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Cuvantul de deschidere rostit de doamna Maria B. Baiulescu, presedinta Uniunii Femeilor Romane din Brasov la I-ul Congres al Reuniunilor de...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in...
written by Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941 ("George Baritiu" Library, Brasov, Romania, MS 1954, f. 36, "George Baritiu" County Library Special Collections) (1913) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of R...
TITLE: Opening Speech Given by Mrs. Maria B. Baiulescu, President of the Union of Romanian Women in Brasov to the Ist Congress of the Women's Reunions held in Brasov between 3-5 June 1913. DESCRIPTION: Typed draft of speech by Maria Baiulescu on the occasion of the first congress of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary. Maria Baiulescu (1860-1941) was an author, Romanian nationalist and civic organizer. She was the president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in Brasov/Brasso/Kronstadt (1908-1935), the President of the Union of Romanian Women (a federation of Transylvanian women’s associations) (1913-1935), and leader of ASTRA association’s Biopolitical Section, founded in 1927. A supporter of women’s social involvement, she advocated what has been termed “republican motherhood,” which focused on women’s roles as nurturers and educators of the nation. See, Krassimira Daskalova, Anna Loutfi, and Francisca de Haan, A Biographical Dictionary of Women’s Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006), 48-50. Baiulescu’s personal archives are housed by the "George Baritiu" County Library Brasov (Romania), Special Collections Unit. The Union of Romanian Women reunited approximatively half of the 60 independent Romanian women’s “Reunions” that had appeared in Transylvania since the 1850s. ¶ The speech laid out the purpose of a Union with “centralized power” to direct the activities of the adhering women’s Reunions in Hungary. The document also argued that the Union would direct the activities of women’s Reunions that would form in the future. The goals of the Union outlined by Baiulescu were promoting girls’ education, preserving peasant women’s handicraft traditions, raising “hardworking and thrifty wives and mothers,” promoting charitability among women, and creating a unified orphanage. Finally, according to Baiulescu, “through her disinterested social work woman is becoming an important factor even in states’ lives as only she is capable to resolve somewhat the humanitarian problem.” At first sight, the speech reaffirms and unifies the existing areas of activity of the Union’s members and places them within the politically uncontroversial frame of “republican motherhood.” However, concerning the context of this speech, the Romanian Women’s Union founding congress was scheduled to coincide with the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) Congress in Budapest (3-5 June 1913). Whereas Saxon and Hungarian women’s associations in Transylvania were visible participants at the IWSA Congress, the newly-formed Union abstained from organized participation. The abstention was due to a “silenced or veiled” (but, nevertheless, present) suffrage politics pursued by the Transylvanian Romanian women’s movement in Hungary, one that may have been carried aut through the Romanian National Party’s advocating universal suffrage in the Hungarian Parliament, largely because of governemntal restrictions against minorities associational life in the Kingdom of Hungary ¶ This document points to the existence of the Union of Romanian Women in Hungary and the tendencies towards centralization of disparate women’s associations, occurring by the 1910s. Secondly, Baiulescu’s speech reveals the rhetoric that masked the transnational connections and internationally convergent politics some politically-minded Transylvanian Romanian women, although, perhaps, not Maria Baiulescu herself, were pursuing at the time. KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Relations Between Women of Different Nationalities; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Social Reform and Political Activism; Welfare Movements; Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements; Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations; Political and Human Rights; Human Rights, Suffrage; Women and Education; Gendered Education; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labor; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA).
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1913
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Speech/Address
Author / Creator
Maria Baiulescu, 1860-1941
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Su...
