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Annual report of Splošno žensko društvo, 1910
written by General Slovene Women’s Society (Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana. ZAL, LJU 285) (1910) , 10 page(s)
TITLE: Annual Report of Splošno žensko društvo, 1913. DESCRIPTION: The document is the annual report of Splošnoslovenskoženskodruštvo (General Slovene Women’s Society), the most important association of Slovene-speaking women in the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire, for the year 1913. The report inform...
Sample
written by General Slovene Women’s Society (Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana. ZAL, LJU 285) (1910) , 10 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Annual Report of Splošno žensko društvo, 1913. DESCRIPTION: The document is the annual report of Splošnoslovenskoženskodruštvo (General Slovene Women’s Society), the most important association of Slovene-speaking women in the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire, for the year 1913. The report informs about the preparations of the exhibition “Jugoslavenskažena” (The Yugoslav woman), in cooperation with women’s organizations f...
TITLE: Annual Report of Splošno žensko društvo, 1913. DESCRIPTION: The document is the annual report of Splošnoslovenskoženskodruštvo (General Slovene Women’s Society), the most important association of Slovene-speaking women in the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire, for the year 1913. The report informs about the preparations of the exhibition “Jugoslavenskažena” (The Yugoslav woman), in cooperation with women’s organizations from Zagreb-Ženskaudrugazapromicanjenarodnepučkeumjetnosti i obrta (Women’s Association for Promoting National Popular Art and Crafts) and Udrugaučiteljica (Female Teachers’ Association). Due to the economic crisis related to the Balkan wars, the exhibition was postponed to 1914. French, English, German and Slavic delegates travelling to the Seventh Congress of the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) in Budapest, held the meeting in Prague from 8th to the 12th of June 1913. The Czech women convoked the meeting of Slavic women in Prague, protesting the decisions of Vienna and Budapest committees not to accept language equality at the congress. Croatian and Slovene women expressed solidarity with the Czechs, and sent the telegram to the Výbor pro volebníprávožen (Committee for women’s suffrage). The report includes the text of the telegram, in which the authors expressed a wish for establishing an Austrian Slavic women’s federation (a federation of Slavic-speaking women’s organizations within the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire). The Slovene women expressed their regrets for being geographically distant from active Czech women, and for being obliged to be members of Vienna’s Bund Österreichischer Frauenvereine (Federation of Austrian Women’s Associations). The report documents the shifting alliances among women of different nationalities within the Empire, in this case under the influence of the Yugoslav and the Austro-Slavic political models, respectively. It also documents tensions between women activists from different nationalities in relation to the 1913 IWSA Congress in Budapest. Keywords: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; Empire and Feminism; Empire and Internationalism; Political and Human Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Suffrage; Habsburg Empire; Budapest IWSA Congress 1913
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1910
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
General Slovene Women’s Society
Person Discussed
Franja Tavčarjeva, fl. 1907, Františka Plamínková, 1875-1942, Marianne Hainisch, 1839-1936
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Empire and Internationalism, Empire and Feminism, Czechs, Austrians, Slovene
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Annual report of Splošno žensko društvo, 1918
written by General Slovene Women’s Society (Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana. ZAL, LJU 285) (1918) , 13 page(s)
TITLE: A Lecture on Women's Emancipation in Russia in the Beginning of 1902. DESCRIPTION: The text by an anonymous author, a Slovene woman living in Russia, provides information about the progress of women’s emancipation in Russia in the beginning of 1902. After starting with the reference about the debate over...
Sample
written by General Slovene Women’s Society (Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana. ZAL, LJU 285) (1918) , 13 page(s)
Description
TITLE: A Lecture on Women's Emancipation in Russia in the Beginning of 1902. DESCRIPTION: The text by an anonymous author, a Slovene woman living in Russia, provides information about the progress of women’s emancipation in Russia in the beginning of 1902. After starting with the reference about the debate over the use of the titles Miss and Mrs. in Parisian circles, the author reports that in Russia women are more interested in practical probl...
