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Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femeilor Române spre ajutoriulu crescerei fetitieloru orfane scl si actele acesteia: Partea II. pentr...
written by Maria Nicolau, fl. 1854 (Brașov, Brașov County: Römer and Kamner (Publisher), 1854), 48 page(s)
TITLE: Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part II, Year III. DESCRIPTION: This document is the second part of a two-part account included in this digital archive. For Part I, see Maria Nicolau, Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femei...
written by Maria Nicolau, fl. 1854 (Brașov, Brașov County: Römer and Kamner (Publisher), 1854), 48 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part II, Year III. DESCRIPTION: This document is the second part of a two-part account included in this digital archive. For Part I, see Maria Nicolau, Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femeilor Române spre ajutoriulu crescerei fetitieloru orfane scl si actele acesteia: Partea I. pentru anulu I si II [Public Account for the...
TITLE: Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part II, Year III. DESCRIPTION: This document is the second part of a two-part account included in this digital archive. For Part I, see Maria Nicolau, Computu public alu fondului Reuniunei Femeilor Române spre ajutoriulu crescerei fetitieloru orfane scl si actele acesteia: Partea I. pentru anulu I si II [Public Account for the Fund of the Reunion of Romanian Women to Aid in Raising Orphan Girls, etc., and its Acts: Part I, Year I and II] (Brasov: Römer & Kamner, 1853). Reports, accounts and transcribed documents by and for the Reuniunea Femeilor Române/Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov covering the first four years of its existence (1850-1854). The Reuniunea Femeilor Române/Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt was founded in 1850. Its initial goal was to support and educate orphaned girls. From 1880, it focused more on providing a Romanian-language education for middle-class girls. In its first decade of functioning, the Reunion opened a primary school for girls in Brasov and a handiwork school in the neighboring, smaller town of Blaj. Later, it organized a boarding school. A later account of the political and social context in which the Reunion was founded and functioned in its first two decades, was published by its then President in 1870. The Reunion mobilized an impressive support network in aristocratic and merchant families in the Empire and counted, on average, 100 local members throughout its existence This document provides details on the circumstances in which the Brasov Reunion was founded, its initial goals and the reasons provided for women’s growing social involvement. It shows that in a period considered repressive towards civil society organizing in the whole of the Habsburg Empire, because of the aftermath of the 1848-1849 Revolution, Romanian speaking upper-middle class women in the city considered themselves “secure [enough] under the Austrian scepter” to create an association. The transcribed speeches, meeting protocols, and accounting books for the years 1850-1854 show that the Reunion admitted members regardless of confession, organized collections throughout the region and deposited its capital in different investments, using the interest obtained to support up to a dozen girls. This Yearbook for the period 1850-1854 reveals that founders aimed to work “to the benefit of offering a more solid upbringing to our sex, and especially to the orphans of martyrs of the faith from the past revolution.” They obtained the support of the Austrian governor of Transylvania Ludwig von Wohlgemuth and a donation from his spouse, Sofia Wohlgemuth; they also named several noble women from Austria and neighboring territories inhabited by Romanians as patrons. Interestingly, the Yearbook highlights a number of discourses motivating Transylvanian Romanian women’s involvement in the relatively novel domain of civic associations. In letters, speeches and reports republished in the book, they argued that: they were “following the example of other European ladies,” that women should prove that they understand and support their husbands’ struggle for nationality rights, that girls’ upbringing needed to be better suited to the “new life of the present century,” and that the context calls on women to add social concerns to their domestic duties. The document offers an insight into the beginnings of Romanian women’s associations in Transylvania, the mobilization techniques they used, their relatively comfortable relationship with Habsburg authorities during the neo-absolutism of the 1850s and the intellectual genealogy of ideas about women’s social contributions through education. ¶ The ulterior evolution of the Reunion (up until its disbandment in 1939) is mirrored in several other items included in this digital archive: see, Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brasov, “Propecta [Proposal for Modified Statutes of the Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brașov]” (Statutes, Brașov, 1861), 