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Work and Class Identity, Indigenous Women, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, National Identity, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Equal Rights for Women, Sexual Division of Labor, Gendered Education, Human Rights, Suffrage, Political Parties and Other Male Dominated Organizations, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Romanians
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Dance, Music, Architecture: Lively Testimony to Indonesian Culture, a Discussion with Mrs. Dagmar Bothas
written by Kate Luders, fl. 1961, in Women of the Whole World, No. 4, April, 1961, pp. 11-14 (1961, originally published 1961), 4 page(s)
An article on Indonesia, the juxtaposition between cultural maintenance (traditional crafts, costumes, performing arts, preservation of historical sites) and modernity (higher levels of literacy, new schools and universities etc.). Observations by Dagmar Bothas during her trip to Indonesia, as told to Women of the...
written by Kate Luders, fl. 1961, in Women of the Whole World, No. 4, April, 1961, pp. 11-14 (1961, originally published 1961), 4 page(s)
Description
An article on Indonesia, the juxtaposition between cultural maintenance (traditional crafts, costumes, performing arts, preservation of historical sites) and modernity (higher levels of literacy, new schools and universities etc.). Observations by Dagmar Bothas during her trip to Indonesia, as told to Women of the Whole World staff writer Kate Luders. First image captioned: "Children of the island nation, bright, observant and wide awake. They wi...
An article on Indonesia, the juxtaposition between cultural maintenance (traditional crafts, costumes, performing arts, preservation of historical sites) and modernity (higher levels of literacy, new schools and universities etc.). Observations by Dagmar Bothas during her trip to Indonesia, as told to Women of the Whole World staff writer Kate Luders. First image captioned: "Children of the island nation, bright, observant and wide awake. They will complete the great leap forward their nation has undertaken after 350 years of colonial oppression." Second image captioned: "The 3,100 meter Gunung Gede Volcano at Puntjak Pass. Java is known as the most fertile tropical island in the world and the land of volcanoes which still cause terrible devastation." Third image captioned: “Temple on Bali.” Fourth image (bottom left, p. 12) captioned: "Classical ritual dance, Bali." Fifth image (bottom right) captioned: "This isolated little sanctuary, hidden beneath a group of giant trees whose red blossoms carpet the earth, is in the centre of Bali." Images on p. 13 captioned: Top, "This scene has disappeared from the life of the towns. The government for health reasons has prohibited washing in the canals and the banks have been built up. In the villages however this practice is still common." Left, "The Borobudur temple, built in the 8th and 9th centuries has no interior. Its five terraces and three round towers are build around a hill 50 meters high." Right, "The reliefs ornamenting the terraces tell the life of Budha and of men." Bottom, "Women of the Jakarta region make batik sarongs in their homes." Images on p.14 captioned: Top, "A Sumatra couple in festive dress. The colourful costumes are well cared for." Bottom, "May 1st—The women, led by members of the women's organisation GERWANI, all take part in the demonstrations together."
KEYWORDS: Anti-colonialism; Architecture; Crafts; Culture; Dagmar Botha; GERWANI; Indonesia; Kate Luders; Performing arts; Traditions; WIDF; Women of the Whole World, pp. 11-14, 1961
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Kate Luders, fl. 1961
Date Published / Released
1961-04, April 1961, 1961
Person Discussed
Dagmar Bothas, fl. 1961
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Opposition to Imperialism, Social and Cultural Rights, Access to Primary Education/Literacy, Indonesians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright @ 1961 by Women's International Democratic Federation
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Deputace českých žen v říšském parlamentě
in Právo ženy [Woman's Right], Vol. 1, no. 20, July 22, 1911, pp. 1-2 (1911), 2 page(s)
TITLE: Deputation of Czech Women in the Imperial Parliament. DESCRIPTION: Právo ženy [Woman’s Right] was a women’s newspaper written in Czech language and published in Brno, the centre of the region Moravia, between 1911 and 1913. Moravia was a crown land of Austria (Cisleithania). The newspaper focused on t...
in Právo ženy [Woman's Right], Vol. 1, no. 20, July 22, 1911, pp. 1-2 (1911), 2 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Deputation of Czech Women in the Imperial Parliament. DESCRIPTION: Právo ženy [Woman’s Right] was a women’s newspaper written in Czech language and published in Brno, the centre of the region Moravia, between 1911 and 1913. Moravia was a crown land of Austria (Cisleithania). The newspaper focused on the question of women’s political rights. Its editor was Zdenka Wiedermanová-Motyčková (1868-1915), teacher and founder of liberal...
