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A feministák
written by Péter Veres, 1897-1970, in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd, ed. by Péter Veres. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944). pp. 231-243 (1944), 14 page(s)
TITLE: The Feminists, in _Village Chronicle_. DESCRIPTION: In this chapter of his book, Péter Veres (born 1897, Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, died 1970), writer, peasant politician and later on state-socialist politician, gives a document-based account of the history of a group of politically acti...
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written by Péter Veres, 1897-1970, in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd, ed. by Péter Veres. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944). pp. 231-243 (1944), 14 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Feminists, in _Village Chronicle_. DESCRIPTION: In this chapter of his book, Péter Veres (born 1897, Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, died 1970), writer, peasant politician and later on state-socialist politician, gives a document-based account of the history of a group of politically active peasant women under the leadership of Mrs. István Bordás Sára Rokon Tóth. Veres relates that on Ascension Day 1908, the National...
TITLE: The Feminists, in _Village Chronicle_. DESCRIPTION: In this chapter of his book, Péter Veres (born 1897, Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, died 1970), writer, peasant politician and later on state-socialist politician, gives a document-based account of the history of a group of politically active peasant women under the leadership of Mrs. István Bordás Sára Rokon Tóth. Veres relates that on Ascension Day 1908, the National Agriculture Party (Országos Földmívelő Párt), a left-wing peasant party, and the “local women” (helyi asszonyok) invited Róza Schwimmer (1877-1948) to a women’s meeting in Balmazújváros. Róza Schwimmer was a key representative of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), the leading progressive-liberal women’s organization in Hungary at the time. (According to Schwimmer, a women’s organization had been founded in Balmazújváros on April 8, 1908). Upon Christmas 1908, a leaflet was available: the cover page gave the party program, while the reverse side gave Mrs. Bordás’ proclamation, which ponders why nobody asks questions about women’s inclusion when peasant women who do all the hard, agricultural work side by side with men. Veres in his chapter makes sure to repeatedly differentiate between the approach, language, and demands of the “feminists” as opposed to the peasant women, underlining that the latter were engaged with bread and butter issues too. He directly quotes their complaint that the Magyars suffer from high taxes while “the border is full with” Slovakian, Ukrainian, Romanian and Palóc-Hungarian agricultural contract workers. ¶ The women from Balmazújváros attracted international attention. Mrs. István Bordás, Julis (Julia) Bak, Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. András Juhász Ilona Pénzes, Mrs. Bálint Gém and Mrs. József Deli (these are the names Veres gives) traveled to Budapest in 1913 and participated in the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA in the Hungarian capital city and related formal events. In 1917, two women from Balmazújváros, Mrs. Péter Szeifert Julcsa (Júlia) Pokrócz and Mrs. Imre Béke, participated in a suffrage delegation of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), which was received by the Hungarian Prime minister István Tisza. Veres recounts the experiences of the women from Balmazújváros in 1913 and 1917 in colorful detail. ¶ This digital archive includes a set of dated letters from the women of Balmazújváros to the Feminist Association from the beginning in 1908 through 1918, as well as undated letters, which can be assumed to have been written before the end of the Habsburg Monarchy. See, the correspondence with Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. István Bordás, Mrs. István Szabó, Rosika Schwimmer, and the Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association]. Of note, the journal of the Feminist Association, titled A nő és a társadalom [Women and Society], is available full text online elsewhere. It repeatedly reports about the women from Balmazújváros. Parts of Péter Veres’s account directly build on these reports. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Hungarian government; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; World War I; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Association of Peasant Women; Home Industry; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Slovakia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Author / Creator
Péter Veres, 1897-1970
Date Published / Released
1944
Person Discussed
Rosika Schwimmer, 1877-1948, István Bordás Sára Rokon Tóth, fl. 1908
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Development, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Women as “Proletariat”, Household Crafts, Human Rights, Int...
