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Document 1: Low Rate of Females’ Wages
written by Julie Myers-Mushkin, fl. 2018 and Diane Pecknold, fl. 2018 (Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street, 1829),
Source: documents.alexanderstreet.com
Source: documents.alexanderstreet.com
Sample
written by Julie Myers-Mushkin, fl. 2018 and Diane Pecknold, fl. 2018 (Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street, 1829),
Source: documents.alexanderstreet.com
Source: documents.alexanderstreet.com
Collection
Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Julie Myers-Mushkin, fl. 2018, Diane Pecknold, fl. 2018
Date Published / Released
1829
Publisher
Alexander Street
Topic / Theme
Wages and salaries, Working-classes, Charity, Poverty, Work and Class Identity, Women as “Proletariat”, Labor Standards
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Indonesian Women Traversed the Seas to Attend This Conference
written by Sunardi, fl. 1956, in Women of the Whole World, Vol. 105-106, No. 8-9, September, 1956, p. 8 (1956, originally published 1956), 1 page(s)
This article includes Impressions of the Indonesian delegation to the World Conference of Women Workers and Extract from a speech by Mme. Sunardi. Sunardi spoke on behalf of the Indonesian delegation that travelled to Budapest, Hungary, for the World Conference of Women Workers, 14-17 June 1956. She spoke about th...
Sample
written by Sunardi, fl. 1956, in Women of the Whole World, Vol. 105-106, No. 8-9, September, 1956, p. 8 (1956, originally published 1956), 1 page(s)
Description
This article includes Impressions of the Indonesian delegation to the World Conference of Women Workers and Extract from a speech by Mme. Sunardi. Sunardi spoke on behalf of the Indonesian delegation that travelled to Budapest, Hungary, for the World Conference of Women Workers, 14-17 June 1956. She spoke about the hardships endured by Indonesian labourers, especially female workers, and the lack of legislation to protect them. Two images, the se...
This article includes Impressions of the Indonesian delegation to the World Conference of Women Workers and Extract from a speech by Mme. Sunardi. Sunardi spoke on behalf of the Indonesian delegation that travelled to Budapest, Hungary, for the World Conference of Women Workers, 14-17 June 1956. She spoke about the hardships endured by Indonesian labourers, especially female workers, and the lack of legislation to protect them. Two images, the second with the caption: "Many women in Indonesia are employed on the tea plantations."
KEYWORDS: 1956; Budapest; Hungary; Indonesian women; Sunardi; Transnational activism; Transnational solidarity; WIDF; World Conference of Women Workers
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Sunardi, fl. 1956
Date Published / Released
1956-09, September 1956, 1956
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Labor Standards, Rights to Wages, Opposition to Imperialism, Indonesians, 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
Copyright Message
Copyright @ 1956 by Women's International Democratic Federation
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Letter from Sojourner Truth
written by Sojourner Truth, 1797-1883, in The Liberator, Vol. 34, no. 52, 23 December 1864, p. 207 (originally published 1864), 1 page(s)
Sample
written by Sojourner Truth, 1797-1883, in The Liberator, Vol. 34, no. 52, 23 December 1864, p. 207 (originally published 1864), 1 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Sojourner Truth, 1797-1883
Date Published / Released
1864-12-23
Person Discussed
Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865
Topic / Theme
Domestic workers, Freed slaves, Emancipation Proclamation, U.S., September 22, 1862, Work and Class Identity, Labor Standards, Civil War (1860–1865), Industrialization and Western Global Hegemony (1750–1914)
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Letter to Editor
written by Mary Fitzbutler Waring, 1869-1958, in National Association Notes, Vol. 19, no. 7-8, April-May 1917, p. 17 (1917), 1 page(s)
Sample
written by Mary Fitzbutler Waring, 1869-1958, in National Association Notes, Vol. 19, no. 7-8, April-May 1917, p. 17 (1917), 1 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Mary Fitzbutler Waring, 1869-1958
Date Published / Released
1917
Topic / Theme
Working conditions, Racism, Women in workforce, Work and Class Identity, Labor Standards
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Need For A Larger Vision
written by Devaki Jain, 1933-; in Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, No. 19, Nov. - Dec. 1983, Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, No. 19, Nov.-Dec. 1983 (New Delhi, Delhi State: Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, 1983)
Sample
written by Devaki Jain, 1933-; in Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, No. 19, Nov. - Dec. 1983, Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, No. 19, Nov.-Dec. 1983 (New Delhi, Delhi State: Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, 1983)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Devaki Jain, 1933-
Date Published / Released
1983
Publisher
Manushi Collective--An All Women Group
Series
Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Work and Class Identity, Social and Cultural Rights, Labor Standards, Class Discrimination, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society No. 6, Jul. - Aug. 1980
written by Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, in Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, Number 6, July-August 1980 (New Delhi, Delhi State: Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, 1980), 64 page(s)
Sample
written by Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, in Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, Number 6, July-August 1980 (New Delhi, Delhi State: Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, 1980), 64 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical issue
Author / Creator
Manushi Collective--An All Women Group
Date Published / Released
1980
Publisher
Manushi Collective--An All Women Group
Series
Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Equal Rights for Women, Gender Discrimination, Social and Cultural Rights, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Factory And Home—The Contrary Pulls