TITLE: A Lecture on Women's Emancipation in Russia in the Beginning of 1902. DESCRIPTION: The text by an anonymous author, a Slovene woman living in Russia, provides information about the progress of women’s emancipation in Russia in the beginning of 1902. After starting with the reference about the debate over the use of the titles Miss and Mrs. in Parisian circles, the author reports that in Russia women are more interested in practical problems, such as the fight against prostitution. They establish programs for young female workers consisting in lectures, courses, and organized entertainment under the supervision of patronesses. In Petrograd, courses and schools have been established for training of young women in watchmaking, handicrafts, pharmacy, and agriculture. The document shows the circulation of information about organized women’s movements and the efforts for women’s emancipation beyond the Empire. The personal letters and reports from women from the same ethnic group living in foreign countries often served as the first sources of information for women activists eager to gain knowledge about the women’s movements across the world. Women’s organizations also relied on the exchange of journals and direct correspondence with fellow activists. The document is kept incomes from the archives of Splošnoslovenskoženskodruštvo(General Slovene Women’s Society), the most important association of Slovene-speaking women in the Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. As a major independent Slavic country, the Russian Empire was a culturally and politically important reference point for national elites of Slavic peoples within the Habsburg Empire. Keywords: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Habsburg Empire; Russian Empire
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Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1918
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
General Slovene Women’s Society
Person Discussed
Franja Tavčarjeva, fl. 1907
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Internationalism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Czechs, Serbians, Croatians, Slovene, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912), 33 page(s)
TITLE: The Yearbook of the Women's Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1911-1912 period issued by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/Hermannstadt/ Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880 with the stated goal of creating t...
Sample
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912), 33 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Yearbook of the Women's Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1911-1912 period issued by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/Hermannstadt/ Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880 with the stated goal of creating to promote Romanian women’s education, including both an institute and a boarding school. Reuniunea Femeilor Române/Reunion of Romani...
TITLE: The Yearbook of the Women's Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1911-1912 period issued by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/Hermannstadt/ Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880 with the stated goal of creating to promote Romanian women’s education, including both an institute and a boarding school. Reuniunea Femeilor Române/Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. (On a similar, older initiative, run by the Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt Women’s Reunion, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brașov, “Regulament. Pentru internatul de fetite ax reuniunii femeilor române din Brasov [Regulations: For the Girls’ Boarding School of the Reunion of the Romanian Women in Brașov]” (Official Organizational Document, Brașov, României, January 1, 1888), 5747/1888, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff.1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov. Also of note, the Sibiu Reunion’s elementary school should not be confused with the Civil School for Girls, the secondary school founded by ASTRA Association, which the former functioned in “organic connection” and shared a building; on ASTRA’s school; see also, Scoala Civila de Fete a Asociatiunii Astra, “Condiții de primire în școala civilă de fete a Asociațiunii și în internatul acesteia [Admission Conditions in the Civil Girls’ School of the Association and its Boarding House]” (Official Organizational Document, Sibiu, 1901), 2/1901, Fond Scoala Civila de Fete (Astra) SB-F-00045-2-1901-2, ff. 1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Directia Judetena a Arhivelor Nationale Sibiu.) In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” In 1915, the Reunion’s wartime charitable activities were commended by the Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria (1866-1939) and the municipal authorities in Sibiu. In 1919, now part of the Kingdom of Romania, the school of the Sibiu Reunion and that of ASTRA merged and changed their status from private (or civil) to public (or state) schools. The same year, Queen Marie of Romania (1875-1938) became patron of the Reunion’s reopened School for Housekeeping and Industry. In general, the Reunion thrived. In 1918, it organized a public meeting, attended by over 500 women, to celebrate the planned union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. It also named Eleonora Lemeny as its representative to the official unification negotiations; it mobilized to counter the brutality of the Hungarian Bolsheviks, and it favored the Romanian army’s march against the Budapest Soviet Republic. In the years that followed, the Sibiu Reunion was a significant participant