World War I, 1914-1918, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Development, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Women as “Proletariat”, Household Crafts, Human Rights, International Peace, Empire and Feminism, Slovak, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Kérdőív (18 db. kitöltve)
written by National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]) (1917) , 18 page(s)
TITLE: Questionaire (18 items filled in). DESCRIPTION: During World War I, the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága) distributed a questionnaire into which woman workers from different factories filled data about their conditi...
Sample
written by National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]) (1917) , 18 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Questionaire (18 items filled in). DESCRIPTION: During World War I, the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága) distributed a questionnaire into which woman workers from different factories filled data about their condition. Between 1912 and 1916, the National Organizational Committee was the central organizing body of the socialist women’s movement as...
TITLE: Questionaire (18 items filled in). DESCRIPTION: During World War I, the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága) distributed a questionnaire into which woman workers from different factories filled data about their condition. Between 1912 and 1916, the National Organizational Committee was the central organizing body of the socialist women’s movement associated with the Social-democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt, MSZDP). Earlier, the National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary [Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete], est. 1904, had been the key organization. While co-existing with the National Organizational Committee, the Association was marginalized in later years. The 18 women (age 15 to 29) who filled in the questionnaire gave information about the factories in which they worked (electrical, tobacco, armaments), whether they did the night shift (many did, a number of them saying that this depended on the needs of the factory), their weekly salary (15 to 34 Crowns), working time (from 6 to more than 11 hours), length and type of travel to the work place (for some up to two hours), whether they had worked before the war, why they worked, their marital status and the number and age of their children, whether they carried their own household or with whom they stayed, who was looking after their children when they worked, how many individuals they supported with their income (two women supported only themselves, the others up to 8 family members), and what they ate for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The questionnaire was “to be filled in with pencil.” On one item, the year 1917 is given. Nearly all women had close male family members drawn into the Austro-Hungarian army, some said they worked because they couldn’t subsist from the [war time] relief money they received. Two women said that she entrusted her children “to God” or the “good God” while at work. The diet of the women included black coffee or nothing for breakfast and, for instance, “spurious soup,” bread with paprika or “empty vegetables” for lunch, otherwise the diet was restricted to potatoes, cabbage, beans, etc. See also, “Sátoraljaujhely dohánygyár: dolgozik 1300 nő [Sátoraljaújhely: Tobacco Factory in Sátoraljaújhely, In Work 1300 Women]” (Report, Sátoraljaújhely, 1915), 696. f. 68. ő.e., Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]; and “Valamit tenni kell! [Something must be done!]” (Itinerary, Hungary, 1915), 696. f. 68. ő.e., Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]. These three documents, taken together, constitute a small group of records which document how the social democratic women’s movement during World War tried to reach out to and mobilize woman workers. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Joint Military; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; World War I; Social Reform and Political Activism; War Time Relief; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Woman Workers; War Time Living Conditions; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Annuska Roth; Mrs. Gyula Czenne; Mrs. Sandor [Sándor] Halawa; Mrs. István Kálmán; Teréz Toth; Erzsi [Erzsébet] Blazinovits; Mariska [Mária] Busa; Zsuzsi [Zsuzsanna] Szabó; Anna Hain; Mrs. Jakab Stáhl/Stahl; widowed Mrs. Ádám Gonter; Mrs. Ferenc Rozsa [Rózsa]
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1917
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Person Discussed
Mrs. Ferenc Rózsa, fl. 1917, Mrs. Ádám Gonter, fl. 1917, Mrs. Jakab Stáhl, fl. 1917, Anna Hain, fl. 1917, Zsuzsi Szabó, fl. 1917, Mariska Busa, fl. 1917, Erzsi Blazinovits, fl. 1917, Teréz Toth, fl. 1917, Mrs. István Kálmán, fl. 1917, Mrs. Sándor Halawa, fl. 1917, Mrs. Gyula Czenne, fl. 1917, Annuska Roth, fl. 1917
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women as “Proletariat”, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Socialism, Sexual Division of Labor, International Peace, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Mrs. István Szabó to Feministák Egyesülete, Balmazújváros, ca. 1910s
written by István Szabó, 1938- (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (1910) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Mrs. István Szabó to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Balmazújváros, ca. 1910s. DESCRIPTION: The letter belongs to a group of letters, which gives information on a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and the relationshi...