TITLE: Deputation of Czech Women in the Imperial Parliament. DESCRIPTION: Právo ženy [Woman’s Right] was a women’s newspaper written in Czech language and published in Brno, the centre of the region Moravia, between 1911 and 1913. Moravia was a crown land of Austria (Cisleithania). The newspaper focused on the question of women’s political rights. Its editor was Zdenka Wiedermanová-Motyčková (1868-1915), teacher and founder of liberal feminist association Zemská organizace pokrokových žen na Moravě [Provincial Association of Progressive Women in Moravia]. The association established in 1910, became the umbrella organization of most of the political activities of Moravian Czech speaking middle class feminists, mostly referred to as Moravian progressive women. Výbor pro volební právo žen [Committee for Women's Voting Rights] was a group of women which since the end of 1905 coordinated the activities of the Czech speaking women’s suffragists in Bohemia, another crown land of Austria. The article deals with the visit of the delegation of Czech suffragists from the Committee for Women's Voting Rights and Provincial Association of Progressive Women in Moravia and the representatives of Czech women in Lower Austria at the Austrian parliament (Reichsrat) on July 17, 1911, the day when the session of the newly elected parliament started. The delegation asked for the extension of the “universal and equal” suffrage to women. The author describes the reception of the delegation by the prime minister Paul Gautsch and by the Czech members of the parliament (among others František Fiedler, Václav Klofáč, František Udržal, Antonín Němec, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Adolf Stránský). KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Empire and Feminism; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Habsburg Empire
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Date Published / Released
22 July 1911, 1911
Person Discussed
Adolf Stránský, 1855-1931, Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, 1850-1937, Antonín Němec, 1858-1926, František Udržal, 1866-1938, Václav Klofáč, 1868-1942, František Fiedler, 1858-1925, Paul Gautsch, 1851-1918, Zdenka Wiedermanová-Motyčková, 1868-1915
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social and Cultural Rights, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Empire and Feminism, Human Rights, Czechs
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Devojačko udruženje
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 4, no. 4, January 4, 1889, pp. 97-102 (1889), 3 page(s)
TITLE: The Young Women’s Association. DESCRIPTION: This unsigned article discusses two newly established Young Women’s Associations (Devojačko udruženje) in Novi Sad (Újvidék) and Velika Kikinda (Nagykikinda), Vojvodina. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable...
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 4, no. 4, January 4, 1889, pp. 97-102 (1889), 3 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Young Women’s Association. DESCRIPTION: This unsigned article discusses two newly established Young Women’s Associations (Devojačko udruženje) in Novi Sad (Újvidék) and Velika Kikinda (Nagykikinda), Vojvodina. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Se...
TITLE: The Young Women’s Association. DESCRIPTION: This unsigned article discusses two newly established Young Women’s Associations (Devojačko udruženje) in Novi Sad (Újvidék) and Velika Kikinda (Nagykikinda), Vojvodina. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The article was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World. Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). It was edited by Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad, in 1874. The article describes the main function of the Young Women’s Associations as the preservation of the national language and identity. The young women from the associations would meet two times a week and read Serbian national literature or texts about the history of Serbs. The reason why these associations are considered important is the Hungarian culture that endangered Serbian culture, as the text laments and implies. The article begins with a glorification of culture and cultural progress, but also with a warning that for smaller and culturally weaker nations, the general cultural progress (meaning, the culture of the culturally “stronger” nations) might be dangerous. The text laments against foreign influences (implying Hungarian influences) in culture and everyday life, when the individual characteristics of certain nations are erased by the “foreign element.” The culture of the Serbian people is endangered, and the changes in Serbian culture include, among other things, the changes in color and shape of the national clothing in certain areas, as well as the change in the Christmas customs. The Young Women’s Associations in Velika Kikinda (Nagykikinda) and Novi Sad are established as an answer to these problems, and aimed at preserving the national identity. The goal of the association is to help the members cherish their friendship and stay nationally minded after they would get married. The text reminds the reader that the two organizations are established exactly 500 years after the defeat of the Serbian people in (the Battle of) Kosovo (1389), giving a “sparkle of hope for a more glorious future.” For responses to the establishments of these associations, see Anđelija Kuzmanovićeva, “Pozdrav devojačkim udruženjima [Salute to Young Women’s Associations],” Ženski svet, January 5, 1889. KEYWORDS: Women and Nation within Empire; Young Women’s Associations; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Women and Statehood; Political and Human Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Women and Education; Education in National Languages; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Velika Kikinda; Nagykikinda; Serbia; Hungary; Ženski svet