5150/1861, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff. 1-3, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov; Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brașov, “Regulament. Pentru internatul de fetite ax reuniunii femeilor române din Brasov [Regulations: For the Girls’ Boarding School of the Reunion of the Romanian Women in Brașov]” (Policy, Brașov, României, January 1, 1888), 5747/1888, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff.1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov; Reuniunea Femeilor Române Brașov, “Simțindu-se încă de mult lipsa unei scóle practice, 6 iunie 1893 [Given the Lack of a Practical School: Statutes, 6 June 1893, with Penciled Comments by the Representative of the Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs, November 1894]” (Statutes, Brașov, November 1894), 5904/1893 and 5960/1783, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff. 4-10, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov; and Reuniunea Femeilor Romane Brasov, “Raportul [Report of the Committee of the Reunion of Romanian Women to the General Assembly held on 11/23 October 1892]” (Report, Brașov, October 11, 1892), 5864/1892, Fond 1299, Societatea Reuniunea Femeilor Romane din Brasov, ff.1-2, Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Serviciul Judetean al Arhivelor Nationale Brasov. Keywords: Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Imperial Identity; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Women and Education; Access to Primary Education/Literacy; Gendered Education; Habsburg Empire; Reunion of Romanian Women/Reuniunea Femeilor Române; Funds and Donations; Political mobilization; Neo-absolutism; Habsburg Empire; Transylvania
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Book
Author / Creator
Maria Nicolau, fl. 1854
Date Published / Released
1854
Publisher
Römer and Kamner (Publisher)
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Gendered Education, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Opposition to Imperialism, Social and Political Leadership, Social and Cul...
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Indigenous Women, Equal Rights for Women, Empire and Feminism, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Gendered Education, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Opposition to Imperialism, Social and Political Leadership, Social and Cultural Rights, Romanians
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Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of R...
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” which focused on women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Baritiu" County Library Brasov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. The Union of Romanian Women reunited approximatively half of the 60 independent Romanian women’s “Reunions” that had appeared in Transylvania since the 1850s. ¶ The speech laid out the purpose of a Union with “centralized power” to direct the activities of the adhering women’s Reunions in Hungary. The document also argued that the Union would direct the activities of women’s Reunions that would form in the future. The goals of the Union outlined by Baiulescu were promoting girls’ education, preserving peasant women’s handicraft traditions, raising “hardworking and thrifty wives and mothers,” promoting charitability among women, and creating a unified orphanage. Finally, according to Baiulescu, “through her disinterested social work woman is becoming an important factor even in states’ lives as only she is capable to resolve somewhat the humanitarian problem.” At first sight, the speech reaffirms and unifies the existing areas of activity of the Union’s members and places them within the politically uncontroversial frame of “republican motherhood.” However, concerning the context of this speech, the Romanian Women’s Union founding congress was scheduled to coincide with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest (3-5 June 1913). Whereas Saxon and Hungarian women’s associations in Transylvania were visible participants at the IWSA Congress, the newly-formed Union abstained from organized participation. The abstention was due to a “silenced or veiled” (but, nevertheless, present) suffrage politics pursued by the Transylvanian Romanian women’s movement in Hungary, one that may have been carried aut through the Romanian National Party’s advocating universal suffrage in the Hungarian Parliament, largely because of governemntal restrictions against minorities associational life in the Kingdom of Hungary ¶ This document points to the existence of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary and the tendencies towards centralization of disparate women’s associations, occurring by the 1910s. Secondly, Baiulescu’s speech reveals the rhetoric that masked the transnational connections and internationally convergent politics some politically-minded Transylvanian Romanian women, although, perhaps, not Maria Baiulescu herself, were pursuing at the time. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labor; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA).