Sample
written by István Szabó, 1938- (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (1910) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Mrs. István Szabó to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Balmazújváros, ca. 1910s. DESCRIPTION: The letter belongs to a group of letters, which gives information on a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and the relationship between them and the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete). See also, Péter Veres, “A feministák [The Feminists],” in...
TITLE: Mrs. István Szabó to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Balmazújváros, ca. 1910s. DESCRIPTION: The letter belongs to a group of letters, which gives information on a group of politically active peasant women from Balmazújváros, today North-Eastern Hungary, and the relationship between them and the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete). See also, Péter Veres, “A feministák [The Feminists],” in Falusi krónika [Village Chronicle], 2nd ed. (Budapest: Magyar Élet kiadása, 1944), 231–243 (14pp.); as well as the correspondence with Ferencz (Ferenc) Pokrócz (Pokróc), Mrs. Gábor Magyar, Mrs. István Bordás, Mrs. István Szabó, Rosika Schwimmer, and the Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association]. The dating of the letter is only partially visible. It was written on day 30 of any month between March and August, in an unknown year. The letter in all likelihood was written after June 1910, since Vilmos Mezőfi, the moderate agrarian-socialist social democratic politician (Social Democratic 48-Party [48-as Szociáldemokrata Párt]), to whom the letter refers, lost his mandate in the parliamentary elections held at that time. The women of Balmazújváros had traveled several times to the town of of Hajdúszoboszló some twenty kilometers away, where Mezőfi was campaigning. However, the women there, and even the “woman sisters [in Hungarian, rather than sister the gender-neutral term testvér is used; there is no gendered variant for testvér, and thus the term “woman” is added] have not even heard that the women should also organize. And we discussed that they should also organize. Because they belong into society in the same way as men do. Still, there are propertied women [in] Hajdúszoboszló who need the vote.” The women of Balmazújváros were pleased to see that Róza Schwimmer has made an appearance in Hajdúszoboszló. The women of Balmazújváros plead that the women of the Feminist Association shall not forget about them. They also want to see a people’s assembly organized in August or September. They had supported Mezőfi’s candidacy, but bribary had decided the outcome of the election. KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Work and Class Identity; Gender and Class; Peasant Women of Balmazújváros; Peasant Women’s Activism; Rosika Schwimmer; Habsburg Empire; Hungary.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1910
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Recipient Organization
Feminist Association, Hungary
Author / Creator
István Szabó, 1938-
Person Discussed
Rosika Schwimmer, 1877-1948
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Political and Human Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Women as “Proletariat”, Suffrage, Social and Cultural Rights, Non-aligned Social Movements, Hungarians
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Másolat. Friss Ujság. Budapest. 1903. május 25. Munkásnők sztrájkja
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives], 940. f. 16. ő.e.) (25 May 1903) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: Copy: Fresh News, Budapest, 25 May 1903, Strike of Woman Workers. DESCRIPTION: The typescript-copy of the article published in Friss Ujság [Fresh News] in 1903 is kept in the papers of Mariska Gárdos (Mária Gárdos, Mrs. György Pintér, 1884 or 1885-1973), Institute of Political History, Archives (Polit...
Sample
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives], 940. f. 16. ő.e.) (25 May 1903) , 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Copy: Fresh News, Budapest, 25 May 1903, Strike of Woman Workers. DESCRIPTION: The typescript-copy of the article published in Friss Ujság [Fresh News] in 1903 is kept in the papers of Mariska Gárdos (Mária Gárdos, Mrs. György Pintér, 1884 or 1885-1973), Institute of Political History, Archives (Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára), Budapest, Hungary. Gárdos was a key representative of the social democratic women’s movement i...
