To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment, our September 2020 issue focuses on the theme of "Women and Struggles over Citizenship and Sovereignty in the Mid-Twentieth Century." Our issue features two new document projects. The first, "Women and the Obligations of Citizenship during World War II: U.S. Debates over Proposals to Conscript Civilians," by David Dawson and Rebecca Jo Plant, focuses on the legislative and popular debates over whether the U.S. should conscript women for civilian work to address its dire labor shortage. Because the U.S., unlike Great Britain, never enacted such a measure, scholars who focus on American women and gender ideology during World War II have paid relatively little attention to these debates. Instead, the scholarship has concentrated on government and industry campaigns to convince women to join the workforce. Yet as the documents presented in this collection demonstrate, such proposals and the reactions they generated are well worth investigating, because they led people to articulate underlying assumptions and beliefs about women's obligations - not just to families, but to the nation. By demonstrating the wide array of views on the issue and the extent to which proponents and detractors used maternalist rhetoric to advance their arguments, this document project will allow students to survey the broad range of views about women's proper roles and how female citizenship should be defined. It will also prompt students to think about the ways in which race in particular, but also age and political commitments, led women to perceive different threats and opportunities in proposals to conscript women.

Our second document project, "Native Women's Challenges to Termination and Relocation Policy, 1944-1971," by Mary Klann, demonstrates how Native women in the mid-twentieth century organized against legislative proposals to terminate the federal government's special relationship with Native nations and to relocate Native people to urban areas. Although policymakers presented such proposals as designed to benefit Native Americans - by emancipating them from the dependent status of wardship and fostering opportunities for economic development - many Native Americans were rightly skeptical. Klann draws our attention to a number of women who viewed these policies as in keeping with the long history of settler colonialism and fought to retain a relationship in which the federal government had to honor its treaty commitments. Her document project is a wonderful resource for anyone who would like to incorporate more material about Native women in the twentieth century into their women's history courses. Those teaching Native American history will also find it extremely useful, especially for the clear and succinct manner in which Klann describes the complexities of the federal government's relationship with Native nations and how it evolved over time. Klann's document project adds to a growing body of scholarship on the presence of Native women in mid- to late-twentieth century politics that recognizes engagement with policymaking as a critical form of gendered activism.

Our September issue also features a roundtable, entitled "The Politics of Curating Memory: Suffrage 100 Years Later." The 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment sparked commemorations, conversations, and controversies as feminist scholars, community leaders, and political pundits debated the historical significance and contemporary relevance of U.S. women's suffrage. WASM invited leading curators who created exhibitions about the 19th Amendment to share with us how they approach their work. What challenges do they face in creating exhibitions for the general public that nevertheless tell a complex history of suffrage? How do they incorporate the most recent historiography that emphasizes empire and racial difference in creating exhibitions that feature visual/material objects? How might we tell history when the artifact or manuscript is lost to history? Sarah Gordon (Center of Women's History at the New-York Historical Society), Allison Lange (Massachusetts Historical Society and Wentworth Institute of Technology), Theo Tyson (Boston Athenaeum), Lisa Kathleen Graddy (National Museum of American History), Janice E. Ruth (Library of Congress), and Elizabeth A. Novara (Library of Congress) offer their insights about how to curate political memory.

Since our last issue we have added to the Online Biographical Dictionary of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the United States 455 new crowdsourced biographical sketches, bringing its total to almost 2,600 sketches. These are divided into three groups: NAWSA suffragists (1,938); NWP militant suffragists (362); and Black women suffragists (286). We anticipate adding another 1,100 biographical sketches of grassroots suffrage activists over the next eighteen months and hope to complete the project by March 2022. This issue also includes 23 new primary documents for the Writings of Black Women Suffragists primary source set. We are also launching two new primary source sets: Writings of NAWSA Suffragists, with 160 documents, and Writings of NWP Militant Suffragists, with 41 documents. All told, we are adding more than 1,500 pages of new primary documents with this issue of WASM.

Finally, this edition features four new book reviews, for which we again thank the contributors and Donna Schuele and Katherine Marino, our book review editors. We also have a bonus roundtable review, including teaching prompts for the FX series Mrs. America. How might we utilize this fictionalized account of the 1970s battles to pass the ERA to teach women's history and women's activism? Leandra Zarnow, Jen Deaderick, and Robin Morris share their insights.

The cover image of our fall 2020 issue features a quilt by historian Lois Rita Helmbold, entitled "Votes/Suppressed," which received a special merit recognition for the Century of Women's Progress Quilt Challenge, 1920-2020. She writes, "my nine-patch quilt celebrates women's progress and exposes US retreat from democracy." Helmbold traces historic connections between the efforts to bar women of color as well as indigenous and immigrant women from voting in the early 20th century with continuing efforts to suppress votes in the early 21st century.

We offer this issue of WASM to reflect on this past century and to inspire progress for the next 100 years!