written by Mira Savara, fl. 1982; in Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, No. 12, 1982, Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, Number 12, 1982 (New Delhi, Delhi State: Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, 1982)
Sample
written by Mira Savara, fl. 1982; in Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, No. 12, 1982, Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society, Number 12, 1982 (New Delhi, Delhi State: Manushi Collective--An All Women Group, 1982)
Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Mira Savara, fl. 1982
Date Published / Released
1982
Publisher
Manushi Collective--An All Women Group
Series
Manushi: A Journal About Women And Society
Topic / Theme
Political and Human Rights, Women of Color, Work and Class Identity, Equal Rights for Women, Social and Cultural Rights, Gender Discrimination, Family Rights, Labor Standards, Indians (Asian), 20th Century in World History (1914--2000)
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Pravila za savez Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinja iz Austro-Ugarske, Bosne i Hercegovine
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 17, no. 3, January 3, 1902, pp. 33-36 (1902), 4 page(s)
TITLE: Statute of the Alliance of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women from Austria-Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina. DESCRIPTION: This article discusses a statute of the Alliance of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women from Austria-Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Savez Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinj...
Sample
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 17, no. 3, January 3, 1902, pp. 33-36 (1902), 4 page(s)
Description
TITLE: Statute of the Alliance of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women from Austria-Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina. DESCRIPTION: This article discusses a statute of the Alliance of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women from Austria-Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Savez Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinja iz Austro-Ugarske, Bosne i Hercegovine), created during the general assembly of the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women (Dobrotvo...
TITLE: Statute of the Alliance of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women from Austria-Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina. DESCRIPTION: This article discusses a statute of the Alliance of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women from Austria-Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Savez Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinja iz Austro-Ugarske, Bosne i Hercegovine), created during the general assembly of the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja) from Novi Sad in February 1902, and signed by Arkadije Varađanin, secretary, and Julka Radovanović, principal. The text was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja). The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. The editor of Ženski svetwas Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights and was a teacher and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad in 1874. Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 and fully annexed the territory in 1908. The province was jointly administered as a Condominium. The article reports that the alliance is established in the form of cooperative and the statute has 30 clauses. The clauses define the goals of the alliance with regard to the realms of charitable, educational and economic work. The goals include: to establish new Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women; to collect money in case of floods or fire “in our country or outside of it”; to assist the “Red Cross” society in case of war in the “fatherland” or “other areas where Serbian people live”; to build shelters for orphans and old people; to establish schools for children where they would be trained to be good, hardworking and develop proper morals; to help prepare good and honest domestic tutors and teachers for better-off Serbian households; to establish schools for women’s handicraft and places where these products would be sold; to teach the members to be frugal in order to have a good and progressive household. The alliance has a common budget. The direction of the alliance is set in Novi Sad. The official language of the alliance is Serbian, and the Cyrillic the official alphabet. For the report on the first meeting of representatives of the Alliance of Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, published in Ženski svet in June 1902, see “Prva skupština Saveza Dobrotvornih Zadruga Srpkinja [The First Assembly of the Alliance of Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women],” Ženski svet, January 6, 1902. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions of Empire; Women’s Cooperative; Women Interacting with Women, Social Movements, and Other Actors Beyond Empire; Red Cross; Peace and War, International Governance, and International Law; War; Women and Nation within Empire;Women and Nation-Building; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; Women and National Languages; National Identity; Women Challenging Empire; Political and Human Rights; Nationality Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Women and Education; Education in National Languages; Women as Teachers; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation;Work and Class Identity; Work and Class Identity; Handicraft; Embroidery; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Bosnia; Herzegovina; Hungary
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women
Date Published / Released
03 January 1902, 1902
Person Discussed
Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874
Topic / Theme
Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Work and Class Identity, Women and Education, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, International Peace, Labor Standards, Indigenous Languages, National Identity, Empire and Internation...
