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Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in...
Sample
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of R...
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” which focused on women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Baritiu" County Library Brasov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. The Union of Romanian Women reunited approximatively half of the 60 independent Romanian women’s “Reunions” that had appeared in Transylvania since the 1850s. ¶ The speech laid out the purpose of a Union with “centralized power” to direct the activities of the adhering women’s Reunions in Hungary. The document also argued that the Union would direct the activities of women’s Reunions that would form in the future. The goals of the Union outlined by Baiulescu were promoting girls’ education, preserving peasant women’s handicraft traditions, raising “hardworking and thrifty wives and mothers,” promoting charitability among women, and creating a unified orphanage. Finally, according to Baiulescu, “through her disinterested social work woman is becoming an important factor even in states’ lives as only she is capable to resolve somewhat the humanitarian problem.” At first sight, the speech reaffirms and unifies the existing areas of activity of the Union’s members and places them within the politically uncontroversial frame of “republican motherhood.” However, concerning the context of this speech, the Romanian Women’s Union founding congress was scheduled to coincide with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest (3-5 June 1913). Whereas Saxon and Hungarian women’s associations in Transylvania were visible participants at the IWSA Congress, the newly-formed Union abstained from organized participation. The abstention was due to a “silenced or veiled” (but, nevertheless, present) suffrage politics pursued by the Transylvanian Romanian women’s movement in Hungary, one that may have been carried aut through the Romanian National Party’s advocating universal suffrage in the Hungarian Parliament, largely because of governemntal restrictions against minorities associational life in the Kingdom of Hungary ¶ This document points to the existence of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary and the tendencies towards centralization of disparate women’s associations, occurring by the 1910s. Secondly, Baiulescu’s speech reveals the rhetoric that masked the transnational connections and internationally convergent politics some politically-minded Transylvanian Romanian women, although, perhaps, not Maria Baiulescu herself, were pursuing at the time. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labor; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA).
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Su...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Romanians
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Deputace českých žen v říšském parlamentě
in Právo ženy [Woman's Right], Vol. 1, no. 20, July 22, 1911, pp. 1-2 (1911), 2 page(s)
TITLE: Deputation of Czech Women in the Imperial Parliament. DESCRIPTION: Právo ženy [Woman’s Right] was a women’s newspaper written in Czech language and published in Brno, the centre of the region Moravia, between 1911 and 1913. Moravia was a crown land of Austria (Cisleithania). The newspaper focused on t...
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in Právo ženy [Woman's Right], Vol. 1, no. 20, July 22, 1911, pp. 1-2 (1911), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Deputation of Czech Women in the Imperial Parliament. DESCRIPTION: Právo ženy [Woman’s Right] was a women’s newspaper written in Czech language and published in Brno, the centre of the region Moravia, between 1911 and 1913. Moravia was a crown land of Austria (Cisleithania). The newspaper focused on the question of women’s political rights. Its editor was Zdenka Wiedermanová-Motyčková (1868-1915), teacher and founder of liberal...