in the Union of Romanian Women, initiated by Maria Baiulescu. ¶ The Yearbook contains minutes of the Reunion’s 1911-1912 meeting, the formal annual report of the organization’s activities, information on the association’s budget and funding, lists of members and the transcript of the speech made by longtime Reunion President, Maria Cosma, during that year’s general assembly. Together, the documents included in the Yearbook show that during 1911-1912 the Reunion reorganized its housekeeping school (founded in 1905), by hiring highly qualified personnel and acquiring a building for this institution. The newly-reorganized school had a section for instruction in “industry” and one for training in housekeeping (“școala de menaj”). The industrial section offered courses aimed to train women both in cottage industry weaving and in factory-type, mechanized weaving. The Reunion recognized the influence of the Fribourg Home Economics School (in Switzerland) on its housekeeping section. The Yearbook mentions hiring one of the Swiss School’s (Romanian) graduates and seeking to select and adapt Fribourg methods to local conditions. Differently from the middle-class clientele of the Reunion’s elementary school, this professional training school was meant to grant scholarships and “open up a career” for poorer girls, all the while contributing to the Romanian national cause through the Romanian-language education of these poorer women, with rural origins. The documents also discuss the Reunion’s desire to begin caring for boys’ education, by providing them with meals and a dedicated boarding school. It should be noted that at the time the multiethnic town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben already had a strong tradition in both women’s educational institutions and professional training. Nevertheless, the Reunion’s ambitions for the new school are notable as they responded to several major socio-economic trends in or affecting the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At the time, Austria-Hungary was undergoing a boom in the textile industry. Secondly, the household-training movement was a fairly conservative European response to rural-urban migration and changes in women’s work, brought about by proletarization. Thirdly, Transylvanian Romanian nationalists had intensified by the 1910s their middle-class reformist outlook, by more strongly promoting economic organization and productivity as keys to national progress. The Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu placed itself and the young women it wished to educate in the middle of these developments, in interesting ways. Reunion members’ participation in the People’s Kitchen (“Bucataria Poporala”) organized by the municipality also receives a mention in the Yearbook. ¶ The Yearbook shows how the Sibiu version of the Transylvanian Romanian network of Reunions chose to deal with industrialization and women’s work. Compared to the Hunedoara Reunion’s social pedagogy concerning women’s work, the Sibiu Reunion was embracing technological change more openly. For comparison, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Hunedoara, Reuniunea femeilor române din Comitatul Hunedoarei 1886-1911 [The Reunion of Romanian Women from the District of Hunedoara, 1886-1911] (Orastie: Tipografia Noua, 1912). Furthermore, this Yearbook shows how the Reunion wanted to promote women’s and national progress simultaneously, by linking young Romanian women’s improved career opportunities to the furthering of the national cause. The Reunion recognized and developed practices around certain class issues as well (visible in their seeking to grant scholarships to all students of the Housekeeping school). This Yearbook contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of Transylvanian Romanian women’s associations in the years right before, during and immediately after the Great War. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Education in National Languages; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; The Home Economics Movement; Work and Class Identity; Habsburg Empire; Home industry; Funds and donations; Municipal activism; People’s Kitchens; Archduke Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany; Princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Marie of Romania
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu
Date Published / Released
1912
Publisher
Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane
Person Discussed
Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, 1866-1939, Marie, of Romania, 1875-1938
Topic / Theme
Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Indigenous Women, Empire and Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Gendered Education, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Social and Political Leadership, Roma...
Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Indigenous Women, Empire and Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Gendered Education, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Social and Political Leadership, Romanians
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Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1913-1914
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1914), 30 page(s)
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the Years 1913-1914. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1913-1914 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, el...
Sample
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1914), 30 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the Years 1913-1914. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1913-1914 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It reorganized th...
