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Do szanownego Zarzadu Kola Ligi Kobiet

written by Ada Markowa, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 28) (01 August 1915) , 1 page(s)

TITLE: To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga...

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Díl I. Svůj k svému

written by Františka Plamínková, 1875-1942, in Naše snahy [Our Endeavours], by Františka Plamínková. (Prague: Ženský klub český, 1906). pp. 5-19 (1906), 15 page(s)

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TITLE: Part I: To Each Their Own, in Our Endeavours. DESCRIPTION: This selection is the first part of a larger brochure titled, Our Endeavours. The brochure published by Ženský klub český [The Czech Women's Club] aims to persuade Czechs, especially Czech women, to buy Czech products and thereby support the Czech industry. The association Ženský klub český was founded by Czech speaking women’s activists in Prague, Bohemia in 1903. It sup... TITLE: Part I: To Each Their Own, in Our Endeavours. DESCRIPTION: This selection is the first part of a larger brochure titled, Our Endeavours. The brochure published by Ženský klub český [The Czech Women's Club] aims to persuade Czechs, especially Czech women, to buy Czech products and thereby support the Czech industry. The association Ženský klub český was founded by Czech speaking women’s activists in Prague, Bohemia in 1903. It supported women’s emancipation and functioned as women’s social and educational centre till 1938. The brochure was written by one of its main representatives, liberal feminist and teacher Františka Plamínková (1875-1942) in collaboration with another liberal feminist and teacher Marie Tůmová (1867-1926). The text is written from the perspective of Czech economic nationalism. It assesses the current state of the Czech industry in the context of the multinational Monarchy, analyses in detail the reasons why it is necessary to support the Czech economy. It outlines the methods of raising the awareness of the Czech public in this matter and names possible forms of support. The text shows that nationalism was an integral part of Czech liberal feminist activism. The brochure presents the Czech nation as small nation weakened by two hundred years of subjection. According to the text the economy can serve both national oppression and nation-building and the national emancipation. The support of the national industry is presented as a national duty. The brochure also refers to the link between national consciousness and women's emancipation. As it points out, women, the main purchasers, are often criticized for national unconsciousness by those who at the same time reject the concept of women’s emancipation. According to the text, only if women have equal access to education, they will be able to work for the national interest. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Economic Nationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Cisleithania Show more Show less

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Ein Schreiben des Deutschen Nationalen Frauen-Ausschusses für dauernden Frieden an den Reichskanzler Dr. von Bethmann Hollweg, 6. Monatsber...

written by Frida Perlen, fl. 1919, Anita Augspurg, 1857-1943 and Lida Gustava Heymann, 1868-1943 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 45) (November 1915) , 1 page(s)

TITLE: A Letter of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace to Imperial Chancellor Dr. von BethmannHollweg, 6th monthly report, suppl. no 2 (Munich, November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) w...

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Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894

written by Elena Baiulescu, fl. 1860 and Elena Mureşianu, 1862-1924 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 734/1905, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, f.1) (16 June 1894) , 4 page(s)