TITLE: Deputation of Czech Women in the Imperial Parliament. DESCRIPTION: Právo ženy [Woman’s Right] was a women’s newspaper written in Czech language and published in Brno, the centre of the region Moravia, between 1911 and 1913. Moravia was a crown land of Austria (Cisleithania). The newspaper focused on the question of women’s political rights. Its editor was Zdenka Wiedermanová-Motyčková (1868-1915), teacher and founder of liberal feminist association Zemská organizace pokrokových žen na Moravě [Provincial Association of Progressive Women in Moravia]. The association established in 1910, became the umbrella organization of most of the political activities of Moravian Czech speaking middle class feminists, mostly referred to as Moravian progressive women. Výbor pro volební právo žen [Committee for Women's Voting Rights] was a group of women which since the end of 1905 coordinated the activities of the Czech speaking women’s suffragists in Bohemia, another crown land of Austria. The article deals with the visit of the delegation of Czech suffragists from the Committee for Women's Voting Rights and Provincial Association of Progressive Women in Moravia and the representatives of Czech women in Lower Austria at the Austrian parliament (Reichsrat) on July 17, 1911, the day when the session of the newly elected parliament started. The delegation asked for the extension of the “universal and equal” suffrage to women. The author describes the reception of the delegation by the prime minister Paul Gautsch and by the Czech members of the parliament (among others František Fiedler, Václav Klofáč, František Udržal, Antonín Němec, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Adolf Stránský). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Empire and Feminism; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Habsburg Empire
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Date Published / Released
22 July 1911, 1911
Person Discussed
Adolf Stránský, 1855-1931, Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, 1850-1937, Antonín Němec, 1858-1926, František Udržal, 1866-1938, Václav Klofáč, 1868-1942, František Fiedler, 1858-1925, Paul Gautsch, 1851-1918, Zdenka Wiedermanová-Motyčková, 1868-1915
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Empire and Feminism, Human Rights, Czechs
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Die Frauenfragen
(Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelberg), in Im Kampf um Brot und Geist. Darstellungen aus Leben und Entwicklung der deutschen Frau Siebenbürgens [In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman]. (Sibiu, 1927), pp. 278-296 (1927), 20 page(s)
TITLE: “Women’s Question,” in _In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman _. DESCRIPTION: The paper, from a 1927 volume, briefly sketches out the biographies of three outstanding Transylvanian Saxon women activists from the pre-World...
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(Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelberg), in Im Kampf um Brot und Geist. Darstellungen aus Leben und Entwicklung der deutschen Frau Siebenbürgens [In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman]. (Sibiu, 1927), pp. 278-296 (1927), 20 page(s)
Description
TITLE: “Women’s Question,” in _In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman _. DESCRIPTION: The paper, from a 1927 volume, briefly sketches out the biographies of three outstanding Transylvanian Saxon women activists from the pre-World War I period: Luise Geifrig-Korodi, Marie Stritt and Adele Zay. Luise Geifrig-Korodi, the sister of Transylvanian Saxon politician Lutz...
TITLE: “Women’s Question,” in _In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman _. DESCRIPTION: The paper, from a 1927 volume, briefly sketches out the biographies of three outstanding Transylvanian Saxon women activists from the pre-World War I period: Luise Geifrig-Korodi, Marie Stritt and Adele Zay. Luise Geifrig-Korodi, the sister of Transylvanian Saxon politician Lutz Korodi, studied photography at the Lette-Verein in Berlin and opened her own atelier in the same city in 1894. She mainly worked for illustrated magazines, specializing on cityscapes, the social documentary genre, and portraits of famous people in work settings. She was also elected to the executive committee of the Union for Germandom Abroad (Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland). Marie Stritt (1855-1928) was a Saxon woman who achieved even greater prominence abroad. She was born in Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Segesvár into the family of Joseph and Therese Bacon, him an art-loving physician and her the hostess of a women’s salon and a promoter of feminist ideas. Having settled in Dresden upon marrying a German citizen, Stritt embarked on a public career to criticize the country’s outdated family law and to found the Women’s Legal Protection League (Rechtsschutzverein für Frauen). She was elected to the board of the Union of German Women’s Associations (Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine), which she later also presided for ten years. She rose to wider fame as the representative of the German women’s movement at international events. She also led the Imperial Society for Women’s Suffrage (Deutscher Verband für Frauenstimmrecht) between 1911 and 1919. Adele Zay (1848-1928) was the one of the three who spent most of her life in Transylvania. Zay traveled widely in Europe and increasingly advocated women’s equality and suffrage. She was a leading representative of the General Women’s Association of the Transylvanian Evangelical Church (Augustan Confession) (Allgemeiner Frauenverein der evangelischen Landeskirche A.B. in Siebenbürgen), founded in 1884. Sister of the later liberal politician Adolf Zay, she started her professional career teaching French and German in a Bucharest orphanage in the early 1870s, only later to receive proper training as a teacher in Vienna and Szeged. For several decades, she taught prospective kindergarten teachers in Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. She stood at the forefront of the struggle for the employment of female teachers within Transylvanian Evangelical Church, and she correspondended with leading figures of the German women’s movement. She was also co-author of a textbook of Hungarian for students of German civil schools (Bürgerschulen). KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Struggle between Nations in the Empire; Empire and Feminism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Child Care; Women and Education; Women as Teachers; Political and Human Rights; Family Rights; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Date Published / Released
1927
Person Discussed
Marie Stritt, 1855-1928, Luise Geifrig-Korodi, fl. 1927
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Human Rights, Family Rights, Empire and Education, Women as Teachers, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Romanians, Germans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Die sozialen Arbeitsgebiete der sächsischen Frauen und die Politik
written by Meta Römer-Neubner, 1869- (Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelber), in Die Karpaten, Vol. 5 no. 24, 1913, pp. 747-759 (1913), 13 page(s)
TITLE: The Domains of Saxon Women’s Social Work and Politics. DESCRIPTION: Meta Römer-Neubner (1869-?), daughter of Catholic parents, was a music teacher and activist the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. In this article from 1913, the author reviews some Transylvanian Saxon responses to the Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Se...