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Su...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Romanians
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Deshcho pro ideiu zhinochoho rukhu
written by Olha Kobylianska, 1863-1942 (L’vivs’ka natsional’na naukova biblioteka Ukrainy imeni Vasylia Stefanyka (Stefanyk National Science Library, L’viv) 20604) (Kolomyya, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast: Drukarniia M. Bilousa, 1894), 14 page(s)
TITLE: Something About the Idea of the Feminist Movement. DESCRIPTION: The brochure contains a speech of still famous Ukrainian author Ol’ha Kobylians’ka (1863-1942) hold at the founding meeting of the “Tovarystvorus’kychzhinoknaBukovyni (Association of Ruthenian Women in Bukovina)” in Chernivtsi in 1894...
written by Olha Kobylianska, 1863-1942 (L’vivs’ka natsional’na naukova biblioteka Ukrainy imeni Vasylia Stefanyka (Stefanyk National Science Library, L’viv) 20604) (Kolomyya, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast: Drukarniia M. Bilousa, 1894), 14 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Something About the Idea of the Feminist Movement. DESCRIPTION: The brochure contains a speech of still famous Ukrainian author Ol’ha Kobylians’ka (1863-1942) hold at the founding meeting of the “Tovarystvorus’kychzhinoknaBukovyni (Association of Ruthenian Women in Bukovina)” in Chernivtsi in 1894. It was published by Mykhailo Pavlyk (1853-1915), socialist and author, founder of the Ukrainian socialist peasant’s Party (Rus’ko...
TITLE: Something About the Idea of the Feminist Movement. DESCRIPTION: The brochure contains a speech of still famous Ukrainian author Ol’ha Kobylians’ka (1863-1942) hold at the founding meeting of the “Tovarystvorus’kychzhinoknaBukovyni (Association of Ruthenian Women in Bukovina)” in Chernivtsi in 1894. It was published by Mykhailo Pavlyk (1853-1915), socialist and author, founder of the Ukrainian socialist peasant’s Party (Rus’ko-Ukrains’kaRadykal’naPartiia). Kobylians’ka was mainly self educated. She belonged to the association and was in contact with many Ukrainian intelectuals of Galicia, namely the author and feminist Natalia Ozarkevych Kobryns’ka (1851-1920). Kobylians’ka explained the Ukrainian women’s movement and its ideas which she connected to Western European feminism. First, she rejected the limitation of women’s roles to wifes and mothers in the Galician society in general butamong women as well. Then, the author pointed out the relevance of women’s emancipation for (Ukrainian) women from the middle classes and substantiated it with the situation of single women. She demanded not only higher education and waged work but also the same rights as men in the name of humanity, justice and individual freedom for all women and stresses the fight of women’s movements in Western Europe as a model for Ukrainian women. The speech ended with an appeal on sisterhood and unification and the promise of a better future. KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Empire and Feminism; Women Interacting with Women beyond Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Galicia/Western Ukraine; Bukovina
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Olha Kobylianska, 1863-1942
Date Published / Released
1894
Publisher
Drukarniia M. Bilousa
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, National Identity, Relations with Imperial Women, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Empire and Feminism, Equal Rights for Women, Ukrainians
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Die Polinnen und der Krieg
written by Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 23-27) (1915) , 5 page(s)
TITLE: Polish Women and the War. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s...
written by Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 23-27) (1915) , 5 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Polish Women and the War. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalök...
TITLE: Polish Women and the War. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace”, since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom”. The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question”. The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The typescript “Die Polinnen und der Krieg (Polish Women and the War)” and the handwritten manuscript “Berichtüber die Friedensarbeit der polnischen Frauen (Report on Peace Activities of Polish Women)”describe the activities of the Women’s League: collecting money for war literature, work in the military hospitals, cultural work to strengthen the national consciousness. It explains why though these activities supported the war they nevertheless belonged to the peace activities of the international women’s organizations: the importance of Polish independence for a new European order. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; The Hague
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1915
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Human Rights, Social and Cultural Rights, National Identity, Nationalism and Independence Movements, International Peace, Polish, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Tr...
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party le...