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TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor... TITLE: Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, Brașov, 5/16 June 1894. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter on custom-made stationery with “Everything for the Nation” slogan in one corner, addressed to Emilia Rațiu and signed by Elena Baiulescu and Elena Muresianu in the name of the National Committee of Romanian Women. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda/Torda/Thorenburg, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially following the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894. Ioan Rațiu was arrested following his condemnation for anti-state activity through the distribution of a manifesto on Transylvanian autonomy and linguistic rights in the “Memorandum trial.” Elena Muresianu (1862-1924) was an artist and publicist from Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt, active in the Women’s Reunion in the city and a founding member of the National Committee of Romanian Women. A graduate of the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts (1884-1888), she married into the Muresianu family who published Gazeta Transilvaniei [The Transylvanian Gazette], one of the most significant Romanian-language publications in the region. Between 1909 and 1911, Elena Muresianu was the sole administrator of the newspaper and associated typography, having always been heavily involved in the running of the business. Elena Baiulescu was President of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brașov/Brassó/Kronstadt in the 1890s and President of the National Committee of Romanian Women, from 1894 to 1896. She was married to Orthodox Archpriest (Protopop) Bartolomeu Baiulescu and the mother to Maria Baiulescu, who would become in the 1900s a visible spokeswoman for socially active women and the Transylvanian Romanian nationalist cause. The National Committee of Romanian Women was described as a “secret committee” of Romanian women founded in Brașov/Brassó/Hermannstadt in 1894 by Elena Muresianu, acting as Secretary, and Elena Baiulescu, as President. The Committee gathered signatures from women all around Transylvania to support the Transylvanian politicians condemned in the Memorandum trial. According to a 1934 article written by a member of the Committee, the Committee gathered “thousands upon thousands” of signatures for letters sent to MPs in Italy and journalists in France, thanking them for the support shown to the “Romanian national cause.” See, Maria Baiulescu, “Participrea femeilor romane din Ardeal in procesul Memorandumului in _Universul_(Bucharest) [The Participation of Romanian Women from Transylvania in the Memorandum Trial in _The Universe_(Bucharest)]” (Newspaper clipping, Bucharest, June 19, 1934), MS 1954, f. 30, “George Baritiu” County Library Special Collections, “George Baritiu” County Library Brasov, Special Collections Unit. The Committee minted decorative medals with the inscription “Everything for the Nation.” The “Memorandum trial” involved the 1894 condemnation of several prominent Transylvanian members of the Romanian National Party for publishing and distributing a manifesto critical of Hungarian centralism but not of the Emperor. The event garnered international attention and significant popular support in Transylvania and other territories inhabited by Romanians. ¶ This letter asks for Rațiu’s consent for writing letters to foreign supporters of the tried Memorandum politicians “not only [in the name of women from Brașov], but also in the name of all Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The senders consider the issue an important one and mention that they have written “to Romanian ladies from the different towns in Transylvania thus asking for their consent.” The senders mention writing a planned first thank-you letter to Italian MP Imbriani. ¶ This document provides evidence about the formation and mobilization strategies of the National Committee of Romanian Women. It captures a moment in which women involved in the nationalist cause sought to transform gender solidarities forged on municipal bases into the collective solidarity of all “Romanian women from Transylvania and Hungary.” The process mirrors similar developments in the rest of Austria-Hungary at the time. The 1880s were marked by middle-class municipal activism. This development was overshadowed (or in this case, merged) in 1890 by the rise of nationalist, mass mobilization, a political phenomenon that was, in fact, difficult to sustain and had somewhat waned by the early 1900s. In relation to the politics of gendered mobilization, the emphasis on and the use of the language of consent also makes this document an interesting one; it shows how liberal doctrines on contract and consent, assumed to be governing associations and individuals, were part of Transylvanian women’s activism. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Municipal Activism; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania; Comitetul Național al Femeilor Române/National Committee of Romanian Women; Memorandum; Municipal Activism; Mobilization; Networks; k. k. Kunstgewerbeschule/ Vienna School of Arts and Crafts. Show more Show less

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Međunarodni kongres za žensko biračko pravo

in Žena, Vol. 3, no. 4, January 4, 1913, pp. 240-245 (1913), 6 page(s)

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TITLE: International Congress for the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is an announcement on the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, Vladislava-Boba Polit, “O feminizmu. VII. međunarodni svetski kongres ženskinja u Budimpešti [On feminism. The 7th international world’s congress of women in Budapest],” Ženski svet, August 1913. It includes the le... TITLE: International Congress for the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is an announcement on the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) planned for /held in 1913 in Budapest. See also, Vladislava-Boba Polit, “O feminizmu. VII. međunarodni svetski kongres ženskinja u Budimpešti [On feminism. The 7th international world’s congress of women in Budapest],” Ženski svet, August 1913. It includes the letter of Rosika Schwimmer to Milica Tomić, inviting the Serbian sisters to join the congress. The announcement was published in Žena (The Woman), a periodical edited by Milica Tomić and published in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. Milica Tomić is most likely the author of the text. Tomić (1859-1944) was a writer, editor and a public activist for women’s rights born and based in Novi Sad. She published numerous works on the subject of women’s rights, education and emancipation. In 1911, she founded the journal Žena, which she edited until 1921. In 1881, she had been hired to work for the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women in Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). See, “Rad dobrotvornih zadruga [The Work of Charitable Cooperatives],” Ženski svet, January 5, 1886. In 1910, she initiated the establishment of the Women’s Reading Room ‘Posestrima’(Ženska čitaonica ‘Posestrima’). See, Milica Tomić, “Ženska čitaonica [Women’s Reading Room],” Žena, 1911. Milica Tomić cooperated with Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948), a prominent Hungarian feminist, and their correspondence was published in one of the issues of Žena. In the article, the author explains that the international congresses in support of women’s suffrage shows the progress in all countries when it comes to the question of women’s suffrage. The author believes that the planned congress in Budapest will be successful and that it will help “the women’s movement fighting for women’s suffrage.” The author is enthusiastic about the planned congress in Budapest, describing what is planned and who is supposed to come. The author includes a letter which the editor, Milica Tomić, has received from Rosika Schwimmer, who invites “the Serbian sisters” to join the congress. The author evaluates the invitation as very kind and invites Serbian women to attend the congress. KEYWORDS: Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Empire and Feminism; Empire and Internationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Budapest Show more Show less