Sample
written by Meta Römer-Neubner, 1869- (Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelber), in Die Karpaten, Vol. 5 no. 24, 1913, pp. 747-759 (1913), 13 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Domains of Saxon Women’s Social Work and Politics. DESCRIPTION: Meta Römer-Neubner (1869-?), daughter of Catholic parents, was a music teacher and activist the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. In this article from 1913, the author reviews some Transylvanian Saxon responses to the Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Segesvár-born Marie Stritt’s advocacy of women’s suffrage at a German women’s congress in 1912 (Der Deutsche Frauenkongress, Berli...
TITLE: The Domains of Saxon Women’s Social Work and Politics. DESCRIPTION: Meta Römer-Neubner (1869-?), daughter of Catholic parents, was a music teacher and activist the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. In this article from 1913, the author reviews some Transylvanian Saxon responses to the Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Segesvár-born Marie Stritt’s advocacy of women’s suffrage at a German women’s congress in 1912 (Der Deutsche Frauenkongress, Berlin, 27. Februar bis 2. März 1912). An article in the Siebenbürgisch-Deutsches Tageblatt and Karl Jickeli in Die Karpaten opposed women’s suffrage and branded it as a threat to the Saxon family and nationality. Adele Zay, on the other hand, reporting on the conference for Kronstädter Zeitung, pointed out that far from solely a women’s issue, the struggle for suffrage was also part of a march towards the rule of universal humanist values. Römer-Neubner moves on to quote at length from Catechism of the Women’s Movement (Katechismus der Frauenbewegung), a pamphlet by Karl Wolff published in Leipzig, to emphasize the growing support for the idea in mainstream German politics. She rhetorically asks whether “we are fifty years behind civilized countries,” only to disclaim this proposition by pointing to the great progress that women’s movement has made in Transylvania. She mentions, for instance, the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó-based Association of Female Trade Employees (Verein der weiblichen Handelsbeflissenen, called here Verein weiblicher Handelsangestellter), founded in 1909. She argues that improved means of communication have made it easier to cooperate with Western feminists, referring to Transylvanian Saxon women’s rights activists’ contacts with feminists from Germany, and she reminds her readers of the opportunity that the upcoming seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), which will be held in Budapest in June 1913, will offer. KEYWORDS: Empire and Feminism; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements and Other Actors beyond Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labour; Habsburg Empire; Hungary.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Meta Römer-Neubner, 1869-
Date Published / Released
1913
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Non-aligned Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Germans, Romanians, Hungarians
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Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Tr...
Sample
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party le...