TITLE: Copy: Fresh News, Budapest, 25 May 1903, Strike of Woman Workers. DESCRIPTION: The typescript-copy of the article published in Friss Ujság [Fresh News] in 1903 is kept in the papers of Mariska Gárdos (Mária Gárdos, Mrs. György Pintér, 1884 or 1885-1973), Institute of Political History, Archives (Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára), Budapest, Hungary. Gárdos was a key representative of the social democratic women’s movement in Hungary under the Habsburg Monarchy. The article reports about the gathering of striking woman workers of the burlap factory in Újpest, today Budapest. Gardos was one of the speakers at the meeting, which was chaired by a man. The article summarizes at length the “ardent” speech in which Gárdos spoke about the burdensome labor conditions and low wages of the workers, contrasting their youth to the youth of the “capitalists’ daughters” who at the age of 18 begin their “happy life,” while the girls who had begun to work in their early youth already suffer from tuberculosis at this age. Gárdos calls the woman workers to persevere until their demands will be fulfilled, asking them to sing the Marseillaise in conclusion. See also, Mária [Mariska] Gárdos, “Erster Frauentag - vor Fünfzig Jahren in _Neue Zeitung_ IV, Nummer 10 [First Women’s Day – Fifty Years Ago in _New Newspaper_ IV, no. 10]” (Newspaper article, Budapest, March 4, 1960), 940. f. 24. ő.e., Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]. KEYWORDS:Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Socialist Women; Work and Class Identity; Class Discrimination; Gender and Class; Textile Workers; Woman Workers’ Strike; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
25 May 1903, 1903
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Press release
Person Discussed
Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Socialism, Women as “Proletariat”, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Labor Standards Movements, Hungarians
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Nomunkás. A munkálkodó nok érdekeit képviselo szociáldemokrata lap. Vol. I, No. 18, 22 October 1905
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. 1, No. 18, October 22, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 18. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital arc...
Sample
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. 1, No. 18, October 22, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 18. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from...
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 18. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from foundation of the journal in 1905 to 1908. The journal was published with interruptions. After 1908, it was revived at the end of 1912, only with substantial financial backing and more control by the Social-Democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt). The voluminous stock of the journal as published in this later period, including World War I, is available at the Institute of Political History. Nőmunkás (The Woman Worker) gave information on the activism of organized social democratic women in Hungary. It regularly reports about the activities of the Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete) and, later, on the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága). The journal gave information about the national conferences of social democratic women. Nőmunkás called women to socialist activism, reported on the activities of the woman Comrades in Austria (Cisleithania), regularly gave information on social democracy and social democratic women internationally, commented on political developments and repression in Hungary and elsewhere, and discussed these events as well as social and political questions more generally, with reference to the questions of class and gender. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the social democratic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. Of note, the subtitle of the first issue published referred to the journal as “socialist” rather than “social-democratic.” KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Domestic Workers; Domestic Servants; Gender and Class; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Teréz Hatnakovics; Gizella Fellner; Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák; Lily Braun; Charlotte Perkins Gilman; Klára Ács
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Date Published / Released
22 October 1905, 1905
Publisher
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Series
Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap
Person Discussed
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1860-1917, Klára Ács, fl. 1905, Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák, fl. 1905, Gizella Fellner, fl. 1905, Teréz Hatnakovics, fl. 1905, Lily Braun, 1865-1916
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Women as “Proletariat”, Sexual Division of Labor, Socialism, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Hungarians
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Nomunkás. A munkálkodó nok érdekeit képviselo szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 1, 1 March 1905
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 1, March 1, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Socialist Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 1, 1 March 1905. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Of note, th...
Sample
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 1, March 1, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Socialist Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 1, 1 March 1905. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Of note, the subtitle of the first issue published referred to the journal as “socialist” rather than “social-democratic.” This digital ar...