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O izbornom pravu ženskinja

in Žena, Vol. 2, no. 6, January 6, 1912, pp. 347-352 (1912), 6 page(s)

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TITLE: On the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the assembly held in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina, in favor of women’s suffrage, with participation of Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) from Budapest. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbia... TITLE: On the Women's Suffrage. DESCRIPTION: This article is a report on the assembly held in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina, in favor of women’s suffrage, with participation of Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948) from Budapest. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The report is unsigned, but the author is probably Milica Tomić, the editor of the periodical Žena (The Woman) in which this report was published. Milica Tomić (1859-1944) was a writer, editor and a public activist for women’s rights born and based in Novi Sad. She published numerous works on the subject of women’s rights, education and emancipation. In 1911, she founded the journal Žena, which she edited until 1921. In 1881, she had been hired to work for the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women in Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). See, “Rad dobrotvornih zadruga [The Work of Charitable Cooperatives],” Ženski svet, January 5, 1886. In 1910, she initiated the establishment of the Women’s Reading Room ‘Posestrima’ (Ženska čitaonica ‘Posestrima’). See, Milica Tomić, “Ženska čitaonica [Women’s Reading Room],” Žena, 1911. Tomić cooperated with Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948), a prominent Hungarian feminist, and their correspondence was published in one of the issues of Žena. The organizers of the assembly in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina, were the Serbian People‘s Radical Party (Srpska Narodna Radikalna Stranka) and other parties. The author mentions that the first two parties reportedly supported women’s suffrage, while the leader of the third, Hungarian party repeatedly declared that “the time has not come yet.” One of the speakers at the assembly was Rosika Schwimmer (1877-1948), a Hungarian feminist and suffrage activist, talking during the assembly as a representative of the Hungarian Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete). The author describes how determined Schwimmer was to talk, even though many opposed it. After the speech, some men on the street led the discussion about Schwimmer’s talk; a Hungarian man spoke out against Schwimmer, while a Serbian man was supportive. A socialist speaker from Budapest was speaking against Rosika Schwimmer, saying that she was not welcome on the assemblies of men. Finally, the author reminds the reader of the recent bloody demonstrations in Budapest (probably 23 May 1912, a mass demonstration for universal suffrage in Budapest called afterwards “Bloody Thursday”), where many had been killed and injured, including several Serbian women. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Empire and Feminism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Socialism; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Budapest Show more Show less

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Okólnik XVI

written by Anioła Krzyżanowska, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 43) (18 November 1915) , 1 page(s)

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TITLE: Circular XVI (Cracow, November 18th, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national econ... TITLE: Circular XVI (Cracow, November 18th, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was arepresentative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question.” The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The ‘Okólnik XVI (Kraków, w dnia 18 listopada 1915) [Circular XVI (Cracow, November 18th, 1915]’ signed by Anioła Krzyżanowska, secretaire, and Wanda Bileska for the chairwomen of the Women’s League announced a collection for legionaries. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Cracow Show more Show less

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Slovensky – naše nejbližší sestry (3)

written by Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová, 1859-1941, in Ženský svět [Women's world], Vol. 1, No. 3, January 20, 1897, pp. 36-37 (1897), 2 page(s)

TITLE: Slovak Women - Our Closest Sisters. DESCRIPTION: This article is one of a series published by Vilma Sokolová (Seidlová) (1859-1941) in Ženský svět [Women’s World]. Sokolová (Seidlová) was a Czech teacher, cultural worker, journalist, poet, author of children's works, and translator from Slavic-lang...

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Slovensky – naše nejbližší sestry (6)

written by Vilma Sokolová-Seidlová, 1859-1941, in Ženský svět [Women's world], Vol. 1, No. 6, March 5, 1897, pp. 81-82 (1897), 2 page(s)

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Sprawozdanie z podróży do Amsterdamu od [?] do 14 grudnia, Kraków, 15.12.1915

written by Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 56-61) (15 December 1915) , 6 page(s)

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TITLE: Report on the Journey to Amsterdam from [?] to December 14, Cracow, December 15, 1915. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist... TITLE: Report on the Journey to Amsterdam from [?] to December 14, Cracow, December 15, 1915. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question.” The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The report “Sprawozdanie z podróży do Amsterdamuod [?] do 14 grudnia (Report on the journal to Amsterdam from [?] to December 14)” on her journey to Amsterdam in December 1915 again stresses the message that Polish independence is a necessary condition for a European peace order. Daszyńska-Golińska reflects on her success to convince the other delegates of the Polish issue. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; The Hague; Amsterdam; Europe Show more Show less

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