls, especially Serbian girls; Subotić initiated the establishment of the first Serbian language high schools for girls, established in Novi Sad, Vojvodina and Pančevo (Pancsova), military frontier/Vojvodina in 1874 and in Sombor (Zombor), Vojvodina in 1875. See also, Milica Tomić, “Naše više devojačke škole [Our high schools for girls],” Žena, January 6, 1911; and “Srpska Viša Devojačka Škola u Novom Sadu [The Serbian High School for Girls in Novi Sad],” Ženski svet, August 1913. In addition, Subotić was active in educating Serbian women in the countryside, and created a program of economic development for women who lived in the villages by popularizing and building the handicraft industry of the time. In 1867, Subotić established a women’s organization in Novi Sad (Ujvidék), the Vojvodina, which in documents generated by the Serbian-speaking women’s movement in the Vojvodina is regularly described as the first women’s cooperative in Novi Sad. See “Savka Subotićka. 1834-1904. [Savka Subotić: 1834-1904],” Ženski svet, January 10, 1904. Subotić was a respected member of the Serbian community, but also well known in Austria-Hungary and the international women’s movement. ¶ This document includes the first two parts of Subotić’s booklet: Part I: My First Attempts in the Work in the Field of our National Domestic Industry (pp. 3-14), Part II: About the exhibitions in Novi Sad and Pest (pp. 15-55). In Part I, Subotić talks about the time when in 1853 she first came to the idea to put a traditional national carpet in the guest room of her and her husband’s new home in Novi Sad. At the time, Serbian higher-class families considered the handicraft of rural women suitable only for the use in village houses. Yet, her husband compared the peasant women’s handicraft to the Serbian national poetry, calling it “the poetry of women’s hands.” They were both amazed of how beautiful the handicraft products looked in their room. In 1861, on the occasion of a celebration of the centenary of the birth of Sava Tekelija (Szava Thököly, 1761-1842), for the first time she wore a dress made of the canvas handmade by Serbian rural women. Her idea then was to modernize the traditional handicraft, by using the handmade canvas to make modern-looking dresses. The aim was to make Serbian women’s handicraft compatible to the “world market.” As the years passed, Subotić noticed that the situation was changing and that rural women would be less and less reluctant to the idea of selling their products. Part II is mainly about the many-years of preparations for the display of the handmade carpets and canvas at the exhibitions finally held in Novi Sad (Újvidék) in 1884 and in Budapest in 1885. Subotić also describes how she talked to rural women in different places and educated them to make their embroidery more modern, and how she tried to enlighten them with regard to issues of health, mentioning also the difficulties of approaching the women and gaining their trust. Her main argument was that because of the dissolution of the cooperative (zadruga, commune, the traditional structure of the family in the Balkans) and the rising competition on the market, the people in “our areas,” meaning Serbs and Croats, have suffered from gradual impoverishment. For this reason, she would argue that it was exactly the embroidery that could improve the livelihood of the peasants, as almost all women in the area can easily do this kind of work. She saw the specific value of the Serbian women’s handwork in the fact that each work was unique, as no women would entirely copy the patterns, but would always add something new. She mentions that at the exhibition in Budapest– generally labeled the “national” or “country-wide (országos)” general exhibition in Budapest in the year 1885 – all inscriptions were written in the Hungarian language, even though she had asked over and over again that the information should also be written in Serbian language, as the exhibits with which she was concerned were handmade by Serbian rural women. When she asked the Hungarian minister of agriculture, economy and trade (Pál Széchenyi 1838-1901) to support the development of the Serbian handicraft industry, he had claimed that there is only one industry, the Hungarian one. She openly disagreed to this claim, making the minister angry. “There were other words uttered, that are not for the public,” adds Subotić. Later on, she claims that her name was erased by the minister Széchenyi from the names proposed for the awards by the jury. Additionally, she mentions an expose she had written in German for the jury of the Budapest exhibition (who didn’t come in time to hear her speaking), and explains that the expose was published in Serbian translation in the journal Zastava (‘The Flag’, 1866-1914, 1919-1929) in Novi Sad on 20 September 1985. She repeats that the solution to the problem of the impoverishment of peasants is embroidery. “Hungary is not an industrial country,” she notices, but the poor people “are worse off than factory workers,” adding that if that “evil” (the impoverishment) is not defeated, then “we will get a peasant proletariat, which is much more dangerous than the town proletariat, because it is more contagious” (Subotić’s emphasis). Additionally, when she talks about the women workers who make the embroidery, she mentions mostly Serbian and Croatian women, calling them also “Yugoslav women (Jugoslovenke).” Towards the end of the part II, she describes her frequent travels to Budapest “to finish some work.” The end of this part talks about the exhibition in Novi Sad in 1884. For Part IV, see Savka Subotić, “Part IV [Part IV: On the Exhibition in Paris],” in O našim narodnim tkaninama i rukotvorinama [On our national textiles and handicrafts] (Novi Sad, 1904), 79–95 (17pp.). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Empire and Internationalism; Empire Silenced; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Women as Teachers; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Work and Class Identity; Work and Class Identity; Work and Class Identity; Handicraft; Embroidery; Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health; Primary Health Care; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Hungary; Pest; Budapest; Paris
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Author / Creator
Savka Subotić, 1834-1914
Date Published / Released
1904
Person Discussed
Savka Subotić, 1834-1914
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Economic Development, Household Crafts, Rights to Work, National Identity, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Gendered Educa...
Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Economic Development, Household Crafts, Rights to Work, National Identity, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Gendered Education, Women as Teachers, Women as “Proletariat”, Primary Health Care, Opposition to Imperialism, Empire and Internationalism, Indigenous Languages, Serbians
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Értesíto. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. noi egyesületek lapja. Körlevél. Az Értesíto melléklet, Vol. 3...
written by Ottokár Prohászka, 1858-1927 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]) (October 1914), in Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja. Körlevél. Az Értesítő melléklete [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations. Circular Letter. Supplement of Information], Vol. 3, No. 8, October 1914, p. NA , 2 page(s)
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations. Circular Letter. Supplement of Information] vol. 3, no. 8, October 1914. DESCRIPTION: This letter is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hunga...
Sample
written by Ottokár Prohászka, 1858-1927 (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]) (October 1914), in Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja. Körlevél. Az Értesítő melléklete [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations. Circular Letter. Supplement of Information], Vol. 3, No. 8, October 1914, p. NA , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations. Circular Letter. Supplement of Information] vol. 3, no. 8, October 1914. DESCRIPTION: This letter is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő [Information] was published from 1912 to 1914. All issues available in the Országos...
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations. Circular Letter. Supplement of Information] vol. 3, no. 8, October 1914. DESCRIPTION: This letter is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő [Information] was published from 1912 to 1914. All issues available in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive. The journal was renamed A keresztény nő [The Christian Woman] in 1915 and published until after the end of the Habsburg Monarchy. The Social Mission Society, one of the most active and innovative organizations among the Catholic women’s groups, evolved in the years 1908-1910. Értesítő reported on the activities and the various institutions of the Social Mission Society, and the activities of other Catholic groups. The work of the Catholic organizations and groups focused on educational betterment and rescue (patronázs) work for girls in schools, prisons and other institutions, as well as social welfare work. The Social Mission Society began to engage in systematic training of its members for social work, contributing to the professionalization of social work in Hungary. Értesítő regularly reported on the National Catholic Association for the Protection of Women (Országos Kath. Nővédő Egyesület), and the National Catholic Women’s Association for Betterment and Rescue Work (Országos Kath. Női Patronage-Egyesület). Értesítő also published poems, songs, and edifying literature, as well as more general writings, often by important Catholic authorities, on Catholic social thinking in relation to various social and spiritual agendas. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the Catholic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Social Work; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Catholic Rescue Work for Mostly Lower-Class Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
October 1914, 1914
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Ottokár Prohászka, 1858-1927
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Women and Education, Women as “Proletariat”, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Class Discrimination, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Gendered Education, Access to Higher Education, Hungarians
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Értesíto. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. noi egyesületek lapja, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1912
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations], Vol. 1, No. 1, 1912 (Budapest, Budapest County: Social Mission Society, 1912), 45 page(s)
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations, Vol. 1, No. 1. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő...
Sample
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations], Vol. 1, No. 1, 1912 (Budapest, Budapest County: Social Mission Society, 1912), 45 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations, Vol. 1, No. 1. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő [Information] was published from 1912 to 1914. All issues available in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library...