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the Years 1913-1914. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1913-1914 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It reorganized this school in 1911, by dividing it into sections for training in industrial and housekeeping work but closed it in 1914. For more on the school, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). After the beginning of the Great War, the Sibiu Reunion volunteered to care for the Austro-Hungarian Army’s wounded by creating a “reserve hospital” in the training school’s building. In 1919, Queen Marie of Romania (1875-1938) became patron of the Reunion’s reopened School for Housekeeping and Industry. In the years that followed, the Sibiu Reunion was a significant participant in the federative Union of Romanian Women, initiated by Maria Baiulescu. ¶ The Yearbook offers information on the activities of the Sibiu Reunion of Romanian Women between 1913 and 1914. The administrative documents reproduced in the yearbook include the presidential address by Maria Cosma, meeting minutes, budgets, annual organizational report, the household section report, the industrial section report, an accounting report, a membership report, and proposals before the committee. A balance sheet and a budget sheet are included in table form, and the membership list is printed last. This yearbook shows how the Reunion wanted to promote women’s and national progress simultaneously, by linking young Romanian women’s improved career opportunities to the furthering of the national cause. The Reunion recognized and developed practices around certain class issues as well. This yearbook contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of Transylvanian Romanian women’s associations in the years right before, during and immediately after the Great War. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Education in National Languages; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; The Home Economics Movement; Work and Class Identity; Habsburg Empire; Home industry; Funds and donations; Municipal activism; People’s Kitchens; Princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Marie of Romania
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu
Date Published / Released
1914
Publisher
Editura Reuniunii
Person Discussed
Marie, of Romania, 1875-1938
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Women as “Proletariat”, Ro...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Women as “Proletariat”, Romanians
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Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1914-1915 si 1915-1916
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1916), 38 page(s)
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-languag...
Sample
written by Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu (Sibiu, Sibiu County: Editura Reuniunii, 1916), 38 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It...
TITLE: Yearbook of the Reunion of Romanian Women for the years 1914-1915 and 1915-1916. DESCRIPTION: This document is the yearbook for the 1914-1915 period, by the Reuniunea Femeilor Române / Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu/ Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben. The Reunion was founded in 1880. It opened a Romanian-language, private, elementary school for girls in 1883. In 1905/1906 the Reunion inaugurated a “School for home economy and industry.” It reorganized this school in 1911, by dividing it into sections for training in industrial and housekeeping work but closed it in 1914. For more on the school, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). After the beginning of the Great War, the Sibiu Reunion volunteered to care for the Austro-Hungarian Army’s wounded by creating a “reserve hospital” in the training school’s building. In 1919, Queen Marie of Romania (1875-1938) became patron of the Reunion’s reopened School for Housekeeping and Industry. In the years that followed, the Sibiu Reunion was a significant participant in the federative Union of Romanian Women, initiated by Maria Baiulescu. ¶ The Yearbook offers information on the activities of the Sibiu Reunion of Romanian Women between 1914 and 1916. According to the administrative documents reproduced in the yearbook (meeting minutes, budgets, annual report), the “reserve hospital” cared for “264 wounded soldiers, by origin from the different countries of our Monarchy.” In 1915, the Reunion hospital and its initiators were commended by the visiting Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria (1866-1939), a promoter of the Red Cross in Austria-Hungary. In 1916, the Reunion closed its hospital, arguing that it was no longer sent any wounded to care for. Valeria Soroștineanu has shown that the situation of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt and its inhabitants during the second half of the war was complicated: when the Kingdom of Romania joined the war in 1916, on the side of the Entente, the city was quickly surrounded by the neighboring country’s troops, with most civilians fleeing the area. The members of the Reunion remaining in the (still Austro-Hungarian) city of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt drastically reduced their social involvement, due to the “heavy atmosphere” and the weight of familial concerns. The Reunion re-emerged in late 1918 to welcome Romanian troops to the city and host a reception in honor of the Romanian-allied French General Henri Berthelot (1861-1931). For more on this, see Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Sibiu, Anuarul Reuniunii Femeilor din Sibiu pe anii 1911-1912 [The Yearbook of the Women’s Meeting in Sibiu for the Years 1911-1912] (Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografia Arhidiecezane, 1912). ¶ By covering the first years of the Great War, the yearbook helps us understand the transition undergone by the Sibiu Reunion, and to a certain extent, all women’s Reunions in Transylvania. Until 1916, the Reunion behaved largely like an Austro-Hungarian association of pragmatic, nationalistic Romanian women and was considered a significant part of Sibiu/Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt’s municipal associational fabric. After 1918, the organization presented itself and was recognized as primarily, ardently nationalistic. This yearbook helps reconstruct the evolution of Transylvanian Romanian women’s associations in the years right before, during and immediately after the Great War. In a broader sense, it contributes to comprehending the transformation of “empire” into “post-empire,” for the case of the Dual Monarchy. KEYWORDS: Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; War; War-time welfare; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire Silenced; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health; Women as Medical Professionals; Habsburg Empire; Funds and donations; Municipal activism; Archduke Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Tuscany; Princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Marie of Romania.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Reunion of Romanian Women in Sibiu
Date Published / Released
1916
Publisher
Editura Reuniunii
Person Discussed
Marie, of Romania, 1875-1938, Franz Salvator, Archduke of Austria, 1866-1939
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Empire and Feminism, Gendered Education, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Empire and Education, Women as Medical Professionals, Birth Control, Sexuality, International Peace, Romanians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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The Black Sash: Women for Justice and Peace
written by Mary Ingouville Burton, 1940- (Johannesburg, Gauteng: Jacana Media, 2015), 281 page(s)
Sample
written by Mary Ingouville Burton, 1940- (Johannesburg, Gauteng: Jacana Media, 2015), 281 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Mary Ingouville Burton, 1940-
Date Published / Released
2015
Publisher
Jacana Media
Topic / Theme
Apartheid, South Africa, 1948-1994, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Apartheid in South Africa, South Africans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Catalog für die Ausstellung österr. Frauen-Arbeiten. Welt-Ausstellung 1873 in Wien
(Austrian National Library); edited by Aglaia von Enderes, 1836-1883 (Vienna, Vienna State: Central-Commission Publisher, 1873), 71 page(s)
Title: Catalogue for the Exhibition of Austrian Women's Work: World Exhibition 1873 in Vienna. Description: The document is a catalogue published on the occasion of the Vienna World Exhibition of 1873. The catalogue gives an introduction on women's work and is followed by a list of producers and goods, which were...
Sample
(Austrian National Library); edited by Aglaia von Enderes, 1836-1883 (Vienna, Vienna State: Central-Commission Publisher, 1873), 71 page(s)
Description
Title: Catalogue for the Exhibition of Austrian Women's Work: World Exhibition 1873 in Vienna. Description: The document is a catalogue published on the occasion of the Vienna World Exhibition of 1873. The catalogue gives an introduction on women's work and is followed by a list of producers and goods, which were crafted by women. One pavilion of the Vienna World Exhibition was devoted exclusively to women's work in the Habsburg Monarchy. The exp...
Title: Catalogue for the Exhibition of Austrian Women's Work: World Exhibition 1873 in Vienna. Description: The document is a catalogue published on the occasion of the Vienna World Exhibition of 1873. The catalogue gives an introduction on women's work and is followed by a list of producers and goods, which were crafted by women. One pavilion of the Vienna World Exhibition was devoted exclusively to women's work in the Habsburg Monarchy. The exponents were presented in four categories: schools, dilettantes, house industry, factory industry. In advance of the exhibition, commissions in Vienna, Ragusa, Graz, Görtz, Innsbruck, Bolzano, Brno, Olomouc, Opava (Troppau), Krakow, Chernivtsi, Trieste, Ljubljana collected 3,216 “female,” hand-craft products and industrial manufacturing products. A selection of this collection was presented in the pavilion devoted to women's work. As mentioned by Aglaia von Enderes in the introduction, the exhibition of women's art and craft served the purpose to visualise and raise attention on the work of women. The author of catalogue, Aglaia von Enderes (1834–1883) was a writer and active in the Wiener Frauen-Erwerb-Verein [Viennese Women's Acquisition Association]. She wrote several articles in the journal Politische Frauen-Zeitung [Political Women Journal] about the Viennese Women's Acquisition Association. Keywords: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; National Identity; Social Reform; Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Work and Class Identity; Labor Standards; Habsburg Empire; World Exhibition; Austria
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Contributor
Aglaia von Enderes, 1836-1883
Date Published / Released
1873
Publisher
Central-Commission Publisher
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, National Identity, Rights to Work, Empire and Internationalism, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Austrians
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The Challenge of Multinational Empire for the International Women's Movement: The Habsburg Monarchy and the Development of Feminist Inter/na...