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially with the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894 and the following “Memorandum trial.” Dorina Rațiu (1874?-1904) was a nationalist activist and the youngest daughter of Emilia Rațiu and Ioan Rațiu. ¶ In this letter, Dionisie Vaida expresses his sympathy for the family’s difficulties following Ion Rațiu’s imprisonment in Szeged. He also expresses surprise that Emilia and Dorina Rațiu were also summoned in front of the courts while in Szeged. Emilia Rațiu and her entire family lived in Szeged during the year-long imprisonment of Ioan Rațiu in the city. Rațiu was pardoned by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1895. The summons in front of the court Vaida references was connected to an incident which had involved several young women in the Sibiu/Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben train station and several gendarmes. Several women, including Emilia and Dorina Rațiu, had gathered in the station to welcome the returning, recently-sentenced Memorandum men. Gendarmes had asked the women to remove the Romanian tri-color flags they were wearing pinned to their dresses. The women’s refusal and opposition to the gendarmes brought them in front of the local courts in February 1895. In the absence of the two Rațiu women, the trial was indefinitely postponed. The young women present in the courthouse in Sibiu were congratulated for their staunch refusal, and the event was widely reported in the Romanian press. Vaida’s letter highlights Transylvanian Romanian women’s involvement in increasingly confrontational activism toward Hungarian authorities in the tense period after the Memorandum episode. The document also draws attention to sources which show Transylvanian women’s use of well-established repertories of nationalism in Austria-Hungary and beyond. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Courts and trials; Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
05 February 1895, 1895
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Political and Human Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, National Identity, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Hungarians, Romanians
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Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916
written by József Szalay, 1870-1937 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (29 June 1916) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its yout...
Sample
written by József Szalay, 1870-1937 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (29 June 1916) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its youth group. The innocent topics of the planned presentations notwithstanding, the local policy authority denies permission, pointing to th...
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its youth group. The innocent topics of the planned presentations notwithstanding, the local policy authority denies permission, pointing to the “political character” of the program. See also, “Mrs. Imre Turcsányi to Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged), Szeged, 27 June 1916” (Letter, Szeged, June 27, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; “Mrs. Dr. Jenö Erdélyi and Mrs. Imre Turcsányi, Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association of Szeged to Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Szeged, 2 July 1916” (Letter, Szeged, July 2, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; “Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Igen tisztelt Tagtárs! [[Feminist Association of Szeged to Valued Member], Szeged, 17 July 1916” (Letter, Szeged, July 17, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; World War I; Suppression of Women’s War Time Activism; Liberal-Progressive Women’s Movement Spreading all over Hungary; Habsburg Empire
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
29 June 1916, 1916
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
József Szalay, 1870-1937
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Non-aligned Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Drugi kongres československih ženskinja
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 9, January 9, 1908, pp. 193-196 (1908), 4 page(s)
TITLE: The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women. DESCRIPTION: This report discusses the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Wo...
Sample
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 23, no. 9, January 9, 1908, pp. 193-196 (1908), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women. DESCRIPTION: This report discusses the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian...
TITLE: The Second Congress of Czechoslovak Women. DESCRIPTION: This report discusses the second congress of Czechoslovak women held in Prague (Praha, Prag) in 1908. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The editor of the journal was Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and who was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad in 1874. The article claims that the second congress of Czechoslovak women was organized on the occasion of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of Francis Joseph’s reign, and reports that several pan-Slavic congresses have been organized on the occasion with the aim to strengthen the cooperation in the cultural and economic sphere. Delfa Ivanić (1881-1972) from Belgrade and Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1957) from Zagreb participated in the congress and were elected honorary vice-presidents of the congress. The congress discussed questions such as women’s position in society, family, state and culture. The report praises the Slavic cooperation and in closing discusses the possibilities of organizing the congress of Serbian women “on this side” (meaning, in Austria-Hungary rather than Serbia), which, according to some, should have occurred before the Chzechoslovak women’s congress. For the speech held by Delfa Ivanić on the occasion, see Delfa Ivanić, “Govor g-đe Delfe Ivanićke na kongresu slovenskih žena, koji je održan u Pragu o.g. (1) [The speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the congress of Slavic women held in Prague this year (1)],” Ženski svet, January 10, 1908; and Delfa Ivanić, “Govor g-đe Delfe Ivanićke na kongresu slovenskih žena, koji je održan u Pragu o.g. (2) [The Speech of Mrs Delfa Ivanić at the Congress of Slavic Women held in Prague This Year (2)],” Ženski svet, January 11, 1908. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Second Congress of Czechoslovak women; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Women and Statehood; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women and Statehood; Empire and Feminism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Suffrage; Equal Rights for Women; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Austria; Novi Sad; Vojvodina; Serbia; Prague; Bohemia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women
Date Published / Released
09 January 1908, 1908
Person Discussed
Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, Delfa Ivanić, 1881-1972, Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Nationality Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Croatians, Serbians, Slavs, Czechs
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Díl I. Svůj k svému
written by Františka Plamínková, 1875-1942, in Naše snahy [Our Endeavours], by Františka Plamínková. (Prague: Ženský klub český, 1906). pp. 5-19 (1906), 15 page(s)
TITLE: Part I: To Each Their Own, in Our Endeavours. DESCRIPTION: This selection is the first part of a larger brochure titled, Our Endeavours. The brochure published by Ženský klub český [The Czech Women's Club] aims to persuade Czechs, especially Czech women, to buy Czech products and thereby support the Cze...