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women
Date Published / Released
04 January 1889, 1889
Person Discussed
Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Immigration, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Women and Education, Social and Cultural Rights, Nationality Rights, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Indigenous Languages, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Serbians
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Die Frauenfragen
(Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelberg), in Im Kampf um Brot und Geist. Darstellungen aus Leben und Entwicklung der deutschen Frau Siebenbürgens [In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman]. (Sibiu, 1927), pp. 278-296 (1927), 20 page(s)
TITLE: “Women’s Question,” in _In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman _. DESCRIPTION: The paper, from a 1927 volume, briefly sketches out the biographies of three outstanding Transylvanian Saxon women activists from the pre-World...
(Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelberg), in Im Kampf um Brot und Geist. Darstellungen aus Leben und Entwicklung der deutschen Frau Siebenbürgens [In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman]. (Sibiu, 1927), pp. 278-296 (1927), 20 page(s)
Description
TITLE: “Women’s Question,” in _In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman _. DESCRIPTION: The paper, from a 1927 volume, briefly sketches out the biographies of three outstanding Transylvanian Saxon women activists from the pre-World War I period: Luise Geifrig-Korodi, Marie Stritt and Adele Zay. Luise Geifrig-Korodi, the sister of Transylvanian Saxon politician Lutz...
TITLE: “Women’s Question,” in _In the Struggle for Bread and Spirit: Representations from the Life and Development of the German Transylvanian Woman _. DESCRIPTION: The paper, from a 1927 volume, briefly sketches out the biographies of three outstanding Transylvanian Saxon women activists from the pre-World War I period: Luise Geifrig-Korodi, Marie Stritt and Adele Zay. Luise Geifrig-Korodi, the sister of Transylvanian Saxon politician Lutz Korodi, studied photography at the Lette-Verein in Berlin and opened her own atelier in the same city in 1894. She mainly worked for illustrated magazines, specializing on cityscapes, the social documentary genre, and portraits of famous people in work settings. She was also elected to the executive committee of the Union for Germandom Abroad (Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland). Marie Stritt (1855-1928) was a Saxon woman who achieved even greater prominence abroad. She was born in Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Segesvár into the family of Joseph and Therese Bacon, him an art-loving physician and her the hostess of a women’s salon and a promoter of feminist ideas. Having settled in Dresden upon marrying a German citizen, Stritt embarked on a public career to criticize the country’s outdated family law and to found the Women’s Legal Protection League (Rechtsschutzverein für Frauen). She was elected to the board of the Union of German Women’s Associations (Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine), which she later also presided for ten years. She rose to wider fame as the representative of the German women’s movement at international events. She also led the Imperial Society for Women’s Suffrage (Deutscher Verband für Frauenstimmrecht) between 1911 and 1919. Adele Zay (1848-1928) was the one of the three who spent most of her life in Transylvania. Zay traveled widely in Europe and increasingly advocated women’s equality and suffrage. She was a leading representative of the General Women’s Association of the Transylvanian Evangelical Church (Augustan Confession) (Allgemeiner Frauenverein der evangelischen Landeskirche A.B. in Siebenbürgen), founded in 1884. Sister of the later liberal politician Adolf Zay, she started her professional career teaching French and German in a Bucharest orphanage in the early 1870s, only later to receive proper training as a teacher in Vienna and Szeged. For several decades, she taught prospective kindergarten teachers in Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. She stood at the forefront of the struggle for the employment of female teachers within Transylvanian Evangelical Church, and she correspondended with leading figures of the German women’s movement. She was also co-author of a textbook of Hungarian for students of German civil schools (Bürgerschulen). KEYWORDS: Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Struggle between Nations in the Empire; Empire and Feminism; Social Reform and Political Activism; Child Care; Women and Education; Women as Teachers; Political and Human Rights; Family Rights; Habsburg Empire; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Section
Date Published / Released
1927
Person Discussed
Marie Stritt, 1855-1928, Luise Geifrig-Korodi, fl. 1927
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women and Education, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Human Rights, Family Rights, Empire and Education, Women as Teachers, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Romanians, Germans, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Die Polinnen und der Krieg
written by Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 23-27) (1915) , 5 page(s)
TITLE: Polish Women and the War. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s...