Indigenous Women, Peace, International Governance, and International Law, Work and Class Identity, Women and Education, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Political and Human Rights, Women and Development, Social Movements and Indigenous Women, International Peace, Labor Standards, Indigenous Languages, National Identity, Empire and Internationalism, Women as Teachers, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Social and Cultural Rights, Household Crafts, Serbians
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The Problem of Personal Service
written by Alice Dunbar-Nelson, 1875-1935, in The Messenger, Vol. 9, no. 6, June 1927, p. 184 (originally published 1927), 1 page(s)
Sample
written by Alice Dunbar-Nelson, 1875-1935, in The Messenger, Vol. 9, no. 6, June 1927, p. 184 (originally published 1927), 1 page(s)
Collection
Women and Social Movements in the United States,1600-2000
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Alice Dunbar-Nelson, 1875-1935
Date Published / Released
1927-06
Topic / Theme
Working conditions, Labor and unions, Domestic service, Work and Class Identity, Labor Standards
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Proslava 70-godišnjice gđe Savke dra Jovana Subotića
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 19, no. 11, January 11, 1904, pp. 246-250 (1904), 5 page(s)
TITLE: The Celebration of the 70th Birthday of Mrs. Savka Subotić. DESCRIPTION: A report of the celebration of the 70th birthday of SavkaSubotić which the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja) had organized in October, and which was attended by many off...
Sample
written by Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women, in Ženski svet, Vol. 19, no. 11, January 11, 1904, pp. 246-250 (1904), 5 page(s)
Description
TITLE: The Celebration of the 70th Birthday of Mrs. Savka Subotić. DESCRIPTION: A report of the celebration of the 70th birthday of SavkaSubotić which the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja) had organized in October, and which was attended by many officials of the Serbian institutions in Novi Sad. SavkaSubotić was not present, as she was in Paris at the time. Most of the text gives...
TITLE: The Celebration of the 70th Birthday of Mrs. Savka Subotić. DESCRIPTION: A report of the celebration of the 70th birthday of SavkaSubotić which the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja) had organized in October, and which was attended by many officials of the Serbian institutions in Novi Sad. SavkaSubotić was not present, as she was in Paris at the time. Most of the text gives the speech held on the occasion by Arkadije Varađanin (Velika Kikinda/Nagykikinda 1844- Novi Sad/Újvidék 1922). The report was published in Ženski svet. List dobrotvornih zadruga Srpkinja (Women’s World: Journal of the Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women). The journal was published between 1886 and 1914 in Novi Sad (Újvidék), the Vojvodina, by the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Dobrotvorna zadruga Srpkinja Novosatkinja).The editor of the journal was Arkadije Varađanin, a man who was an active proponent of women’s rights, a teacher, secretary of the Charitable Cooperative of Serbian Women from Novi Sad (Újvidék), and director of the Serbian High School for Girls established in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Vojvodina in 1874. The Vojvodina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia which enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, or Hungary, in the dual Monarchy (from 1867) of Austria-Hungary. Serbian was one of the dominant languages spoken in the Vojvodina. Savka Subotić (1834-1918) was active in the women's movement in the Vojvodina, and also in Serbia and internationally. Subotić was educated in Novi Sad (Újvidék), Timișoara (Temesvár, Temeswar) and Vienna. Her main focus was the education of girls, especially Serbian girls; Subotić initiated the establishment of the first Serbian language high schools for girls, established in Novi Sad, Vojvodina and Pančevo (Pancsova), military frontier/Vojvodina in 1874 and in Sombor (Zombor), Vojvodina in 1875. See also, Milica Tomić, “Naše više devojačke škole [Our high schools for girls],” Žena, January 6, 1911; and “Srpska Viša Devojačka Škola u Novom Sadu [The Serbian High School for Girls in Novi Sad],” Ženski svet, August 1913. In addition, Subotić was active in educating Serbian women in the countryside, and created a program of economic development for women who lived in the villages by popularizing and building the handicraft industry of the time. In 1867, Subotić established a women’s organization in Novi Sad (Ujvidék), the Vojvodina, which in documents generated by the Serbian-speaking women’s movement in the Vojvodina regularly is described