Sample
written by Františka Plamínková, 1875-1942, in Naše snahy [Our Endeavours], by Františka Plamínková. (Prague: Ženský klub český, 1906). pp. 5-19 (1906), 15 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Part I: To Each Their Own, in Our Endeavours. DESCRIPTION: This selection is the first part of a larger brochure titled, Our Endeavours. The brochure published by Ženský klub český [The Czech Women's Club] aims to persuade Czechs, especially Czech women, to buy Czech products and thereby support the Czech industry. The association Ženský klub český was founded by Czech speaking women’s activists in Prague, Bohemia in 1903. It sup...
TITLE: Part I: To Each Their Own, in Our Endeavours. DESCRIPTION: This selection is the first part of a larger brochure titled, Our Endeavours. The brochure published by Ženský klub český [The Czech Women's Club] aims to persuade Czechs, especially Czech women, to buy Czech products and thereby support the Czech industry. The association Ženský klub český was founded by Czech speaking women’s activists in Prague, Bohemia in 1903. It supported women’s emancipation and functioned as women’s social and educational centre till 1938. The brochure was written by one of its main representatives, liberal feminist and teacher Františka Plamínková (1875-1942) in collaboration with another liberal feminist and teacher Marie Tůmová (1867-1926). The text is written from the perspective of Czech economic nationalism. It assesses the current state of the Czech industry in the context of the multinational Monarchy, analyses in detail the reasons why it is necessary to support the Czech economy. It outlines the methods of raising the awareness of the Czech public in this matter and names possible forms of support. The text shows that nationalism was an integral part of Czech liberal feminist activism. The brochure presents the Czech nation as small nation weakened by two hundred years of subjection. According to the text the economy can serve both national oppression and nation-building and the national emancipation. The support of the national industry is presented as a national duty. The brochure also refers to the link between national consciousness and women's emancipation. As it points out, women, the main purchasers, are often criticized for national unconsciousness by those who at the same time reject the concept of women’s emancipation. According to the text, only if women have equal access to education, they will be able to work for the national interest. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Economic Nationalism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Cisleithania
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Author / Creator
Františka Plamínková, 1875-1942
Date Published / Released
1906
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Development, Political and Human Rights, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Feminism, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Economic Development, Social and Cultural Rights, Czechs
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Egy percz
written by Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, in Obzor, no. 251, October 31, 1896, p. NA (1896), 2 page(s)
TITLE: One Minute. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and the most popular Croatian writer. In this short newspaper article, the author, identified as (female) patriot, describes her train travel from the regio...
Sample
written by Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957, in Obzor, no. 251, October 31, 1896, p. NA (1896), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: One Minute. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and the most popular Croatian writer. In this short newspaper article, the author, identified as (female) patriot, describes her train travel from the region of Syrmia to Zagreb. She criticizes the use of Hungarian and German languages on railways, since passengers in Syrmia and Slavonia, m...