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially with the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894 and the following “Memorandum trial.” Dorina Rațiu (1874?-1904) was a nationalist activist and the youngest daughter of Emilia Rațiu and Ioan Rațiu. ¶ In this letter, Dionisie Vaida expresses his sympathy for the family’s difficulties following Ion Rațiu’s imprisonment in Szeged. He also expresses surprise that Emilia and Dorina Rațiu were also summoned in front of the courts while in Szeged. Emilia Rațiu and her entire family lived in Szeged during the year-long imprisonment of Ioan Rațiu in the city. Rațiu was pardoned by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1895. The summons in front of the court Vaida references was connected to an incident which had involved several young women in the Sibiu/Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben train station and several gendarmes. Several women, including Emilia and Dorina Rațiu, had gathered in the station to welcome the returning, recently-sentenced Memorandum men. Gendarmes had asked the women to remove the Romanian tri-color flags they were wearing pinned to their dresses. The women’s refusal and opposition to the gendarmes brought them in front of the local courts in February 1895. In the absence of the two Rațiu women, the trial was indefinitely postponed. The young women present in the courthouse in Sibiu were congratulated for their staunch refusal, and the event was widely reported in the Romanian press. Vaida’s letter highlights Transylvanian Romanian women’s involvement in increasingly confrontational activism toward Hungarian authorities in the tense period after the Memorandum episode. The document also draws attention to sources which show Transylvanian women’s use of well-established repertories of nationalism in Austria-Hungary and beyond. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Courts and trials; Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
05 February 1895, 1895
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Political and Human Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, National Identity, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Hungarians, Romanians
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Discours de Mme le député Božena Viková-Kunetická sur les femmes et les petites nations, prononcé à la réunion 9 juin 1913 à Pragu
written by Božena Viková-Kuněticka, 1862-1934 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 51) (Prague, Stredoceský, 1913), 6 page(s)
TITLE: Speech of the Representative Mrs. Božena Viková-Kunĕtická on women and the small nations, given at the gathering on 9 June 1913 in Prague. DESCRIPTION: Print of a lengthy speech given by the author in front of women who on their travel to the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance...
written by Božena Viková-Kuněticka, 1862-1934 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 25 Folder 51) (Prague, Stredoceský, 1913), 6 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Speech of the Representative Mrs. Božena Viková-Kunĕtická on women and the small nations, given at the gathering on 9 June 1913 in Prague. DESCRIPTION: Print of a lengthy speech given by the author in front of women who on their travel to the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in Budapest 1913 have stopped over in Prague, and local public. Božena Viková-Kunětická (1862-1934) was a Czech speaking writer an...
TITLE: Speech of the Representative Mrs. Božena Viková-Kunĕtická on women and the small nations, given at the gathering on 9 June 1913 in Prague. DESCRIPTION: Print of a lengthy speech given by the author in front of women who on their travel to the seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in Budapest 1913 have stopped over in Prague, and local public. Božena Viková-Kunětická (1862-1934) was a Czech speaking writer and politician. In 1912, she was elected a deputy to the Bohemian Provincial Diet (the Bohemian regional parliament within Cisleithania), the first elected woman deputy in the Habsburg Monarchy. The curial electoral system to the Diet, in use since 1861, was based on tax and property qualifications and thus excluded a major part of the citizens on the basis of class. At the same time the regulations pertaining to the Bohemian Diet used gender neutral terms – some women thus were not deprived from the right to vote to the Diet, some were not explicitly excluded from the passive electoral right. Viková-Kunětická never took up the office because she did not receive the authorization from the governor and the Bohemian