written by Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 23-27) (1915) , 5 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Polish Women and the War. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalök...
TITLE: Polish Women and the War. DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace”, since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom”. The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question”. The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The typescript “Die Polinnen und der Krieg (Polish Women and the War)” and the handwritten manuscript “Berichtüber die Friedensarbeit der polnischen Frauen (Report on Peace Activities of Polish Women)”describe the activities of the Women’s League: collecting money for war literature, work in the military hospitals, cultural work to strengthen the national consciousness. It explains why though these activities supported the war they nevertheless belonged to the peace activities of the international women’s organizations: the importance of Polish independence for a new European order. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; The Hague
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
1915
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Government/institutional document
Author / Creator
Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Human Rights, Social and Cultural Rights, National Identity, Nationalism and Independence Movements, International Peace, Polish, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Die sozialen Arbeitsgebiete der sächsischen Frauen und die Politik
written by Meta Römer-Neubner, 1869- (Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelber), in Die Karpaten, Vol. 5 no. 24, 1913, pp. 747-759 (1913), 13 page(s)
TITLE: The Domains of Saxon Women’s Social Work and Politics. DESCRIPTION: Meta Römer-Neubner (1869-?), daughter of Catholic parents, was a music teacher and activist the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. In this article from 1913, the author reviews some Transylvanian Saxon responses to the Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Se...
written by Meta Römer-Neubner, 1869- (Bibliothek, Siebenbürgen-Institut, Universität Heidelber), in Die Karpaten, Vol. 5 no. 24, 1913, pp. 747-759 (1913), 13 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Domains of Saxon Women’s Social Work and Politics. DESCRIPTION: Meta Römer-Neubner (1869-?), daughter of Catholic parents, was a music teacher and activist the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. In this article from 1913, the author reviews some Transylvanian Saxon responses to the Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Segesvár-born Marie Stritt’s advocacy of women’s suffrage at a German women’s congress in 1912 (Der Deutsche Frauenkongress, Berli...
TITLE: The Domains of Saxon Women’s Social Work and Politics. DESCRIPTION: Meta Römer-Neubner (1869-?), daughter of Catholic parents, was a music teacher and activist the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó. In this article from 1913, the author reviews some Transylvanian Saxon responses to the Schäßburg/Sighișoara/Segesvár-born Marie Stritt’s advocacy of women’s suffrage at a German women’s congress in 1912 (Der Deutsche Frauenkongress, Berlin, 27. Februar bis 2. März 1912). An article in the Siebenbürgisch-Deutsches Tageblatt and Karl Jickeli in Die Karpaten opposed women’s suffrage and branded it as a threat to the Saxon family and nationality. Adele Zay, on the other hand, reporting on the conference for Kronstädter Zeitung, pointed out that far from solely a women’s issue, the struggle for suffrage was also part of a march towards the rule of universal humanist values. Römer-Neubner moves on to quote at length from Catechism of the Women’s Movement (Katechismus der Frauenbewegung), a pamphlet by Karl Wolff published in Leipzig, to emphasize the growing support for the idea in mainstream German politics. She rhetorically asks whether “we are fifty years behind civilized countries,” only to disclaim this proposition by pointing to the great progress that women’s movement has made in Transylvania. She mentions, for instance, the Kronstadt/Brașov/Brassó-based Association of Female Trade Employees (Verein der weiblichen Handelsbeflissenen, called here Verein weiblicher Handelsangestellter), founded in 1909. She argues that improved means of communication have made it easier to cooperate with Western feminists, referring to Transylvanian Saxon women’s rights activists’ contacts with feminists from Germany, and she reminds her readers of the opportunity that the upcoming seventh congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), which will be held in Budapest in June 1913, will offer. KEYWORDS: Empire and Feminism; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements and Other Actors beyond Empire; Political and Human Rights; Suffrage; Work and Class Identity; Sexual Division of Labour; Habsburg Empire; Hungary.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Meta Römer-Neubner, 1869-
Date Published / Released
1913
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Equal Rights for Women, Suffrage, Non-aligned Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Germans, Romanians, Hungarians
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Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Tr...