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Socialist Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 1, 1 March 1905. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. Of note, the subtitle of the first issue published referred to the journal as “socialist” rather than “social-democratic.” This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from foundation of the journal in 1905 to 1908. The journal was published with interruptions. After 1908, it was revived at the end of 1912, only with substantial financial backing and more control by the Social-Democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt). The voluminous stock of the journal as published in this later period, including World War I, is available at the Institute of Political History. Nőmunkás (The Woman Worker) gave information on the activism of organized social democratic women in Hungary. It regularly reports about the activities of the Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete) and, later, on the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága). The journal gave information about the national conferences of social democratic women. Nőmunkás called women to socialist activism, reported on the activities of the woman Comrades in Austria (Cisleithania), regularly gave information on social democracy and social democratic women internationally, commented on political developments and repression in Hungary and elsewhere, and discussed these events as well as social and political questions more generally, with reference to the questions of class and gender. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the social democratic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Domestic Workers; Domestic Servants; Gender and Class; Empire; Hungary; Mariska Gárdos; Mrs. Farkas Gizella Fellner; Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák; Vera Fehér
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Date Published / Released
01 March 1905, 1905
Publisher
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Series
Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap
Person Discussed
Vera Fehér, fl. 1905, Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák, fl. 1905, Gizella Fellner, fl. 1905, Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, Farkas, fl. 1905
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Women as “Proletariat”, Socialism, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Hungarians
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Nomunkás. A munkálkodó nok érdekeit képviselo szociáldemokrata lap, Vol. I, No. 2, 12 March 1905
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 2, March 12, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 2. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital arch...
Sample
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 2, March 12, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 2. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from f...
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 2. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from foundation of the journal in 1905 to 1908. The journal was published with interruptions. After 1908, it was revived at the end of 1912, only with substantial financial backing and more control by the Social-Democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt). The voluminous stock of the journal as published in this later period, including World War I, is available at the Institute of Political History. Nőmunkás (The Woman Worker) gave information on the activism of organized social democratic women in Hungary. It regularly reports about the activities of the Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete) and, later, on the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága). The journal gave information about the national conferences of social democratic women. Nőmunkás called women to socialist activism, reported on the activities of the woman Comrades in Austria (Cisleithania), regularly gave information on social democracy and social democratic women internationally, commented on political developments and repression in Hungary and elsewhere, and discussed these events as well as social and political questions more generally, with reference to the questions of class and gender. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the social democratic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. Of note, the subtitle of the first issue published referred to the journal as “socialist” rather than “social-democratic.” KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Domestic Workers; Domestic Servants; Gender and Class; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Mariska Gárdos; Mrs. Farkas Gizella Fellner; Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Date Published / Released
12 March 1905, 1905
Publisher
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Series
Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap
Person Discussed
Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák, fl. 1905, Gizella Fellner, fl. 1905, Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, Farkas, fl. 1905
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Women as “Proletariat”, Socialism, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Hungarians
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Nomunkás. A munkálkodó nok érdekeit képviselo szociáldemokrata lap, Vol. I, No. 3, 26 March 1905
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 3, March 26, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 3. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital arch...
Sample
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 3, March 26, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 3. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from f...
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 3. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from foundation of the journal in 1905 to 1908. The journal was published with interruptions. After 1908, it was revived at the end of 1912, only with substantial financial backing and more control by the Social-Democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt). The voluminous stock of the journal as published in this later period, including World War I, is available at the Institute of Political History. Nőmunkás (The Woman Worker) gave information on the activism of organized social democratic women in Hungary. It regularly reports about the activities of the Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete) and, later, on the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága). The journal gave information about the national conferences of social democratic women. Nőmunkás called women to socialist activism, reported on the activities of the woman Comrades in Austria (Cisleithania), regularly gave information on social democracy and social democratic women internationally, commented on political developments and repression in Hungary and elsewhere, and discussed these events as well as social and political questions more generally, with reference to the questions of class and gender. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the social democratic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. Of note, the subtitle of the first issue published referred to the journal as “socialist” rather than “social-democratic.” KEYWORDS: Political and Human Rights; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Domestic Workers; Domestic Servants; Gender and Class; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Mariska Gárdos; Mrs. Farkas Gizella Fellner; Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák; Vera Fehér
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Date Published / Released
26 March 1905, 1905
Publisher
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Series
Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap
Person Discussed
Farkas, fl. 1905, Vera Fehér, fl. 1905, Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák, fl. 1905, Gizella Fellner, fl. 1905, Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Women as “Proletariat”, Sexual Division of Labor, Socialism, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Hungarians
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Nomunkás. A munkálkodó nok érdekeit képviselo szociáldemokrata lap, Vol. I, No. 4, 9 April 1905
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 4, April 9, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital arch...