Provincial Diet was dissolved in 1913. In the same year, she refused to attend the congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) in Budapest after she hadn’t been allowed to give her speech in Czech or Slovak language – which were not the official languages of the congress – and after her proposition to include the protest against the situation of the Slovak nation in Hungary into the official program of the Congress hadn’t been taken into account by the organizers. The speech was given at the meeting on the occasion of the visit of some of the IWSA Budapest congress delegates in Prague on June 9, 1913. The Prague event had been preceded by pronounced tensions between her and the Hungarian organizers of the Budapest congress. ¶ Viková-Kunĕtická paints the situation of the Czech nation in the Habsburg Monarchy, or under the “Austro-Hungarian regime”, in extremely dark colors the progressive development of the Czech nation notwithstanding. The Slavic population in Hungary, forming an integral element of “our national life”, in some regards (education) is in an even worse situation. Viková-Kunĕtická talks about the tasks of the international feminist movement in general. While this movement focuses and has to focus on the feminist agenda, the Czech nation has given proof of its respect for women and their cause. She discusses the hostile Austrian reaction to her election. It would have been appropriate that she, as first Slavic woman elected in Austria-Hungary, would have had the opportunity to in front of the Budapest congress give voice to the accusations, hopes and views of the “Czech-Slavic women”, but she was not accredited. The Magyar organizing committee had refused to allow her to speak in Czech at the congress, arguing that – as Viková-Kunĕtická’s puts it in her speech – “it doesn’t pursue political goals”, and after that didn’t respond any longer to her repeated request. Viková-Kunĕtická discusses these circumstances in detail, describing the approach of the Magyar organizing committee as itself “political”. The feminist movement must be inclusive as to the small nations and their struggles. Pointing to the Slavic, Germans (Saxon) and Romanian population in the Hungarian Kingdom, Viková-Kunĕtická declares that the organizing committee and the Budapest congress as a whole have to respond to her related questions. She is convinced that the representatives of other dominated nations will inform the international women’s movements about the suffering of their peoples, and she restates her case that and why it is impossible for her to participate in the Budapest congress under the given circumstances. ¶ The speech, the complexity of which cannot be fully captured in this abstract, points to key problems of feminism defined as non-inclusive as to other political agendas, challenges such approaches as Viková-Kunĕtická conceives of them, and demands from the international women’s movement and the Hungarian organizers of the Budapest congress to productively engage with this challenge. KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Božena Viková-Kunĕtická; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSA, Budapest, 15-21 June 1913; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Transylvania; Saxons; Romanians; Slovakia; Austria; Bohemia; Slavic people
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Božena Viková-Kuněticka, 1862-1934
Date Published / Released
1913
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Empire and Feminism, Indigenous Languages, National Identity, Human Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Suffrage, Opposition to Imperialism, Germans, Slavs, Romanians
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Dr. Kornelija Rakić
written by Milica Tomić, fl. 1911, in Žena, Vol. 1, no. 1, 1911, p. NA (1911), 1 page(s)
TITLE: Medical Doctor Kornelija Rakić. DESCRIPTION: This is a biography of Kornelija Rakić, the first female medical doctor among the Serbs in Hungary. The author of this article is Milica Tomić (1859-1944), a writer, editor and a public activist for women’s rights born and based in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojv...
written by Milica Tomić, fl. 1911, in Žena, Vol. 1, no. 1, 1911, p. NA (1911), 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Medical Doctor Kornelija Rakić. DESCRIPTION: This is a biography of Kornelija Rakić, the first female medical doctor among the Serbs in Hungary. The author of this article is Milica Tomić (1859-1944), a writer, editor and a public activist for women’s rights born and based in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of th...