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations, Vol. 1, No. 1. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő [Information] was published from 1912 to 1914. All issues available in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive. The journal was renamed A keresztény nő [The Christian Woman] in 1915 and published until after the end of the Habsburg Monarchy. The Social Mission Society, one of the most active and innovative organizations among the Catholic women’s groups, evolved in the years 1908-1910. Értesítő reported on the activities and the various institutions of the Social Mission Society, and the activities of other Catholic groups. The work of the Catholic organizations and groups focused on educational betterment and rescue (patronázs) work for girls in schools, prisons and other institutions, as well as social welfare work. The Social Mission Society began to engage in systematic training of its members for social work, contributing to the professionalization of social work in Hungary. Értesítő regularly reported on the National Catholic Association for the Protection of Women (Országos Kath. Nővédő Egyesület), and the National Catholic Women’s Association for Betterment and Rescue Work (Országos Kath. Női Patronage-Egyesület). Értesítő also published poems, songs, and edifying literature, as well as more general writings, often by important Catholic authorities, on Catholic social thinking in relation to various social and spiritual agendas. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the Catholic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Social Work; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Catholic Rescue Work for Mostly Lower-Class Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Margit Ghitay; Matild Kreisel; Benedikta nővér [Sister Benedikta Balázs]; Edith Farkas
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Date Published / Released
1912
Publisher
Social Mission Society
Series
Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations]
Person Discussed
Edit Farkas, 1877-1942, Benedikta Balázs, fl. 1913, Matild Kreisel, fl. 1913, Margit Ghitay, fl. 1913
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Women and Education, Women as “Proletariat”, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Class Discrimination, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Gendered Education, Access to Higher Education, Hungarians
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Értesíto. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. noi egyesületek lapja, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1913
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations], Vol. 2, No. 1, 1913 (Budapest, Budapest County: Social Mission Society, 1913), 38 page(s)
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations, Vol. 3, No. 1. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő...
Sample
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations], Vol. 2, No. 1, 1913 (Budapest, Budapest County: Social Mission Society, 1913), 38 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations, Vol. 3, No. 1. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő [Information] was published from 1912 to 1914. All issues available in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library...
TITLE: Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations, Vol. 3, No. 1. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Értesítő [Information] was published from 1912 to 1914. All issues available in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive. The journal was renamed A keresztény nő [The Christian Woman] in 1915 and published until after the end of the Habsburg Monarchy. The Social Mission Society, one of the most active and innovative organizations among the Catholic women’s groups, evolved in the years 1908-1910. Értesítő reported on the activities and the various institutions of the Social Mission Society, and the activities of other Catholic groups. The work of the Catholic organizations and groups focused on educational betterment and rescue (patronázs) work for girls in schools, prisons and other institutions, as well as social welfare work. The Social Mission Society began to engage in systematic training of its members for social work, contributing to the professionalization of social work in Hungary. Értesítő regularly reported on the National Catholic Association for the Protection of Women (Országos Kath. Nővédő Egyesület), and the National Catholic Women’s Association for Betterment and Rescue Work (Országos Kath. Női Patronage-Egyesület). Értesítő also published poems, songs, and edifying literature, as well as more general writings, often by important Catholic authorities, on Catholic social thinking in relation to various social and spiritual agendas. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the Catholic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Social Work; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Catholic Rescue Work for Mostly Lower-Class Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Margit Ghitay; Edith Farkas; Mrs. Nándor Báthory; Júlia Szőgyény-Marich; Mrs. Dr. István Raskó; Mrs. Sándor Óváry; Mrs. Mária Otresovszky; Mrs. Lajos Kanyó; Mrs. János Dolánszky; Margit nővér [Sister Margit, Margit Slachta (1884–1974)]
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Date Published / Released
1913
Publisher
Social Mission Society
Series
Értesítő. A Szociális Missziótársulat és a vele cooperáló kath. női egyesületek lapja [Information: Journal of the Social Mission Society and the Cooperating Catholic Associations]
Person Discussed
Margit Slachta, 1884-1974, Mrs. János Dolánszky, fl. 1914, Mrs. Lajos Kanyó, fl. 1914, Mária Otresovszky, fl. 1911, Mrs. Sándor Óváry, fl. 1911, Mrs. Dr. István Raskó, fl. 1911, Julia Szőgyény Marich, fl. 1911, Ida Száhlender Károly, fl. 1911, Edit Farkas, 1877-1942, Margit Ghitay, fl. 1913
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Political and Human Rights, Women and Religion, Social Reform and Political Activism, Gendered Education, Access to Higher Education, Women as “Proletariat”, Class Discrimination, Social and Cultural Rights, Religious Leadership and Religious Activism, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Hungarians
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