written by Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895 (Romania. Arhivele Nationale. Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale Bucharest, 1078/1895, Fond 1246 Personal Fond Dr. Ioan Ratiu, ff. 1-2) (05 February 1895) , 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party le...
TITLE: Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Dr. Rațiu, 5 February 1895. DESCRIPTION: Romanian-language letter from Dionisie Vaida to Emilia Rațiu. Dionisie Vaida was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and sponsor, father of influential interwar politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. Emilia Rațiu (1846-1929) was a Transylvanian Romanian nationalist activist and a frequent contributor to Familia magazine. She was married to Romanian National Party leader Ioan Rațiu. She was president of the Reunion of Romanian Women in the town of Turda, founder of the Women’s Reading Society in the same town in 1873, and an initiator of several other social reform and welfare activities. She led international mobilization efforts in favor of the claims of Transylvanian Romanians within Austria-Hungary, especially with the arrest of Ioan Rațiu in 1894 and the following “Memorandum trial.” Dorina Rațiu (1874?-1904) was a nationalist activist and the youngest daughter of Emilia Rațiu and Ioan Rațiu. ¶ In this letter, Dionisie Vaida expresses his sympathy for the family’s difficulties following Ion Rațiu’s imprisonment in Szeged. He also expresses surprise that Emilia and Dorina Rațiu were also summoned in front of the courts while in Szeged. Emilia Rațiu and her entire family lived in Szeged during the year-long imprisonment of Ioan Rațiu in the city. Rațiu was pardoned by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1895. The summons in front of the court Vaida references was connected to an incident which had involved several young women in the Sibiu/Hermannstadt/Nagyszeben train station and several gendarmes. Several women, including Emilia and Dorina Rațiu, had gathered in the station to welcome the returning, recently-sentenced Memorandum men. Gendarmes had asked the women to remove the Romanian tri-color flags they were wearing pinned to their dresses. The women’s refusal and opposition to the gendarmes brought them in front of the local courts in February 1895. In the absence of the two Rațiu women, the trial was indefinitely postponed. The young women present in the courthouse in Sibiu were congratulated for their staunch refusal, and the event was widely reported in the Romanian press. Vaida’s letter highlights Transylvanian Romanian women’s involvement in increasingly confrontational activism toward Hungarian authorities in the tense period after the Memorandum episode. The document also draws attention to sources which show Transylvanian women’s use of well-established repertories of nationalism in Austria-Hungary and beyond. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Courts and trials; Women and Practices/ Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Social Reform and Political Activism; Habsburg Empire; Kingdom of Hungary; Transylvania.
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
05 February 1895, 1895
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Dionisie Vaida, fl. 1895
Topic / Theme
Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Indigenous Women, Political and Human Rights, Opposition to Imperialism, National Identity, Social and Political Leadership, Empire and Feminism, Social and Cultural Rights, Hungarians, Romanians
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Do szanownego Zarzadu Kola Ligi Kobiet
written by Ada Markowa, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 28) (01 August 1915) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga...
written by Ada Markowa, fl. 1915 and Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915 (Archiwum Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej, Fragment archiwum NZ LK NKN, 8836/IV: k 28) (01 August 1915) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist a...