TITLE: Medical Doctor Kornelija Rakić. DESCRIPTION: This is a biography of Kornelija Rakić, the first female medical doctor among the Serbs in Hungary. The author of this article is Milica Tomić (1859-1944), a writer, editor and a public activist for women’s rights born and based in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. Milica Tomić published numerous works on the subject of women’s rights, education and emancipation. Her central endeavor was founding the periodical Žena (The Woman) in 1911, which she edited from 1911 until 1921 (because of the First World War, the periodical was not published from 1915 to 1917). In 1881, she was hired to work for the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women in Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). See, “Rad dobrotvornih zadruga [The Work of Charitable Cooperatives],” Ženski svet, January 5, 1886. In 1910, she initiated the establishment of the Women’s Reading Room ‘Posestrima’(Ženska čitaonica ‘Posestrima’, a descriptive translation is “the reading room where women become sisters”), where Serbian women of all classes would meet, read together and discuss what they had read. See, Milica Tomić, “Ženska čitaonica [Women’s Reading Room],” Žena, 1911. Milica Tomić cooperated with Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948), a prominent Hungarian feminist, and their correspondence was published in one of the issues of Žena. In the beginning of the article, Milica Tomić notices that in recent times, the doors of universities have become open for women. At the time of writing, there are already certain women who had received their PhD in philosophy, even medicine. Some women even practiced medicine without going to the medical school. Importantly, Tomić mentions that many women are shy to go to male doctors, so they remain ill; this is one of the reasons, adds Tomić, to celebrate the fact that women had finally started practicing medicine. Further on, she reports that Kornelija Rakić, born in 1879 in Ruma, was the first Serbian woman from Austria-Hungary to become a medical doctor. She worked first in Novi Sad (Újvidék) until she was invited to Bosnia, where she – claims Tomić – was also the first woman medical doctor. Rakić spent six months in Sarajevo, and then was sent to Bihać. For over a year, her task was to treat Muslim women, and to deal with and generate statistics on contagious diseases present in the area. For this, she was praised and awarded, and Milica Tomić congratulates and wishes Rakić persistence and success in her future work. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Reading room; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Education in National Languages; Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health; Women as Medical Professionals; Habsburg Empire; Austria; Hungary; Novi Sad; Vojvodina; Serbia; Bosnia
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Milica Tomić, fl. 1911
Date Published / Released
1911
Person Discussed
Kornelija Rakić, fl. 1911, Milica Tomić, fl. 1911
Topic / Theme
Women and Sexuality, Birth Control, and Health, Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women as Medical Professionals, Indigenous Languages, Social and Cultural Rights, National Identity, Birth Control, Sexuality, Access to Higher Education, Gendered Education, Bosnia-Herzegovinians, Serbians
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Egyesült Erovel. A Magyarországi Noegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalo...
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 3, February–March 1912 (Budapest, Budapest County: Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1912), 24 page(s)
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. 3, February-March 1912. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy....
(Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [National Széchényi Library]), in Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary], Vol. 3, February–March 1912 (Budapest, Budapest County: Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, 1912), 24 page(s)
Description
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. 3, February-March 1912. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digit...
TITLE: With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary, Vol. 3, February-March 1912. DESCRIPTION: This journal issue is part of a selection of journals documenting the history of the Hungarian-speaking women’s movement in the Hungarian Kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy. All issues available from 1909 to 1914 in the Országos Széchényi Könyvtár [Hungarian National Library] are included in this digital archive. As indicated in its subtitle, Egyesült Erővel (With United Forces) was the Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary (Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetsége) and most of the associations forming the alliance. The alliance was established in 1904 and had 78 members in 1909. The journal gives information on the activities of the alliance, including its general assemblies and the activities of many Hungarian women’s associations. Repeatedly mentioned, among others, are the Budapest Israelite Women’s Association (Budapesti Izraelita Nőegylet) and other Jewish women’s associations, the Hungarian Welfare Women’s Association of Brassó [Brasov, Kronstadt] (Brassói Magyar Jótékony Nőegylet), the Klotild Assocation for the Marketing of Women’s Work (A női munkát értékesitő Klotild egylet), the National Association of Hungarian Farmer Women (Magyar Gazdasszonyok Országos Egyesülete), the Maria Dorothea Association (Mária Dorothea Egyesület), the National Association for Women’s Education (Országos Nőképző Egyesület), the Hungarian Association against the Traffic in Girls (Magyar Egyesület a Leánykereskedés ellen), the National Association of Woman Employees (Nőtisztviselők Országos Egyesülete), the National Catholic