written by Susan Zimmermann, fl. 2012, in Globalizing Feminisms, 1789-1945, edited by Karen Offen. (London: Routledge, 2010), pp. 153-69, 367-73 (2010), 24 page(s)
Sample
written by Susan Zimmermann, fl. 2012, in Globalizing Feminisms, 1789-1945, edited by Karen Offen. (London: Routledge, 2010), pp. 153-69, 367-73 (2010), 24 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Author / Creator
Susan Zimmermann, fl. 2012
Date Published / Released
2010
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Empire and Feminism, Hungarians, Croatians, Austrians, Czechs, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femeilor Române spre ajutoriulu crescerei fetitieloru orfane scl si actele acesteia: Partea II. pentr...
written by Maria Nicolau, fl. 1854 (Brașov, Brașov County: Römer and Kamner (Publisher), 1854), 48 page(s)
TITLE: Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part II, Year III. DESCRIPTION: This document is the second part of a two-part account included in this digital archive. For Part I, see Maria Nicolau, Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femei...
Sample
written by Maria Nicolau, fl. 1854 (Brașov, Brașov County: Römer and Kamner (Publisher), 1854), 48 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part II, Year III. DESCRIPTION: This document is the second part of a two-part account included in this digital archive. For Part I, see Maria Nicolau, Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femeilor Române spre ajutoriulu crescerei fetitieloru orfane scl si actele acesteia: Partea I. pentru anulu I si II [Public Account for the...
TITLE: Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part II, Year III. DESCRIPTION: This document is the second part of a two-part account included in this digital archive. For Part I, see Maria Nicolau, Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femeilor Române spre ajutoriulu crescerei fetitieloru orfane scl si actele acesteia: Partea I. pentru anulu I si II [Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part I, Year I and II] (Brasov: Römer & Kamner, 1853). Reports, accounts and transcribed documents by and for the Reuniunea Femeilor Române/Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov covering the first four years of its existence (1850-1854). The Reuniunea Femeilor Române/Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt was founded in 1850. Its initial goal was to support and educate orphaned girls. From 1880, it focused more on providing a Romanian-language education for middle-class girls. In its first decade of functioning, the Reunion opened a primary school for girls in Brasov and a handiwork school in the neighboring, smaller town of Blaj. Later, it organized a boarding school. A later account of the political and social context in which the Reunion was founded and functioned in its first two decades, was published by its then President in 1870. The Reunion mobilized an impressive support network in aristocratic and merchant families in the Empire and counted, on average, 100 local members throughout its existence This document provides details on the circumstances in which the Brasov Reunion was founded, its initial goals and the reasons provided for women’s growing social involvement. It shows that in a period considered repressive towards civil society organizing in the whole of the Habsburg Empire, because of the aftermath of the 1848-1849 Revolution, Romanian speaking upper-middle class women in the city considered themselves “secure [enough] under the Austrian scepter” to create an association. The transcribed speeches, meeting protocols, and accounting books for the years 1850-1854 show that the Reunion admitted members regardless of confession, organized collections throughout the region and deposited its capital in different investments, using the interest obtained to support up to a dozen girls. This Yearbook for the period 1850-1854 reveals that founders aimed to work “to the benefit of offering a more solid upbringing to our sex, and especially to the orphans of martyrs of the faith from the past revolution.” They obtained the support of the Austrian governor of Transylvania Ludwig von Wohlgemuth and a donation from his spouse, Sofia Wohlgemuth; they also named several noble women from Austria and neighboring territories inhabited by Romanians as patrons. Interestingly, the Yearbook highlights a number of discourses motivating Transylvanian Romanian women’s involvement in the relatively novel domain of civic associations. In letters, speeches and reports republished in the book, they argued that: they were “following the example of other European ladies,” that women should prove that they understand and support their husbands’ struggle for nationality rights, that girls’ upbringing needed to be better suited to the “new life of the present century,” and that the context calls on women to add social concerns to their domestic duties. The document offers an insight into the beginnings of Romanian women’s associations in Transylvania, the mobilization techniques they used, their relatively comfortable relationship with Habsburg authorities during the neo-absolutism of the 1850s and the intellectual genealogy of ideas about women’s social contributions through education. ¶ The ulterior evolution of the Reunion (up until its disbandment in 1939) is mirrored in several