Sample
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I, No. 4, April 9, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from f...
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 4. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from foundation of the journal in 1905 to 1908. The journal was published with interruptions. After 1908, it was revived at the end of 1912, only with substantial financial backing and more control by the Social-Democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt). The voluminous stock of the journal as published in this later period, including World War I, is available at the Institute of Political History. Nőmunkás (The Woman Worker) gave information on the activism of organized social democratic women in Hungary. It regularly reports about the activities of the Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete) and, later, on the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága). The journal gave information about the national conferences of social democratic women. Nőmunkás called women to socialist activism, reported on the activities of the woman Comrades in Austria (Cisleithania), regularly gave information on social democracy and social democratic women internationally, commented on political developments and repression in Hungary and elsewhere, and discussed these events as well as social and political questions more generally, with reference to the questions of class and gender. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the social democratic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. Of note, the subtitle of the first issue published referred to the journal as “socialist” rather than “social-democratic.” KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Domestic Workers; Domestic Servants; Gender and Class; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Mariska Gárdos; Mrs. Farkas Gizella Fellner; Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák; Klára Kerekes
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Date Published / Released
09 April 1905, 1905
Publisher
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Series
Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap
Person Discussed
Klára Kerekes, fl. 1905, Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák, fl. 1905, Gizella Fellner, fl. 1905, Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Women as “Proletariat”, Sexual Division of Labor, Socialism, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Hungarians
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Nomunkás. A munkálkodó nok érdekeit képviselo szociáldemokrata lap, Vol. I, No. 5, 23 April 1905
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I,, No. 5, April 23, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 5. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital arch...
Sample
(Politikatörténeti Intézet Könyvtára [Institute of Poitical History, Library]); edited by Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973, in Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap, Vol. I,, No. 5, April 23, 1905 (Budapest, Budapest County: National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary, 1905), 8 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 5. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from f...
TITLE: The Woman Worker: Social Democratic Journal Representing the Interests of Working Women, Vol. I, No. 5. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. This digital archive includes all items available at the Institute of Political History (Politikatörténeti Intézet) in Budapest for the period from foundation of the journal in 1905 to 1908. The journal was published with interruptions. After 1908, it was revived at the end of 1912, only with substantial financial backing and more control by the Social-Democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt). The voluminous stock of the journal as published in this later period, including World War I, is available at the Institute of Political History. Nőmunkás (The Woman Worker) gave information on the activism of organized social democratic women in Hungary. It regularly reports about the activities of the Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete) and, later, on the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága). The journal gave information about the national conferences of social democratic women. Nőmunkás called women to socialist activism, reported on the activities of the woman Comrades in Austria (Cisleithania), regularly gave information on social democracy and social democratic women internationally, commented on political developments and repression in Hungary and elsewhere, and discussed these events as well as social and political questions more generally, with reference to the questions of class and gender. The journal constitutes a key source of information on the social democratic women’s movement in Hungary and its international context. Of note, the subtitle of the first issue published referred to the journal as “socialist” rather than “social-democratic.” KEYWORDS: Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Domestic Workers; Domestic Servants; Gender and Class; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Mariska Gárdos; Mrs. Farkas Gizella Fellner; Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák; Margit Galambos
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Contributor
Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Date Published / Released
23 April 1905, 1905
Publisher
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Series
Nőmunkás. A munkálkodó nők érdekeit képviselő szociálista lap
Person Discussed
Margit Galambos, fl. 1905, Mrs. Kálmán Jócsák, fl. 1905, Gizella Fellner, fl. 1905, Farkas, fl. 1905, Mária Gárdos, 1885-1973
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Women as “Proletariat”, Sexual Division of Labor, Socialism, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Hungarians
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