Association for the Protection of Women (Országos Kath. Nővédő Egyesület), and the Tabitha Women’s Association (Tabitha-Nőegylet). ¶ Egyesült Erővel regularly reported on congresses, news, and activities related to international organizations, including those by and for women and women’s movements of other countries. The journal published articles about various questions, institutions, and activities considered relevant for the women’s movement and women’s organizing in Hungary, in other countries, and in transnational perspective. It also included book reviews. The journal thus constitutes a key source of information in particular on the history of the more moderate wing of the Hungarian women’s movement and its international context. Non-Hungarian women’s activism in the Hungarian Kingdom is barely mentioned (see vol. 2, July-October 1911, p. 126); therefore, silenced in the journal. The organizations of social-democratic women were not covered by the journal. The liberal-progressive Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) was a member of the Alliance and is repeatedly mentioned. The Feminist Association (Feministák Egyesülete) published its own journal, however, which is available online elsewhere. The journals of the social democratic women, Nőmunkás (Woman Worker) and the Catholic women’s movement, Értesítő (Information), are partially available in this digital archive. KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; National Identity; Habsburg Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Hungary; Auguszta Rosenberg; Ilona Szemere; Mrs. Gábor Vay Márta Zichy; Alexandra Gripenberg, Alexandra von Grippenberg (1857–1913); Anna Ruuth; Lady Aberdeen
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Date Published / Released
1912
Publisher
Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary
Series
Egyesült Erővel. A Magyarországi Nőegyesületek Szövetségének és a sz.-et [szövetséget] alkotó egyesületek legtöbbjének hivatalos közlönyük [With United Forces: Official Bulletin of the Alliance of Women’s Organizations of Hungary]
Person Discussed
Anna Ruuth, fl. 1911, Ishbel Maria Marjoribanks Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair, 1857-1939, Alexandra Gripenberg, 1857-1913, Márta Zichy, fl. 1911, Auguszta Rosenberg, 1859-1946, Ilona Szemere, fl. 1910
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Suffrage, Equal Rights for Women, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Human Rights, National Identity, Hungarians
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Ein Schreiben des Deutschen Nationalen Frauen-Ausschusses für dauernden Frieden an den Reichskanzler Dr. von Bethmann Hollweg, 6. Monatsber...
written by Frida Perlen, fl. 1919, Anita Augspurg, 1857-1943 and Lida Gustava Heymann, 1868-1943 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 45) (November 1915) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: A Letter of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace to Imperial Chancellor Dr. von BethmannHollweg, 6th monthly report, suppl. no 2 (Munich, November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) w...
written by Frida Perlen, fl. 1919, Anita Augspurg, 1857-1943 and Lida Gustava Heymann, 1868-1943 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 45) (November 1915) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: A Letter of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace to Imperial Chancellor Dr. von BethmannHollweg, 6th monthly report, suppl. no 2 (Munich, November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the internati...
TITLE: A Letter of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace to Imperial Chancellor Dr. von BethmannHollweg, 6th monthly report, suppl. no 2 (Munich, November 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question.” The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The official letter of Lida Gustava Heymann, Anita Augspurg and Frida Perlen, activists of the German delegation of the German National Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. Women’s peace activists of the German Women’s movement asked the Imperial Chancellor Dr. von Bethmann Hollweg to agitate for peace negotiations like British members of the Parliament already would do. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Germany; Great Britain
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
November 1915, 1915
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Frida Perlen, fl. 1919, Anita Augspurg, 1857-1943, Lida Gustava Heymann, 1868-1943
Person Discussed
Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, 1856-1921
Topic / Theme
Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, International Peace, Nationalism and Independence Movements, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, Human Rights, Polish, 20th Century in World...
Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, International Peace, Nationalism and Independence Movements, National Identity, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, Human Rights, Polish, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Facing Two Ways: The Story of My Life
written by Katō Ishimoto Shidzue, 1897-2001 (New York, NY: Farrar & Rinehart, 1935, originally published 1935), 403 page(s)
written by Katō Ishimoto Shidzue, 1897-2001 (New York, NY: Farrar & Rinehart, 1935, originally published 1935), 403 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Diary/Memoir/Autobiography
Author / Creator
Katō Ishimoto Shidzue, 1897-2001
Date Published / Released
1935
Publisher
Farrar & Rinehart
Person Discussed
Katō Ishimoto Shidzue, 1897-2001
Topic / Theme
Women of Color, Social Reform and Political Activism, Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Women, National Identity, Japanese, Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright by author unless otherwise noted.
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