other items included in this digital archive: see, Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brasov, “Propecta [Proposal for Modified Statutes of the Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brașov]” (Statutes, Brașov, 1861), 5150/1861, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff. 1-3, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov; Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brașov, “Regulament. Pentru internatul de fetite ax reuniunii femeilor române din Brasov [Regulations: For the Girls’ Boarding School of the Reunion of the Romanian Women in Brașov]” (Policy, Brașov, României, January 1, 1888), 5747/1888, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff.1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov; Reuniunea Femeilor Române Brașov, “Simțindu-se încă de mult lipsa unei scóle practice, 6 iunie 1893 [Given the Lack of a Practical School: Statutes, 6 June 1893, with Penciled Comments by the Representative of the Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs, November 1894]” (Statutes, Brașov, November 1894), 5904/1893 and 5960/1783, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff. 4-10, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov; and Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brasov, “Raportul [Report of the Committee of the Reunion of Romanian Women to the General Assembly held on 11/23 October 1892]” (Report, Brașov, October 11, 1892), 5864/1892, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff.1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov. Keywords: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Education; Access to Primary Education/Literacy; Gendered Education; Habsburg Empire; Reunion of Romanian Women/Reuniunea Femeilor Române; Funds and Donations; Political mobilization; Neo-absolutism; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Maria Nicolau, fl. 1854
Date Published / Released
1854
Publisher
Römer and Kamner (Publisher)
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Gendered Education, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Opposition to Imperialism, Social and Political Leadership, Social and Cul...
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Gendered Education, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Opposition to Imperialism, Social and Political Leadership, Social and Cultural Rights, Romanians
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Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in...
Sample
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of R...
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” which focused on women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Baritiu" County Library Brasov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. The Union of Romanian Women reunited approximatively half of the 60 independent Romanian women’s “Reunions” that had appeared in Transylvania since the 1850s. ¶ The speech laid out the purpose of a Union with “centralized power” to direct the activities of the adhering women’s Reunions in Hungary. The document also argued that the Union would direct the activities of women’s Reunions that would form in the future. The goals of the Union outlined by Baiulescu were promoting girls’ education, preserving peasant women’s handicraft traditions, raising “hardworking and thrifty wives and mothers,” promoting charitability among women, and creating a unified orphanage. Finally, according to Baiulescu, “through her disinterested social work woman is becoming an important factor even in states’ lives as only she is capable to resolve somewhat the humanitarian problem.” At first sight, the speech reaffirms and unifies the existing areas of activity of the Union’s members and places them within the politically uncontroversial frame of “republican motherhood.” However, concerning the context of this speech, the Romanian Women’s Union founding congress was scheduled to coincide with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest (3-5 June 1913). Whereas Saxon and Hungarian women’s associations in Transylvania were visible participants at the IWSA Congress, the newly-formed Union abstained from organized participation. The abstention was due to a “silenced or veiled” (but, nevertheless, present) suffrage politics pursued by the Transylvanian Romanian women’s movement in Hungary, one that may have been carried aut through the Romanian National Party’s advocating universal suffrage in the Hungarian Parliament, largely because of governemntal restrictions against minorities associational life in the Kingdom of Hungary ¶ This document points to the existence of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary and the tendencies towards centralization of disparate women’s associations, occurring by the 1910s. Secondly, Baiulescu’s speech reveals the rhetoric that masked the transnational connections and internationally convergent politics some politically-minded Transylvanian Romanian women, although, perhaps, not Maria Baiulescu herself, were pursuing at the time. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labor; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA).
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Su...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Romanians
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