TITLE: One Minute. DESCRIPTION: Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873-1956) was Croatian feminist, the first female political journalist, editor of women’s magazines, and the most popular Croatian writer. In this short newspaper article, the author, identified as (female) patriot, describes her train travel from the region of Syrmia to Zagreb. She criticizes the use of Hungarian and German languages on railways, since passengers in Syrmia and Slavonia, mostly peasants, do not understand the announcements and often miss their destination where the train stops only for a minute (“egypercz” in Hungarian). Also referring to the introduction of Hungarian language in gymnasia in Croatia, the author ends the article with the critique of pro-Croatian politicians who fight among themselves for leadership, while the pro-Hungarian party accommodates “the descendants of Arpad.” This article, one of the firsts that Marija Jurić Zagorka published in the daily Obzor in 1896, marks the beginning of her career as the first female political journalist in Croatia. It attracted the attention of the influential Croatian bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who then helped Jurić to get the position of journalist in charge of Hungarian politics in Obzor, where she would work until the end of the First World War. It demonstrates well her life-long interest in national issues, mainstream politics (a rarity among Croatian women active in the public space), and her concern for working classes. The article also presents the every day experience of the railways as an imperial institution. Keywords: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and National Languages; Women Challenging Empire; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Work and Class Identity; Class Discrimination; Habsburg Empire
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Marija Jurić Zagorka, 1873-1957
Date Published / Released
1896
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Class Discrimination, Opposition to Imperialism, Indigenous Languages, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movemen...
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Immigration, Social Reform and Political Activism, Work and Class Identity, Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Nationality Rights, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Class Discrimination, Opposition to Imperialism, Indigenous Languages, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Croatians
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Egyesült Erovel. A Magyarországi Noegyesületek Szövetségének és a szövetséget alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlö...
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 1, November-December 1909 (Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1909), 24 page(s)
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. 1, November-December 1909. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarc...
Sample
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 1, November-December 1909 (Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1909), 24 page(s)
Description
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. 1, November-December 1909. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this di...
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. 1, November-December 1909. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive. As indicated in its subtitle, Egyesült Erővel (With United Forces) was the Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary (Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetsége) and most of the associations forming the alliance. The alliance was established in 1904 and had 78 members in 1909. The journal gives information on the activities of the alliance, including its general assemblies and the activities of many Hungarian women’s associations. Repeatedly mentioned, among others, are the Budapest Israelite Women’s Association (Budapesti Izraelita Nőegylet) and other Jewish women’s associations, the Hungarian Welfare Women’s Association of Brassó [Brasov, Kronstadt] (Brassói Magyar Jótékony Nőegylet), the Klotild Assocation for the Marketing of Women’s Work (A női munkát értékesitő Klotild egylet), the National Association of Hungarian Farmer Women (Magyar Gazdasszonyok Országos Egyesülete), the Maria Dorothea Association (Mária Dorothea Egyesület), the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző Egyesület), the Hungarian Association against the Traffic in Girls (Magyar Egyesület a Leánykereskedés ellen), the National Association of Woman Employees (Nőtisztviselők Országos Egyesülete), the National Catholic Association for the Protection of Women (Országos Kath. Nővédő Egyesület), and the Tabitha Women’s Association (Tabitha-Nőegylet). ¶ Egyesült Erővel regularly reported on congresses, news, and activities related to international organizations, including those by and for women and women’s movements of other countries. The journal published articles about various questions, institutions, and activities considered relevant for the women’s movement and women’s organizing in Hungary, in other countries, and in transnational perspective. It also included book reviews. The journal thus constitutes a key source of information in particular on the history of the more moderate wing of the Hungarian women’s movement and its international context. Non-Hungarian women’s activism in the Hungarian Kingdom is barely mentioned (see vol. 2, July-October 1911, p. 126); therefore, silenced in the journal. The organizations of social-democratic women were not covered by the journal. The liberal-progressive Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) was a member of the Alliance and is repeatedly mentioned. The Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) published its own journal, however, which is available online elsewhere. The journals of the social democratic women, Nőmunkás (Woman Worker) and the Catholic women’s movement, Értesítő (Information), are partially available in this digital archive. KEYWORDS: Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Auguszta Rosenberg; Ilona Szemere; Flóra Kozma Mrs. Perczel; Anna Buzogány; Margit Krajner; Ilka Gőth
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Date Published / Released
1909
Publisher
Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary
Series
Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary]
Person Discussed
Ilka Gőth, fl. 1911, Margit Krajner, fl. 1911, Anna Buzogány, fl. 1911, Flóra Kozma, Ilona Szemere, fl. 1910, Auguszta Rosenberg, 1859-1946
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Hungarians
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