TITLE: To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915). DESCRIPTION: The archive of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow contains unpublished material of Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska (1866-1934) which she collected due to her task to represent the Polish women’s organization “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” at the international Women’s Peace Congress in The Hague in 1915. Daszyńska-Golińska was a socialist and feminist politician and a national economist (Nationalökonomin). She gained her PhD at the University of Zurich (Universität Zürich) in 1891 and taught at Berlin University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, today Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin). She stood up for women’s right to vote and for the independence of Poland. She also was a representative of the eugenic movement in Poland especially between the wars. The “International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915” called together representatives of women’s organizations from all over the world to prevent war in future. It established the “International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace,” since 1919 “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.” The “Liga Kobiet (Women’s League)” joined together active Polish women to mobilize them for the “Polish question”. The collection consists of 48 pp. of different handwritten papers and typescripts in German and Polish from Daszyńska-Goliǹska: records from meetings and policy papers about the positions of Polish women’s politics concerning independence, peace and the role of women during war times. In addition, there are some English, Polish and German announcements and protocols concerning the Congress and the Committee. They are not written by Daszyńska-Golińska. The draft ‘Do szanownego Zarządu Koła Ligi Kobiet (Kraków, dnia 1 sierpnia 1915) [To the Honourable Board of the Circle of Women’s League (Cracow, August 1st, 1915)]’ was signed by Wanda Bilowska and Ada Markowa, members of the ruling board of the Liga Kobiet (Women’s League). It addressed Circles of the League which are asked to discuss and to distribute the paper written by Daszyńska-Golińska about the peace Congress. KEYWORDS: Women and Practices/Cultures of Empire; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Women and Nation within Empire; Women Challenging Empire; Peace and War; Social Reform and Political Activism; Political and Human Rights; Habsburg Empire; Poland; Germany; France; Italy; Finland; Serbia; The Hague; Amsterdam
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
01 August 1915, 1915
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
Ada Markowa, fl. 1915, Wanda Bilewska, fl. 1915
Person Discussed
Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska, 1860-1934
Topic / Theme
Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Multi-Ethnic Participation in Social Movements, Human Rights, Social and Cultural Rights, Nationalism and Independence Movements, International Peace, Polish, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916
written by József Szalay, 1870-1937 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (29 June 1916) , 1 page(s)
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its yout...
written by József Szalay, 1870-1937 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára [National Archives of Hungary – National Archives], P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5) (29 June 1916) , 1 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its youth group. The innocent topics of the planned presentations notwithstanding, the local policy authority denies permission, pointing to th...
TITLE: Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged) to Mrs. Dr. Imre Turcsányi, Szeged, 29 June 1916. DESCRIPTION: The Feminist Association of Szeged (Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete) during war time requests permission to hold a “festive general assembly (tagértekezlet)” in order to establish its youth group. The innocent topics of the planned presentations notwithstanding, the local policy authority denies permission, pointing to the “political character” of the program. See also, “Mrs. Imre Turcsányi to Dr. József Szalay (leading police officer Szeged), Szeged, 27 June 1916” (Letter, Szeged, June 27, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; “Mrs. Dr. Jenö Erdélyi and Mrs. Imre Turcsányi, Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association of Szeged to Feminist Association (in Hungary)], Szeged, 2 July 1916” (Letter, Szeged, July 2, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]; “Feministák Szegedi Egyesülete to Igen tisztelt Tagtárs! [[Feminist Association of Szeged to Valued Member], Szeged, 17 July 1916” (Letter, Szeged, July 17, 1916), P999 Feministák Egyesülete [Feminist Association], Box 3 Folder 5, Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár [National Archives of Hungary]. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; World War I; Suppression of Women’s War Time Activism; Liberal-Progressive Women’s Movement Spreading all over Hungary; Habsburg Empire
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Date Written / Recorded
29 June 1916, 1916
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Letter
Author / Creator
József Szalay, 1870-1937
Topic / Theme
World War I, 1914-1918, Social Reform and Political Activism, Political and Human Rights, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Non-aligned Social Movements, Social and Cultural Rights, Empire and Feminism, Hungarians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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