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Bitte!
written by Irma Szirmai, 1868-1958 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P987 Szirmai Oszkárné [Mrs. Oszkár Szirmai], Box 4 Folder 12) (09 September 1914) , 2 page(s)
TITLE: Demand! DESCRIPTION: Typescript kept in the papers of Mrs. Oszkár Szirmai (born Irma Reinitz, 1867-1958), leader of the child protection division of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), the leading liberal-progressive women’s organization in Hungary at the time. The “Demand!” in all li...
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written by Irma Szirmai, 1868-1958 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P987 Szirmai Oszkárné [Mrs. Oszkár Szirmai], Box 4 Folder 12) (09 September 1914) , 2 page(s)
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TITLE: Demand! DESCRIPTION: Typescript kept in the papers of Mrs. Oszkár Szirmai (born Irma Reinitz, 1867-1958), leader of the child protection division of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), the leading liberal-progressive women’s organization in Hungary at the time. The “Demand!” in all likelihood is authored by Mrs. Szirmai. It addresses “our brothers and sisters” with the request to contribute to the wartime effort...
TITLE: Demand! DESCRIPTION: Typescript kept in the papers of Mrs. Oszkár Szirmai (born Irma Reinitz, 1867-1958), leader of the child protection division of the Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete), the leading liberal-progressive women’s organization in Hungary at the time. The “Demand!” in all likelihood is authored by Mrs. Szirmai. It addresses “our brothers and sisters” with the request to contribute to the wartime effort of the Association by ordering and paying for goods that can be produced by “your poor sisters” in doing homework. This effort fulfills a double purpose: It generates “well paid” work for poor women, if only “in small doses so as to be able to include everybody,” while, later on, those who have ordered and paid for the work shall “give” what has been produced “as a present to those in need.” The “Demand” mentions winter cloth and simple cloth for women, children and babies as examples. The association had received a number of large orders, for instance for children’s clothes or wristlets, yet it was in dire need for new orders since “in the hours when work distribution takes place,” in the rooms of the school in Nagydiófa Street 8 in Budapest, “the clientele is as large as if warm cakes of new bank notes were distributed, whereas in reality it is only work which is distributed there.” The Demand mentions that the activities of the association have always been oriented towards social rather than charitable work, referring to the association’s counseling activities with regard to work and employment. Yet, the war has generated such manifold miseries that help now must be given “quickly and in reliable manner by action rather than through the word” alone. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; World War I; Social Reform and Political Activism Welfare Movements; War Time Relief Work; Work and Class Identity; Generation of Work for Poor Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
09 September 1914, 1914
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Essay
Author / Creator
Irma Szirmai, 1868-1958
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Empire and Family Life, Sexual Division of Labor, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Kérdőív (18 db. kitöltve)
written by National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]) (1917) , 18 page(s)
TITLE: Questionaire (18 items filled in). DESCRIPTION: During World War I, the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága) distributed a questionnaire into which woman workers from different factories filled data about their conditi...
Sample
written by National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]) (1917) , 18 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Questionaire (18 items filled in). DESCRIPTION: During World War I, the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága) distributed a questionnaire into which woman workers from different factories filled data about their condition. Between 1912 and 1916, the National Organizational Committee was the central organizing body of the socialist women’s movement as...
TITLE: Questionaire (18 items filled in). DESCRIPTION: During World War I, the National Organizational Committee of the Woman Workers of Hungary (Magyarországi nőmunkások országos szervezőbizottsága) distributed a questionnaire into which woman workers from different factories filled data about their condition. Between 1912 and 1916, the National Organizational Committee was the central organizing body of the socialist women’s movement associated with the Social-democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt, MSZDP). Earlier, the National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary [Magyarországi Munkásnők Országos Egyesülete], est. 1904, had been the key organization. While co-existing with the National Organizational Committee, the Association was marginalized in later years. The 18 women (age 15 to 29) who filled in the questionnaire gave information about the factories in which they worked (electrical, tobacco, armaments), whether they did the night shift (many did, a number of them saying that this depended on the needs of the factory), their weekly salary (15 to 34 Crowns), working time (from 6 to more than 11 hours), length and type of travel to the work place (for some up to two hours), whether they had worked before the war, why they worked, their marital status and the number and age of their children, whether they carried their own household or with whom they stayed, who was looking after their children when they worked, how many individuals they supported with their income (two women supported only themselves, the others up to 8 family members), and what they ate for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The questionnaire was “to be filled in with pencil.” On one item, the year 1917 is given. Nearly all women had close male family members drawn into the Austro-Hungarian army, some said they worked because they couldn’t subsist from the [war time] relief money they received. Two women said that she entrusted her children “to God” or the “good God” while at work. The diet of the women included black coffee or nothing for breakfast and, for instance, “spurious soup,” bread with paprika or “empty vegetables” for lunch, otherwise the diet was restricted to potatoes, cabbage, beans, etc. See also, “Sátoraljaujhely dohánygyár: dolgozik 1300 nő [Sátoraljaújhely: Tobacco Factory in Sátoraljaújhely, In Work 1300 Women]” (Report, Sátoraljaújhely, 1915), 696. f. 68. ő.e., Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]; and “Valamit tenni kell! [Something must be done!]” (Itinerary, Hungary, 1915), 696. f. 68. ő.e., Politikatörténeti Intézet Levéltára [Institute of Poitical History, Archives]. These three documents, taken together, constitute a small group of records which document how the social democratic women’s movement during World War tried to reach out to and mobilize woman workers. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Joint Military; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; World War I; Social Reform and Political Activism; War Time Relief; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Work and Class Identity; Woman Workers; War Time Living Conditions; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Annuska Roth; Mrs. Gyula Czenne; Mrs. Sandor [Sándor] Halawa; Mrs. István Kálmán; Teréz Toth; Erzsi [Erzsébet] Blazinovits; Mariska [Mária] Busa; Zsuzsi [Zsuzsanna] Szabó; Anna Hain; Mrs. Jakab Stáhl/Stahl; widowed Mrs. Ádám Gonter; Mrs. Ferenc Rozsa [Rózsa]
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1917
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary
Person Discussed
Mrs. Ferenc Rózsa, fl. 1917, Mrs. Ádám Gonter, fl. 1917, Mrs. Jakab Stáhl, fl. 1917, Anna Hain, fl. 1917, Zsuzsi Szabó, fl. 1917, Mariska Busa, fl. 1917, Erzsi Blazinovits, fl. 1917, Teréz Toth, fl. 1917, Mrs. István Kálmán, fl. 1917, Mrs. Sándor Halawa, fl. 1917, Mrs. Gyula Czenne, fl. 1917, Annuska Roth, fl. 1917
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Work and Class Identity, Social Reform and Political Activism, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women as “Proletariat”, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Socialism, Sexual Division of Labor, International Peace, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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