as the first women’s cooperative in Novi Sad. Subotić was a respected member of the Serbian community, but also well known in Austria-Hungary as a whole and in the international women’s movement. In his speech, Arkadije Varađanin mentions that in the early years of her married life, Subotić had slowly come out of the “narrow frame” of family life into the “broader circle of national life,” but never ceased to remain true to her motherly and domestic duties. Varađanin talks about Subotić’s choice to work with the “national masses” in order to “morally elevate” and “materially assist” them, going to the villages herself as a “traveling national educator.” It was one of the Subotić’s accomplishments to modernize traditional women’s handicraft in order to make it appreciated in the “world market.” As Varađanin describes, Subotić worked on popularization of national rugs and canvas in the well to do households, taking care that they would be exhibited in Novi Sad (Újvidék) (1884), Budapest (1885) and Paris (1900). She had established the first Women’s Cooperative in Novi Sad that had no national or religious characteristics in 1864 with the help of Jovan Andrejević (1833-1864, a doctor, journalist and one of the founders of the Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad). According to Varađanin, this had been the first women’s organization in the area up to Vienna, even Germany. Later on, “the Serbian side” had to establish a new organization to serve the purposes for Serbian women alone. As Subotić turns 70, there are 70 women’s organizations in the area, with over 7,000 members. On her 70th birthday, Varađanin continues, Subotić becomes the president of the most recent women’s organization in the Kingdom of Serbia, The Circle of Serbian Sisters (Kolo srpskih sestara), which pursued goals mainly related to charity. She is also in charge of another charity women’s organization in Belgrade, the Princess Ljubica Society (Društvo kneginje Ljubice) and a member of the Women’s Society (Žensko društvo) in Belgrade, the capital city of Serbia. Varađanin highlights that Subotić had done a lot for women’s education as well, initiating in 1870 the establishment of three Serbian High School for Girls in Vojvodina, Hungary. Even though there are “still dissenting voices” to women’s education, Varađanin believes that Subotić inspired the establishment of schools in “Serbia, Montenegro and now the schools for girls are established in Old Serbia as well.” With the help of these schools (meaning, the school for girls with Serbian as a teaching language), “the Serbian women’s spirit is now more cheerful, progressive and patriotic,” which is important for the national interest. Moreover, in 1891, when the law was passed for the mandatory children’s kindergartens, Subotić collected money to open a Serbian kindergarten in Novi Sad, so that the national language and religion would not be “killed.” Subotić has also published aphorisms and various articles, Varađanin reminds the listeners. Besides Varađanin’s speech the article gives a short letter by Savka Subotić, who writes from Paris, in which she thanks for the celebration, and emphasizes that all of her ideas were carried out by the “daughters” of Novi Sad and that it is their celebration as much as it is hers. For more on the occasion of SavkaSubotić’s 70th birthday, see also “Savka Subotićka. 1834-1904. [Savka Subotić: 1834-1904],” Ženski svet, January 10, 1904. KEYWORDS: Women and Institutions in Empire; Women’s Cooperative; Women and Nation within Empire; Women and Nation-Building; Women and Relationship Between Nations in the Empire; Women and Struggle Between Nations in the Empire; National Identity; Political and Human Rights; Social and Cultural Rights; Women and Education; Education in National Languages; Women as Teachers; Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation; Work and Class Identity; Handicraft; Embroidery; Habsburg Empire; Hungary; Vojvodina; Novi Sad; Serbia; Hungary; Savka Subotić; Ženski svet
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Collection
Women and Social Movements, Modern Empires Since 1820
Field of Study
Women and Social Movements
Content Type
Periodical article
Author / Creator
Charitable Cooperatives of Serbian Women
Date Published / Released
11 January 1904, 1904
Person Discussed
Savka Subotić, 1834-1914, Jovan Andrejević, 1833-1864, Arkadije Varađanin, fl. 1874
Topic / Theme
Work and Class Identity, Women, Colonization, Empire, and Post Coloniality, Social Reform and Political Activism, Women and Education, Political and Human Rights, Labor Standards, Empire and Internationalism, National Identity, Indigenous Languages, Education as a Source of Women’s Emancipation, Social and Cultural Rights, Serbians
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